812 
FARMERS CLUB 
| Every query must be accompanied by 
the name and address of the writer to in¬ 
sure attention. Before asking a question, 
please see whether it is not answered in 
our advertising columns. Ask only a few 
questions at one time. Put questions on a 
separate piece of paper.] 
Pigeon Manure on Asparagus. 
8. J.. Matawan, .V. —Is pigeon manure 
desirable for asparagus? Should it bo used 
in Spring or Fail? 
Ans. —Pigeon droppings is one of the 
strongest manures made from either do¬ 
mestic fowls or animals, and should be 
used with caution. We have used a great 
deal of it, and the best results can be ob¬ 
tained by keeping it dry in a shed or 
other outbuildings. During the Winter 
it should be mixed several times with fine 
garden soil, using about three parts soil 
to one of the manure. In this way it can 
be worked up fine to the consistency of 
poudrette, and can be used to excellent 
advantage on all garden and farm crops, 
and it can be distributed on the asparagus 
rows and worked in the soil with very 
effective and lasting results. 
T. M. WHITE. 
Rotting Horse Manure. 
E. IF. B., Westfield, N. J .—What is the 
best way to rot horse manure which has a 
good deal of straw with it? Should it be 
turned every two or three weeks, and where 
it burns much is its strength lost through 
this burning? 
Ans. —Throw the manure into piles not 
over four feet high, the size depending 
upon the amount of manure. Keep the 
pile thoroughly stamped down hard. Do 
not let it become loose. Keep the top 
dish-shaped, so as to hold rain water, and 
if possible throw or pump the manure 
liquids over the pile. Once in six weeks 
is often enough to fork the pile over— 
stamp it dowji Hard again. The burning 
or “firefanging” is caused by drying out 
the pile. To prevent it keep the pile moist 
if need be by pouring water on top. Part 
of the nitrogen is lost when the manure 
“fircfangs.” 
Firefanged Horse Manure. 
B. J/. S., Stull, Pa .—I notice you say that 
the horse manure fircfangs more with saw¬ 
dust than without. How is it with horse 
manure used in the cow stable as an ab¬ 
sorbent? Will the horse manure and cow 
manure mixed together firefang? I keep 
three horses and live cows, have sawdust 
for bedding, and would use the manure from 
the horse stable in the cow stable if the 
mass would not firefang. 
Ans. —What we call “firefanging” re¬ 
sults when too much moisture is driven 
off and the manure becomes too dry. 
Horse manure dries out quicker than cow 
manure, owing to its peculiar shape. It 
is a good plan to mix the two together. 
The mixture is not so likely to firefang 
as the horse manure alone. The horse ma¬ 
nure is often used to absorb the liquids 
back of the cows, and does it quite well. 
Firefanging can usually be prevented by 
making the manure pile dish-shaped if 
kept outdoors. Water forms in this dish 
and soaks down through the pile. There 
are cases where the manure pile is made 
above a cement cistern. The liquids run 
into this cistern and are pumped up and 
soaked into the pile. 
Questions About Cow Peas. 
J. L. If. Leesburg Va .—About bow long 
docs it take cow peas to get their growth? 
When they are turned under for soil improve¬ 
ment, at what time is it done to get the 
best results from the peas, after they begin 
to ripen or just before? If the ground 
continues wet so that the peas are neither 
cut nor turned under at the proper time, 
and they become overripe, are they any good 
for hay, or, on the other hand, are they 
as much good as a soil improver? 
Ans. —The time required for cow peas 
to mature varies with the variety the same 
as with corn. The earliest varieties with 
favorable weather will often form seed 
in 75 days or less, while the later varieties 
require four months or more. We prefer 
to wait until the seeds are well ripened 
before turning the crop under. For hay 
the cow pea vines are best when cut while 
the seeds are soft, or when the pods are 
about like string beans. The over-ripe 
vines make a fair fodder, just as the bean 
TlILi RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
November 3, 
vines from the separators in Sections 
where beans are a commercial crop make 
a good feed for sheep. These ripened 
vines when plowed under improve the soil. 
We have also left them as they grew, 
without plowing over Winter and obtained 
surprising results. 
Broad Beans; Sea Kale; Globe Artichokes. 
P. B. C., Catonsville, Md .—I tried some 
English broad beans (or Erfurt beans) this 
Spring. They were sowed with early peas. 
