73o 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
September 29, 
NOTES FROM THE RURAL GROUNDS 
Plum Notes.— While the plum is not 
of great commercial importance, except 
in restricted localities, it is a fruit highly 
appreciated for home use. Interest in its 
development does not abate, new varie¬ 
ties being constantly brought forward. 
Quite a number of the newer kinds have 
fruited on the Rural Grounds during the 
last five years, and we'are now able to 
form some estimate of their local value. 
Japan Varieties. —Of the various Ja¬ 
pan kinds tested we retain only Berger, 
Red June, Chabot and Normand. The 
first two are acceptable for their earli¬ 
ness, coming in before the middle of July. 
The round, dark red, cherry-like fruit of 
Berger drop as they ripen, but as gath¬ 
ered from clean, short-clipped grass have 
an excellent flavor, much like that of 
some European varieties. Red June is 
of very ordinary quality, but is a relia¬ 
ble cropper, and is seldom greatly injured 
by rot. Chabot and Normand are quite 
late, fruits of the latter hanging on until 
September. The large red plums are fair 
in quality when thoroughly ripened. Nor¬ 
mand bears good-sized shapely fruits, yel¬ 
low in color and of excellent quality. 
Our tree is inclined to bear well, and the 
plums resist rot better than most Japans. 
Abundance and Burbank have been dis¬ 
carded on account of susceptibility to 
rot. Ogon and other kinds are too poor 
in quality or not sufficiently productive 
to be worth growing. 
Native Sorts.— Plum varieties of na¬ 
tive origin are generally slow in bearing, 
and it requires extended observation to 
form true judgment of their value. Wild 
Goose is much liked, but the tree winter- 
kills here. Milton an,d Whitaker replace 
it very well. Both are hardy, prolific and 
good in quality, ripening in succession 
just before Wild Goose. Clifford is a 
seedling of the latter, received in 1901 
from T. V. Munson & Son, Denison, 
'1 exas. The tree is a vigo.rous grower, 
and has proved entirely hardy. .The 
plums are large for this type, pear-shaped 
rather than oblong, dark red in color, 
with sweet richly-flavored, meaty flesh. 
It ripens in late July. Nellie Blanche 
from H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa, is ap¬ 
parently a full-blooded Americana seed¬ 
ling. Fruits in natural size are shown in 
Fig. .307, page 72G. The tree is a strong, 
upright grower, and bears early, having 
produced three successive crops within 
six years after planting. The color is 
dark mottled red; flesh thick, meaty and 
of fine quality. Ripens about August 15. 
Cottie, from the same originator, bears 
large pale-yellow plums, freestone, dry 
and rich in flavor, ripening about Sep¬ 
tember 1. Very productive, but likely to 
crack in rainy weather. Klondyke is of 
southern origin, and bears profusely 
medium-sized yellow clingstone plums, 
ripening in early August. They are thin- 
skinned and rich in quality. Best of All 
and Newton were sent for trial by T. V. 
Munson & Son. The first is said to be a 
hybrid between Miner and Abundance, 
but shows little trace of Japan blood. 
Both are late ripening, dark red varieties 
of medium size and good quality. They 
extend the native plum season well into 
September. Wyant is the best in quality 
of all the natives we have fruited, but 
proves a shy bearer here. 
Hybrid Plums.— The hybrid class is 
now a large one. Most new varieties that 
reach us show evidence of cross-breed¬ 
ing. The combining of the Japan spe¬ 
cies with our native strains is a fasci¬ 
nating occupation to many breeders, and 
there is promise in the work, but thus 
far it does not appear that very great 
gains have been made. 
