784 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
October 20, 
AN OLD DAIRY QUESTION. 
I have at present a small dairy of grade 
Ayrshlres; they arc nearly all heifers and 
are good size and well jjrecl. Would they noi 
be all right for cream, or would it be advis¬ 
able to buy Jerseys? What machinery would 
be necessary besides a separator if the cream 
is bottled? About how much cream is taken 
from a 40-quart can of milk? Would it not 
be cheaper to buy the milk from nearby 
farmers at three cents per quart for the year 
and separate it, selling the cream for 50 
cents per quart, than to be at the expense of 
producing the milk myself? I have a private 
customer in New York who will take 80 
quarts of cream per day at price quoted above. 
H. W . E. 
There is no question but that the Ayr¬ 
shire is a first-class dairy cow. Yet un¬ 
less they are an unusually rich strain 
they will hardly give milk that will aver¬ 
age about four per cent fat. Fifty cents 
per quart is an unusually high price for 
cream at wholesale. It must mean two 
things. First, a very heavy cream, not 
less than 40 per cent butter fat, prob¬ 
ably more. To satisfy such trade (and 
I did not get 50 cents) I had to make it 
between 45 and 50 per cent. With four 
per cent milk this will require from 10 to 
12 cans of milk for a 40-quart can of 
cream. It must be a cream of good 
flavor, and made from milk so carefully 
handled that the bacteria content is low, 
so that it will keep from three to four 
days. It will be a day before it reaches 
the wholesaler, then another day before it 
is sold. Many people, who buy for family 
use, only buy every other day. Of course 
the quantity that would be kept so long 
will be small. But unless the cream will 
stand this test it will not satisfy the 
buyer. With Guernsey or Jersey milk 
testing five per cent fat, eight or more 
cows will make one can of cream. Yet it 
may be that the four per cent milk is 
cheaper than the five per cent. Nature 
does not usually go two ways at the same 
time. The richer the milk as a rule the 
smaller the flow. 
My advice would be to keep the Ayr- 
shires, and add to them some high grades, 
or if he can afford to buy good ones, pure¬ 
bred Guernseys; not that they are neces¬ 
sarily better than the Jerseys, but they 
give milk and cream of a high color, 
which pleases the eye of the buyer. I 
find that cream of a rich color will sat¬ 
isfy as well as or better than that which 
is thicker, but light colored. Four or five 
such cows will color the milk of 20. 
When competition has been sharp, I have 
several times been able to hold my trade 
because of the high color given to the 
cream by the Guernsey. 
If H. W. E. expects to sell 80 quarts 
of heavy cream a day he will require 18 
to 22 cans of milk. If he is situated so 
he can make it all himself, he will be 
able to control conditions, and so give a 
better article to Ins customer than he will 
be likely to get if he buys the milk, and 
there is good money in producing it at 
the price. On the other hand, if (like the 
writer) it is impracticable to produce it 
all lie can make a nice margin for han¬ 
dling, after paying three cents per quart. 
For this price by the year, he can de¬ 
mand good milk, not less than four per 
cent fat, from clean, well-fed cows, and 
delivered twice a day. This latter will 
be necessary, as cream will not keep if it 
has to be reheated before separation. 
As for machinery, first, a centrifugal 
separator, and a good one only, will skim 
a heavy cream, and leave no fat in the 
skim-milk. If he is to handle 20 cans of 
milk a day he will need a machine of not 
less than 1,000 pounds per hour capacity. 
I should advise a turbine v although it will 
cost more than one run with a belt. Then 
a four horse-power boiler will run the 
separator, and if he does not need to 
churn, he will need no engine. He will 
need the steam for cleaning and steriliz¬ 
ing cans, pails, bottles, etc. I find it nec¬ 
essary to wash and steam the cans of 
those from whom I buy milk, in order that 
they may be in proper condition to keep 
it. He may also need a bottle washer, 
unless the bottles are to be washed on the 
other end; also a box or oven in which 
to sterilize bottles and tinware. If the 
cream is to be shipped quickly after sep 
aration, an aerator will be needed. This 
will save ice in any case. If not more 
than 80 quarts arc to bo bottled daily it 
would hardly pay to buy a bottling ma¬ 
chine. A can with a faucet in the bottom 
will fill the bottles cheaply and rapidly. 