They came up all right and blossomed freely, 
but about nine-tenths of the blos'soms failed 
to set any pods. They were planted on a 
well-drained hillside with a southern ex¬ 
posure. only fairly rich soil. What was the 
trouble? I also tried some sea kale. It 
was sown in the greenhouse and afterward 
transferred to a hotbed, but from some, to 
me, unknown cause, it wilted and finally 
died. What conditions suit it when sown 
in the Spring? May it be sown on the open 
ground in the Fall? If so at what time 
and how should it be treated to carry it 
through the Winter? May globe artichokes- 
be sown in the Fall? If so at what time, 
and should they be covered during Winter? 
We are located just west of Baltimore at 
an altitude of 475 feet above sea level. 
Ans. —The English broad bean is a 
species of vetch and not a bean. It does 
not thrive well in this country, and sel¬ 
dom produces full crops, but is a great 
favorite in Europe. By planting several 
years in succession in the same position 
the soil appears to become infected with 
a germ congenial to the plant and it will 
thrive better than when planted in new 
soil. It should always have a warm, 
well-drained position. Sea kale is usual¬ 
ly grown from seeds planted in early 
Spring, in a seed bed in the garden. 
The young plants do not transplant well 
while growing, and should not be moved 
until early next Spring, when they may 
be transplanted in a permanent position, 
giving them about the same space and 
culture as ordinary rhubarb. They are 
seldom strong enough for cutting until 
the third year, when the growth may be 
blanched by piling old manure or litter 
over them to the depth of two or three 
feet in early Spring. Artichoke seeds are 
best sown in early Spring in a seed bed 
and the plants transplanted the second 
Spring into a permanent position. They 
are not very hardy, and probably require 
some Winter covering even in vour 
southern locality. Good plants should 
produce edible heads for three or four 
years after bearing. 
Review of Burbank’s Work, by Pat¬ 
rick O’Mara, 11 pages. The astonishing 
effort of Luther Burbank’s admirers to 
pitch him, neck and crop, into the hall of 
fame, before, we hope, he has half com¬ 
pleted his work as a plant breeder, has 
naturally caused closer scrutiny of his 
productions than would have been other¬ 
wise likely. The adulation lavished on 
Burbank has been so extravagant -that the 
non-horticultural public has been led to 
believe his plant novelties in merit are 
above and beyond anything before pro¬ 
duced by merely mortal man. Plant 
growers, however, have long realized that 
those given to the public average about 
like those sent out by other originators— 
good, bad and indifferent—and that few 
of the good ones can be successfully grown 
away from the peculiar climate of Cali¬ 
fornia, in which they were bred. Mr. 
Patrick O’Mara, the lifelong plant expert 
of Peter Henderson & Co., New York, is 
familiar with Burbank’s productions from 
the first potato to the last sensational 
“fadeless flower” or overgrown Dahlia. 
He has visited Burbank’s experimental 
To Introdnr« onr patented pumps In every 
couii.y,\\o wiU &eud one pump 
to the first to write accepting our 
Special Offer. Write to-day. 
AWooden Pumpmade 
Of Iron. Just remove f mcrum 
and handle to remove suck- 
leather. Stock made of steel, base 
adjustable, brass drain cock prevents 
freezing. Guaranteed, 
Ail repairs done quickly above ground. 
PRUNING SHEARS "Williams” Pump Co. 409 Harmon St, Indianapolis, Ini 
Will Snip a Broom Handle. SPRAY PUMP 
That {jives yon an idea of the strength 
and quality of the prnner. Wiss Pruning 
Shears will outlast a dozen ordinary ones. 
They will cut tissue paper. That shows 
how nicely they are adjusted. 
Nurserymen and growers of fine trees 
use them in preference to all other shears 
—they will cut clean the thickest twigs or 
delicate tendrils without tearing. 
'' iss dealers will replace free of charge any shears 
returned defective or unsatisfactory. 
All parts are interchangeable. If any part (say 
the blade) becomes worn, it can be replaced, thus 
making the shears as good as new at a slight, cost. 
Made in Three Sizes: 9 In. S2.25; 10 In. S2.50; W in. SI.75. 
Extra blades, 50c. each. For sale by all dealers. 
J. WISS & SONS CO., 15*33 Littleton Avenue, 
NEWARK Ni J. 
ELY’S 
Dandy Hay Knife 
will do the work of an extra man, 
thereby saving more than Its cost 
in one day. Can be used for cutting 
sod from ditches. Made of malle¬ 
able iron and steel, with oil-tem¬ 
pered steel knives. Combination 
hand and foot power makes it easy 
to work. Insist on having Ely’s 
because it has many. Important 
advantages over other kinds. 
