1906. 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
715 
— ... . large as the seed bed. Sow the seed in rows 
Hope Farm Notes s che wh« p nlhr l ffll 
_ 1 get to touching or crowding reset in rows 
■ six inches apart, three inches apart in the 
Lawn Making.-I know more about the rows When they ^uch roset^m tteir P e- 
piulosophy of lawns now than 1 used to. ^ls apart in the rows. The seed I get is 
When I drive by a farmer’s house here- a n 0O ]ors from pure white to black, all 
after and see a fine green space around shades of colors. h. a. mc quiston. 
the house, with flowers and shrubs prop- ° hio ’ . wr , r - p 
erly arranged, 1 shall first look at the Our boys will find pansy culture worse 
fields nearby. If they are as rough and than Clark grass in exacting de c . > 
stony as most fields in this country are who ever did anything yet that was rea y 
1 shall know what that lawn represents, worth while without doing a lot ot hard 
Under that smooth green sod are hidden drudging? I he hard part of it is > 
some of the noblest and also some of the cannot get people to realize t la s 
meanest and most dangerous impulses of grubbing and patient tinger woi s e 
human nature. Here we have the influ- most necessary pait ot a . 
ence of mind over matter illustrated. I 
have only to shut my eyes and the beauti¬ 
ful lawn disappears. I see a stretch of 
brown soil. A tired and sweaty man with 
halting boys has plowed and scraped and 
raked until he thinks the job is done. A 
small woman appears from the house and 
runs an eye over the job. “That isn’t 
right! See that great dish, and look at 
that great mound. Why can’t we have a 
smooth, level lawn?” 
“Sure enough, why can’t we?” says the 
man to himself. He thinks of his single 
team working for days on this job when 
the Fall plowing is waiting, the corn 
should be cut, potatoes dug and a dozen 
other jobs put in order. We will not reg¬ 
ister his remarks as he goes at those 
"dishes” and mounds. These remarks 
and his feelings represent what 1 call 
mean and dangerous impulses buried in 
the soil. The lady on the doorstep repre¬ 
sents the higher ambitions, though her hus¬ 
band will hardly admit it. She ought to 
go indoors and get up his favorite dinner 
with all the skill she can muster. In com¬ 
ing years, when people admire that lawn, 
the husband will be justified in telling to explain, the Fall is the worst season 
Plowing Sod for Corn. —This question 
comes from a Jerseyman. It is often 
debated and seldom settled: 
I have a field of about 20 acres that I wish 
to put into field corn the first part of next 
.Tune. It is now in heavy sod. Shall I get 
better results from the sod as a fertilizer by 
plowing and harrowing now than I will by 
waiting until next May to plow and harrow 
it? In other words, will the sod lie a better 
fertilizer if plowed under and worked thor¬ 
oughly now than it would be if plowed under 
and worked thoroughly just before corn is 
put in, and will it be more apt to destroy 
cutworms and other parasites in grass that 
might harm corn by working the ground 
thoroughly now? a. t. f. 
My own plan would be to plow this 
field at once—the middle of August would 
be better. Work it thoroughly several 
times until the last of September, and 
then put in a heavy seeding of rye. Next 
year the rye can be cut and fed green to 
cattle or dried for hay before plowing, 
or it can all be plowed under and planted 
to corn. By plowing the field early and 
working it thoroughly the sod will be 
well broken up, and many injects de 
stroyed. The object in sowing the rye. is 
to save fertility. As T have often tried 
how hard he worked to make it. There 
will be the test of true greatness for the 
woman in saying nothing about her neces¬ 
sary part and letting her husband claim 
full credit! I see all these things and 
many more now whenever I look at a fine 
lawn. Formerly I saw nothing but green 
grass. It is strange how sweat and expe¬ 
rience clarify what people call prophetic 
vision. Our lawn is not yet satisfactory. 
Farm Notes. —Merrill was somewhat 
inclined to think we ought to try more 
“Clark grass” until this lawn fitting got 
monotonous. He sees now what it must 
mean to prepare acres of land as we have 
fitted this piece. The working and grad¬ 
ing and stone raking required for several 
acres might well frighten the average man. 
When we think of Mr. Clark’s great grass 
yields on what was originally rough land 
we must understand the expense and time 
needed to fit the soil. After trying a small 
area we can easily see that a farmer with 
one team, perhaps one hired man and the 
average Fall work to do cannot handle 
acres in that way. Clark’s plan is right 
when it can be carried out, but with us 
for losing plant food. At that time or¬ 
ganic matter has given up much of its 
nitrogen. It is then soluble in water, and 
will be washed out of the soil if nothing 
is growing there. When the rye is seed¬ 
ed this growing crop will save most of 
this nitrogen by using it. While this 
plan means extra work I think it pays. 