The Burbank Hybrids. —Many new 
plums have been sent out by the well- 
known California breeder, Luther Bur- 1 
bank, some of which have been tested in 
the Rural Grounds. Unfortunately for cul¬ 
tivation in this locality the characteristics 
of Primus Simoni, an Asiatic species that 
rarely thrives well in the Eastern States, 
largely predominates in this group. Some 
of the fruits are good, but trees of varie¬ 
ties carrying Simoni blood have generally 
turned out to be weak growers, easily 
winter-killed and subject to disease. They 
are not likely to be long-lived either on 
plum or peach roots, but sometimes make 
quite a spurt of growth when well fed 
and budded on the latter. Chaleo, Cli¬ 
max, Bartlett, October Purple, Wickson 
and Shiro are of this class, but the latter 
has the saving grace of an infusion of 
Myrobalan, which is taken to be an off¬ 
shoot of the Domestica plum, in its com¬ 
position, and is a better grower and more 
reliable bearer than the others. Shiro, 
when well grown, is a large, handsome 
bright-yellow clingstone plum, of rich 
quality, ripening in late August. It is 
quite subject to rot, and should be well 
thinned to bring out the best flavor. It 
appears very desirable for home-growing 
and ought to be accepted by markets not 
prejudiced against yellow plums. Climax 
bears a few very large plums of ordinary 
quality, but the tree is a miserable failure 
after a few years’ growth, the wood dying 
back about as fast as it is produced. The 
less said of the quality of Bartlett the 
better. No one cares to eat the fruits. 
The other varieties do not bear enough 
to mention. Combination is a new Bur¬ 
bank hybrid appearing also to have Myro¬ 
balan in its ancestry. The tree grows well, 
but winter-kills fo a considerable extent. 
The plums are medium in size, light pur¬ 
ple in color, ripen early, and have sweet, 
juicy flesh, clinging to a small stone. 
Where hardy it may be a useful kind. 
America is well known as a pure cross 
between a native and the Japan species. 
The tree is a fine, thrifty grower and 
highly productive. The plums are of fair 
size, good reddish yellow in color, only 
tolerable in quality, but taste better than 
might be expected when cooked. They 
would likely find a limited place in local 
markets. The variety is certainly worth 
planting for home trials. 
Sultan or Occident is another produc¬ 
tive variety with red-fleshed plums of 
poor eating quality, but excellent for can¬ 
ning. It is probably a Satsuma seedling 
and does not have the weakness of growth 
common to those having a parentage of 
Simoni. It keeps well, and is more than 
ordinarily resistant to rot. Apple is said 
to be as good or better, but our trees do 
not grow well. Burbank’s First is a pret¬ 
ty red and yellow plum ripening with 
Berger early in July. The tree grows 
well and is fairly productive, but the 
flavor of the small fruits is generally in¬ 
sipid. 
Other Hybrid Varieties.— Gonzales, 
raised in Texas 12 years ago, is a fine 
combination of the Japan and native 
types. 1 lie fruit shown in big. 306, page 
726, is a fair specimen. The flesh is red¬ 
dish in color and of very good flavor. 
'1 he stone is small and clings closely. The 
color of the ripe plum is bright vinous 
red, and the season mid-August. The 
tree is rather tender in wood, and ap¬ 
pears readily affected by oily insecticides 
used against scale. Were it not for this 
defect the variety would be most useful. 
Waugh, from J. W. Kerr, Denton, Md., 
was figured in The R. N.-Y. in 1902, but 
a portrait of a medium-sized fruit is again 
presented in Fig. 308. The parentage is 
Chabot and Wayland. In combination of 
size, quality of fruit and vigor of tree it 
appears the best hybrid between native 
and Japan types yet fruited here. The 
plums are showy red-purple when ripe, 
cling tenaciously to the tree, and keep 
well when picked. The flesh is rich in 
flavor, very juicy and sweet, but there is 
some acidity near the clingstone pit. It is 
by no means immune to rot, but possesses 
such marked good qualities that it may 
prove useful for near markets. It ripens 
in late August. 
Ames, from the Iowa Experiment Sta¬ 
tion, is claimed to be a cross between 
Primus Americana and P. triflora, the 
Japan species, but shows few traits of the 
latter. The tree is a slow grower, and 
subject to Monilia blight. The very nu¬ 
merous fruits, however, do not seem to 
be at all affected by rot. They ripen 
in early September, and hang well to the 
tree. The color is dark red, size rather ■ 
small, skin thick, flesh very sweet and 
pulpy. It is interesting, but has little 
value as grown here. 
Kelroba, Kelmyro and Kelbalan are 
hybrids between the Japan Kelsey and 
Myrobalan. All bear high-flavored red 
and yellow plums of good size, but are 
not sufficiently vigorous in tree for satis- 1 
factory cultivation. The first named is 
the most thrifty, and may turn out a good 
fancy amateur variety. Trees of the three 
kinds were furnished by J. W. Kerr, Den¬ 
ton, Md. w. v. F. 
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