If vour dealer doesn’t keep them, write 
us and we’ll see that you get one. Write 
to-day for free catalogue. 
J. ELY MFG. CO., Girard, Pa. 
reasonable. This adv. will not appear again: write 
now. Marybrook Orchards, Fannettsburg, Pa. 
SAN JOSE SCALE 
and other INSECTS killed 
GOODS 
Caustic Potash Whale-Oil Soap No. 3 
Endorsed by U. S. Dept, of Agri. and State Kxpe. iment 
Stations. This soap is a Eeriilizer ns well us an Insecti¬ 
cide. 60-lb. kegs. $2.50; 100-lb. kegs. $4.:0: hajf barrel, 
270 lb.,3^c per b; barrel.425 lb ,3Hc. Send for booklet 
JA MES GOOI), Original Maker, 
059-41 N. Front Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 
KIL=@=SCALE 
The original, moat popular and moBt effective SCALE DE9TROYF.lt 
on the market. KIL-O-SCALE combines the two infallible 
remedies— SULPHUR AM) PETROLEUM. Beware of Oil Solution, 
that will SEPARATE, endangering the life of the tree. Do not be 
pei-anaded to buy inferior Imltntlona. Write for circular, telling 
« bat nsera have to say about KIL-O-SCALE. Our 190T Seed and 
Implement Catalogue free. Write for ft. 
GRIFFITH A- TERSER CO., 209 N. Pnca Street, Baltimore, M<1. 
'“^"scALECiDraii 1 ;, 
If YOU will guarantee to cover the 
SAN JOSE SCALE, 
WE will guarantee to kill it without injury to the 
tree. Can we do any more? Yes, lowest cost. Price 
In bbls., r.0e, per gal.; 10 gal. cans, $0: h gal. cana, $0.2:. .1 gal.rana, 
$1, L o. b. N, Y. One gal. makes 21 gala, epray by simply adding 
water. For particulars and circular, address Dept. A, 
B. G. PRATT CO., 11 Broadway, New York. 
MACHINERY 
O IDE 
Best and cheapest, 
Send for catalogue 
BOOMER & BOSCHERT 
PRESS CO., 
118 West Water 8t., 
SYRACUSE, Y. 
No. 2 Multi¬ 
ple Conduit. 
BUILDING 
for houses, barns and farm 
buildings of every description. 
Stands greater 
weight, and is 
cheaper than 
brick, stone or 
cement. Send 
for estimates. 
Samples sent 
free. Freight 
prepaid. 
Sold only 
car loads. 
Write 
H. B. Camp Co. 
Bessemer Bldg. 
PITTSBURG, PENN 
HONEST COODS 
JOSIAH YOUNG’S 
Fall catalogue of Bulbs, Roses and 
Hardy Stocks now ready for mailing. 
SENT FREE 
JOSIA1I YOUNG, SfGrand 8t. Troy, N.Y. 
HONEST PRICES 
FRUIT TRFK al! kinds Cheap. Catalog C roa 
■**111 I I IlLLO Freight Paid. AGENTS WANTED. I ICC 
SPECIAL, PRICE ON ALL EARLY ORDERS 
MITCHELL’S NURSERY. Beverly, O. 
FRUIT TREES AND PLANTS 
name. High¬ 
est quality, guaranteed to live.. Materially less 
than agent's price. Illustrated Catalogue Free. 
CHATTANOOGA NURSERIES, - - Chattanooga, Tenn. 
& SMALL FRUITS 
Highest grade. 
A Guaranteed to live. 
rwliTi T ” 7, ". " " — ^ True to name. 
One third agents' prices. Illustrated catalogue free. 
HIGHLAND NURSERIES, ROCHESTER, N.Y. 
Buy a machine that does the 
work right—that cleans its strainer 
automatically with a brush, mixes liquid 
mechanically so that foliage is never 
burned, but gets its due proportion. 
EMPIRE KING, and 
ORCHARD MONARCH 
do these tilings. They throw finest spray, 
are easiest to work and they never elog. 
You ought to know more about them. Write 
for instruction book on spraying, formulas, 
etc. Mailed free. 
FIELD FORCE PUMP CO., .No. 2 11th St.,Elmira, N.Y. 1 
GET THE BEST 
A Good Spray Pump earns big 
profits and lasts for years. 