Hired Man's Duties. —Here is a ques 
tion often asked, which, it seems to me, 
ought not to give trouble: 
I would be glad to know what are the duties 
of a hired man who works for the season 
and lives and boards with his employer, 
as far as Sunday chores are concerned? Is 
it not as much his duty to do his usual 
weekday chores on Sunday as on any other 
day in the week? i. M. p. 
New York. 
Personally I have not had much trouble 
either as hired man or employer. I sup¬ 
pose I have worked more or less for a 
dozen different farmers and employed 50 
different men and boys. It was always 
understood when I hired by the season 
that I was to do chores on Sunday as well 
as other days. I consider that a duty that 
goes with the job, and I think the custom 
is so well fixed that a court would con- 
some modification of it is moie pnifituble. s j ( j er j t p art G f t | ie con tract unless some 
... As for me, I shall sow but little A . a _ * _ t _ 
grass seed this Fall. I have become pretty 
well converted to the soiling crop system 
carried on at the New Jersey Experiment 
Station. It will give me more fodder, 
bedding and mulch than grass crops would, 
and evidently the time is at hand when 
I must have more mulch material for the 
trees. So, instead of seeding to grass I 
shall chop up the corn ground and sow rye 
and wheat—separately of course. This 
different arrangement was specified in 
writing. I was brought up to consider 
Sunday chores a regular part of the ob¬ 
servance of the day. If a hired man 
objects to such work he should say so 
before he begins and make a written con¬ 
tract. On a dairy or poultry farm caring 
for the stock is absolutely necessary, and 
constitutes a regular part of the job. I 
have come to learn that it does not pay 
to keep people about who are discontented. 
will be cut green for forage and followed If> in P s JJ ite P of fair treatment, they com- 
by Japanese millet oi coin, using mos o p ] a j n ant j s hirk I would let them go at al- 
our manure on the gram stubble. 1 do mQSt cost . In our country the labor 
not advise others to follow this plan, but unions in the towns are influencing farm 
for us I think it is best. In the orchard 
where we had cow peas and Kaffir corn a 
new growth has started. We tried the 
right lap Cutaway on it to see if that tool 
will take the place of the plow. Merrill 
got on the seat in order to give weight 
to the disks and dignity to the job, while 
Bob and Jerry got into harness. Thus 
guided and weighted the disks did a good 
job, and by going twice across and then 
up and down we shall be able to fit the sod 
well for small grain. Before doing so we 
expect to turn the sow and eight good- 
sized shotes into the orchard, and let them 
eat the green growth and fallen apples and 
root as they will for 10 days. That will 
make easier plowing and help the soil 
help. Hired men do not join the unions, 
but they demand more pay and shorter 
hours. I have known some strange en¬ 
counters between farmer and hired man. 
On one farm a hired man became dis¬ 
gruntled and did a lot of talking about the 
boss. The other men began to get the 
fever. One day the hired man grew a 
little bolder, and let out some of his talk 
in the field so the boss had to hear it. He 
was a prompt, decisive man, and some¬ 
thing like the following dialogue took 
place:: _ 
Boss: “How much do T owe you?” 
Hired Man : “About $15.” 
Boss: “Well, here’s your money. Now 
I" have C 's ai d, * * if o r ' u s this'plan "o'f growing we are equal You have done a lot of 
grain hay and following with other crops talking around here, but I can t fight with 
seems better than seeding permanently to a hired man. Now I have paid you off 
g rass and we are on the same ground. T boss 
■n ’ „ * this farm and you boss yourself. Now 
Pansy Culture . . P‘ y pull off your coat and fight if you want to, 
man to man!” 
The hired man looked at him a moment, 
and said: “I still believe I could whip you, 
but I’d rather go to work and finish the 
year.” 
He did, and was the best hand on the 
farm! This is not written as a model for 
the average farmer to follow. When I 
was teaching school a man in another dis¬ 
trict read somewhere that the way to con¬ 
quer a boy was to hand him the stick and 
tell him to strike! He tried it on the bad 
boy of his school, and got a thrashing that 
kept him in bed for a week! It’s just 
something to think over. H. w. c. 
seed is in the ground, but here comes an 
old friend from Ohio with further advice: 
In your notes recently you gave D. L. 
Hartman’s plan of raising pansy plants. I 
have been raising plants under glass for the 
last 30 years. I can freely say If the boys 
have never raised pansy plants they will 
not get enough to pay for the seed, if they 
follow that plan. It is all true that high- 
grade pansy seed is of low vitality. Com¬ 
mence with seed of greater vitality on a 
small scale at first, and learn the how. 
Soil is very important. The bed should be 
dug out at least 10 inches deep, tfhe top 
spade thrown to one side, the next wheeled 
away, the bottom covered with brick bats or 
cobble stone, the top spade mixed with 
manure thrown in the bottom. The remain¬ 
der with leaf mold mixed with fine manure. 
The bed or cold frame Is more than twice as 
S3 
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