There will need to be some kind of a 
vat in which the cream can be set in ice 
water, for it must be reduced to 40 de¬ 
grees. At that temperature it will thicken 
and improve, and no bacterial life will 
develop. There will need to be cases to 
hold the bottles. Ip these the cream must 
be packed in ice before shipment. Usu¬ 
ally the wholesaler furnishes bottles and 
shipping cases. edward van alstyne. 
ANOTHER POLLED DURHAM STORY 
The first plan to produce Polled Uurhams 
was to begin with native mulleys, the best 
samples obtainable, red in color, and which 
in outward form nearest approach the Short¬ 
horn. They were bred to purebred registered 
Short-horn bulls, the hornless females saved 
only for breeders, and thus to the fifth gen¬ 
eration breeding constantly to purebred 
males, when it was claimed the pure Durham 
blood will have been reached. It is necessary 
to state that the foregoing refers exclusively 
to the early work done to establish an Amer¬ 
ican breed of hornless cattle having the color, 
contour and general characteristics of the 
Short-horn, beginning, as stated,, on the na¬ 
tive mulley cow as* a basis. But to avoid 
confusion it must be explained that there are 
two branches of Polled Durhams. Those re¬ 
ferred to are known as Single Standard. The 
other kind are called Double Standard, and 
are Short-horns pure and simple, and parents 
on both sides are recorded in the American 
Short-horn Herd Book. These last originat¬ 
ed as sports, or reversions. All horned 
breeds of cattle sometimes produce mulleys 
—a freak of nature. About 30 years a.go a 
Mr. King, of Minnesota, had a registered 
Short-horn cow that produced twin heifer 
calves that proved to be perfect mulleys. He 
called them Nellie and Mollie Gwynne. These 
were bred to a purebred Short-horn bull, and 
one of the heifers had a bull calf that was 
a mulley. Thus the foundation was laid for 
a herd, and the hornless feature fixed. Under 
the rules of the Polled Durham Breeders’ 
Association, they are eligible to entry in the 
Polled Durham Herd Book, and, being pure 
Short-herns, are equally eligible for record in 
the Short-horn Herd Book—hence the term 
Double Standard. ‘'Polled” means hornless, 
and “Durham” and “Short-horn” mean the 
same thing. Since the name Polled Durham 
sounds better than hornless Short-horns, they 
are named the former, and have, of course, 
no other than Short-horn blood in them, and 
are just as good as the horned, and we 
claim no better except the advantage of be¬ 
ing hornless. • J. s. denitam. 
Itocheport, Mo. 
New Bug Killers. —When insects increase 
so as to do great damage there is a rush 
among the inventdrs for some new spray or 
device for destroying the pests. This year 
the Rose bug has been very destructive. This 
insect is hard to kill, and we arc not sur¬ 
prised to read statements like the following, 
takeu from a local Michigan paper: “The 
doctor has worked upon the theory that 
the Rose bug is a sap-sucking pest, feeding 
from the Interior of the leaf instead of the 
exterior, and therefore unaffected by the 
usual methods of spraying. The only solu¬ 
tion, he thought, would be to find some spray¬ 
ing mixture which the bugs would eat in 
preference to the foliage. This he has done, 
imitating the taste of grapevine leaves, and 
experiments already conducted indicate that 
it is entirely successful. Considerable spray¬ 
ing has been done in his own vineyard and 
in others about Keeler, and in every instance 
the bugs were successfully killed. Speci¬ 
mens which were seen to alight upon freshly 
sprayed vines a few minutes later were found 
to be dead.” It does not seem possible to us 
that such a remedy will prove effective. 
INDRUROID 
ROOFING 
Requires no Coatiner or 
Paint. 
Acid and Alkali Proof. 
Elastic and Pliable 
Always. 
Strong and Tough. 
Absolutely Waterproof 
Climatic Changes Do Not 
Affect It. 
Practically Fire Proof. 
Can Be Used on Steep or 
Flat Surfaces. 
Any Workman Can Put 
It On. 
No Odor. 
Will not Shrink or Crack 
Light in Weight. 
Does not Taint Water. 
Write for samples, prices and 
circulars. 
H. F. WATSON CO. 
ERIE, PA. 
Chica: 
ention R.N. 
Boston. 
-Y. 