THE ECLIPSE 
is a good pump. As 
practical fruit growers 
we are using common 
sprayers in our own orchards 
■—found their defects and 
invented the Eclipse. Its 
success forced us to manu¬ 
facturing on a large scale. 
You take no chances. We 
have done all the experi¬ 
menting. Large fully illustrated Catalog and 
Treatise on spraying FREE. 
MORRILL & M0RLEY, Benton Harbor, Micb. 
A PPI C PARPP Q Three factories. Capacitj 
“I i LL UnmlLLO 10.000 per day. Low price, 
prompt shipment. R. GILLIES, Medina. N. V. 
SEND FOR 1907 LIST ■ Athenia, N. J. 
FOR SALE "-™ 11 ^* over ® ee< ^’ pcrliu. 
FRUITTREES 
One third at'ents’ r»rif*Ao liinotr.jmi 
NURSERY STOCK. 
A FULL LIVE OF 
FRUIT TREES, BERRY PUNTS, 
and General Nursery Stock. Catalogue Free. 
JOS. H. BLACK, SON & CO., Hightst’own, N. J. 
FARMETIS, Grow 
C A T A L F» A 
JOSEPH 
Timothy Seed $1.75 and $2 per bu. 
E. HOLLAND. Milford. Del. 
PRES, WILDER 
CURRANT BUSHES. One 
year old for sale. Fine healthy 
stock. VALI.EY VIEW FRUIT FARM, 
C.G. Velio & Son, Props. Marlborough, N. Y. 
k TREES are famous 
’wherever planted; are planted 
,, everywhere trees are grown. Free 
-v- Catalog of superb fruits—Black Ben, 
King David, Delicious, etc.—Stark Bro’s, Louisiana, Mo. 
APPLE TREES , 
Nothing But Apple Trees. 
The Safest and BEST Apple 
Trees in the World. 
We offer nearly lOU.OOU thrifty one and 
two year old apple tree**, all bred from 
selected bearing parents. Every tree 
our own growing. 
ROGERS ON THE HI LX, 
Apple Breeders, Dansville, N. Y. 
grounds and has been in touch with the 
California breeder from his earliest ad¬ 
vent. Mr. O’Mara has his own estimate 
of Burbank, based on this thorough 
knowledge, and was invited to express 
his views at a meeting of distinguished 
scientists and horticulturists. The ad¬ 
dress is printed in full in the eleven-page 
pamphlet here noted. Burbank’s claim lo 
superhuman skill is combated, his produc¬ 
tions reviewed and brief comparison made 
to other successful breeders whose work 
has been entirely ignored by Burbank’s 
exploiters. It is most easy, interesting 
and instructive reading. 
For the land’s sake- use Bowker’s Fer¬ 
tilizers, They enrich the earth,— 4dv- 
TREES, FOR POSTS and TELEPHONE POLES. 
Let me tell you about the 50,000 I have growing. 
J here is more money in it than ordinary farming. 
H. C. ROGERS, Box 11, MECHANICSBURG, OHIO 
Fruit and Ornamental Trees, 
and a General Line of Nursery Stock 
WE SHIP TO 
ALL PARTS OF THE WORLD 
Fifty Years in Business. 
Catalog on application. 
P. J. BERCKMANS CO. (Inc.) 
Fruitland Nurseries, 
liiota Aurea Nana. Est. 1856. Augusta, Ga. 
Are You Interested in 
APPLE TREES, 
PEACH TREES, 
CALIFORNIA PRIVET, 
or anything in the line of Nursery Stock, if so, we 
ask you to send for our FREE 48 page illustrated 
catalogue. Our stock of trees and plants is large 
and fine. Write to us. Address, 
THE STEPHEN HOYT’S SONS CO., 
New Canaan, Connecticut. 
FOR FALL PLANTING. 
We offer the FINEST and LARGEST assortment of 
Nursery Stock we have ever handled All the best varie¬ 
ties of FRUITS and ORNAMENTALS that are healthy 
, . and native grown. HAlso have a fine line of selected large 
stock in ORNAMJGNTAXS and LRI'ITS which will give results at once and sure to live. Let us give 
you a price on your wants before ordering elsewhere. «!We do LANDSCAPE GARDENING in all its 
branches, 1! Write to-day for our FREE illustrated catalogue. T. J. DWYER & CO., Box 1, Cornwall, N. Y, 