The Reason 
YoaDon’i 
\HaPeToPaint 
ROOFING 
j It’s all in the top surface. We could show you better if you had a 
sample in your hands. But the enlarged diagram of Amatite shows 
it pretty well. The mineral surface you see there takes the place 
of paint and coating. It makes that extra expense unneces¬ 
sary. It saves both time and money. 
^ Lay Amatite and that is the end of your roofing 
I troubles. When you lay the ordinary kinds, your 
AMATITE 
PITCH COMPOSITE 
I WOOL FELT 
[PITCH COMPOSITION! 
WOOL FELT 
ENLARGED SECTIONAL DIAGRAM 
roofing troubles begin. You have to paint or coat them every year or so. 
Their expense soon amounts to as much as the original cost of such roofings. 
JJJ Amatite costs less than the other kinds to buy, and it costs nothing what¬ 
ever to maintain. Amatite is the kind of roofing you want. The kind that 
I is naturally waterproof. Amatite does not have to hide under a coat of paint 
I in order to give good service. It is made to take the brunt of any kind 
of weather under any kind of conditions. 
(J Send for a Sample and examine the mineral surface for yourself. You 
will see at once that it is the only kind worth having. We will send a 
1 Sample free on request. Address nearest office of 
I BARRETT MANUFACTURING CO., Amatite Dept.^ 
New York, Chicago, Philadelphia, Cincinnati. Cleveland, Boston, 
Minneapolis, Kansas City, St. Louis. New Orleans, Allegheny. 
WARREN’S 
(WALRUS 
‘roofing 
Tongh and tight as a walrus 
hide, and just as pliable and 
lasting. Summer sun. winter 
ice, wen’t affect it. It can’t rust and won’t 
crack. Anybody can lay it. Send for sample. 
NO PAINTING REQUIRED 
on Arrow Brand 
Asphalt Ready 
Rooting. Can be 
easily laid, as 
the work only 
§111 
mm 
tne wora oniy . , 
consists of nailing and cementing joints. Send to 
Department 7 for Catalog G, prices and samples 
ASPHALT READY ROOFING CO. 
HO Pine Street New York City 
Beware of cheap imitations made from Tar. 
TRADE 
iMARK 
A Time-Tested Roofing 
Rex Flintkote Roofing is 
not something that you need 
try at a risk. It is made by a firm 
that has been in business since 1837 . 
It has been tested for its waterproof and 
fire-resisting qualities, for its durability and for 
its economy. We are in constant receipt of 
letters like the following: 
“The Rex Flintkote Roofing that we put on our sheds in 
1902 and 1903 is in good condition to-day, and after a new 
coating of paint this summer,We think they will be as good as 
new. We have one roof of'another brand that has always 
leaked and given us trouble, and we are going to replace it 
with Rex Flintkote. 
Yours truly, Haynes Brothers, Cadillac, Mich.” 
Beware of imitations. The “Look for the Boy” 
trade mark is the sure guide. If you do not know 
of a dealer who has th§ genuine, write us for 
the name-of one near you who does. 
FARM BUILDINGS. 
N.P. LAWRENCE, NEBRASKA 
COVERED WITH REX FLINTKOTE 
Sgfei. 
ROOFING, 
Sample of the roofing and booklet of roofing points 
sent free. We make a red paint for an artistic A 
Rex Flintkote roof, where looks count. 
J. A. & W. BIRD & CO. 
TOlndia St., Boston, Mass. 
Agents Everywhere. 
> v :* 
Z 
W 
1 
FIRE PROOF 
WATER PROOF 
RUST PROOF 
ROT PROOF 
That’s the kind of a roof we 
sell, and that’s the kind of a 
roof you want—will stand up 
in any climate, and is complete 
without painting. There are a num¬ 
ber of good reasons 
why Flint Coated 
m 
is better than tin, 
iron, slate, paper, 
tar or gravel. Our new ^ 
illustrated booklet explains 
all ot tnem and will be the means of saving 
you money. In order to show you how 
good Lincoln Flint Coated Roofing is we 
will be glad to send you samples of dif¬ 
ferent kinds. Write for them today. 
LINCOLN WATERPROOF CLOTH CO. 
702 Church St., Bound Brook, N. J. 
IK' ! 
m\m 
nt-lli 
I ! 
