832 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
November 10, 
FARMERS’ CLUB 
[Every query must be accompanied by 
the name and address of the writer to in¬ 
sure attention. Before asking a question, 
please see whether It is not answered in 
our advertising columns. Ask only a few 
questions at one time. Put questions on a 
separate piece of paper.] 
A WHEELED GRADER. 
The engraving shows a picture taken 
from Farmers’ Bulletin No. 263 on irri¬ 
gation. The bulletin thus describes the 
grader: 
“It consists of an oak frame attached to 
three low metal wheels and two steel-shod 
wooden runners. The cutting blade is 
514 feet long, 20 inches wide, and curved. 
The blade is raised or lowered by means 
of a hand wheel, and when a load has 
been collected by cutting off the knolls the 
machine is locked by the foot of the 
teamster and driven to the nearest low 
place, where it may be dumped in a heap 
or scattered out in a thin layer. It takes 
two horses to pull it in loose, granular 
soil, but three and occasionally four may 
be required in firm, hard soil. The cost 
is about $40.”._ 
A Fertilizer from Muck. 
O. TF. It. North East, Pa —On page 727 
I saw an article treating on muck as a fer¬ 
tilizer, and the writer gives the analysis 
as 64 pounds nitrogen and nine pounds phos¬ 
phoric acid, two pounds potash, but says 
that the 64 pounds of nitrogen is not avail¬ 
able. How can I use it and make a com¬ 
plete fertilizer of it? Can I do it by burn¬ 
ing the muck with lime and use land plaster 
with it for a body, and buy my potash, and 
do my own mixing? I have the muck and 
have used a great deal of it in connection 
with lime and plaster. 
Ans.— You will probably be disappoint¬ 
ed in trying to make a cheap fertilizer 
out of muck. Burning it would not do, 
because you would drive off all the nitro¬ 
gen in this way. When you burn muck 
or wood or any other combustible mate¬ 
rial thoroughly you leave nothing but the 
ash, which represents the minerals from 
the soil. Nitrogen is a gas, like those 
which compose steam or water. In burn¬ 
ing the nitrogen is driven off into the air, 
and is lost to crops. If you burned a ton 
of the muck you would have only the two 
pounds of potash and nine pounds of 
phosphoric acid, and a very small amount 
of lime. The only way that we know of to 
make muck useful for plant food is to rot 
it thoroughly in a compost. This is done 
by piling it in a well-drained place where 
it will dry out. Then mix it in piles with 
some manure or other refuse that will rot 
easily. The object is to start a fermen¬ 
tation in the pile. Lime helps this and 
can be scattered through the piles as it is 
built up. In making a compost of any 
kind care must be taken to keep it 
stamped down hard, for if left loose so 
that the air moves freely through it much 
of the nitrogen may be lost. We do not 
consider it safe to depend upon muck en¬ 
tirely for the supply of nitrogen. We 
would rot it thoroughly and broadcast like 
manure, and use fertilizer with it. 
Raspberries, Blackberries and Rhubarb. 
E. A. T., Meridale, N. Y.—When is the 
best time to set out a raspberry bed, and 
the best way to do it, and also the same 
with blackberries? When and how is the 
best time to get and set out rhubarb, and 
how is the best way? The Winters here 
are long and severe. 
Ans. — Raspberries, blackberries and 
rhubarb are best set in early Spring as 
soon as the soil can be put in good con¬ 
dition. Black raspberries propagate by 
tips of young canes bending over and 
striking roots in the ground. These 
tips may be procured from any reliable 
nurseryman, and should be set in early 
Spring in well-worked soil of good fer¬ 
tility in rows, at least, seven feet apart. 
spacing the plants three feet apart in the 
rows. The roots should be carefully 
spread out and the soil well firmed above 
them, covering the bud or growing point 
about one inch deep. When up they 
should be very thoroughly cultivated and 
kept free from weeds throughout the 
season. Young canes will form and may 
bear a little fruit the coming year, but it 
it not until the third or fourth year that 
a full crop may be expected. Red rasp¬ 
berries come in the form of rooted 
suckers and should be set the same dis¬ 
tance apart and treated in about the same 
manner as the black raspberries. Black¬ 
berries arc propagated by means of root 
cuttings or suckers from the parent plant. 
They should be well rooted and may be 
set in the Spring in the same way as 
raspberries, the rows the same distance 
apart, but the plants should be set at 
least four feet apart in the rows. 
Culture and treatment is about the same 
as for raspberries. 
In planting rhubarb it is usual to use 
divisions of the crown of old plants, as 
seedlings do not come true to type. They 
may be set in rows four feet apart and 
plants three feet apart in the rows. The 
soil should preferably be made very rich 
before the plants are set. and should 
always be thoroughly cultivated and 
heavily manured each season. A small 
crop may be expected the second year, 
and a full one the year following. Well- 
established plants are good for about 15 
years, after which they begin to decline. 
Steamed Bone. —Edmund Hersey, in a 
bulletin of the Bussey Institute, describes 
an experiment conducted 20 years ago to 
learn how to fertilize a piece of fine sandy 
loam soil. He laid out different plots, and 
used manure, bone, potash and nitrate of 
soda alone and in combination, carefully 
measuring or weighing the crop, which 
was corn. It was found that fine ground 
bone gave the best yield, and satisfied 
that this was what the soil needed, Mr. 
Hersey put up a plant for steaming and 
crushing bones, buying what he could ob¬ 
tain in the neighborhood. The results 
were very satisfactory. He has kept up 
the use of ground bone with the addition 
of small quantities of potash, though his 
soil does not seem in great need of the 
latter. There are still some localities 
where it would pay a farmer to set up 
a steaming tank and crusher, and buy bone 
from local sources. That plan was once 
quite common in New England. As a 
boy we have gathered many a bushel of 
bones for sale. 
GET THE BEST 
A Good Spray Pump earns big 
profits and lasts for years. 
THE ECLIPSE 
is a good pump. As 
»practical fruit growers 
we are using common 
sprayers in our own orchards 
-—found their defects and 
invented the Eclipse. Its 
success forced us to manu¬ 
facturing on a large scale. 
You take no chances. We 
have done all the experi¬ 
menting. Large fully illustrated Catalog and 
Treatise on spraying FREE. 
MORRILL & MORLEY, Benton Harbor, Mich. 
KIL=®=SCALE 
The original, moat popular and most effective SCALE DESTROYER 
on the market. KIL-O-SCALE combines tho two infallible 
remedies—SULPHUR AND PETROLEUM. Beware of Oil Solutions 
that will SEPARATE, endangering the life of tho tree. Do not be 
persuaded to buy inferior imitations Write for circular, telling 
what users have to say about KIL-O-SCALE. Our 1907 Seed and 
Implement Catalogue free. Write for It. 
GRIFFITH & TURNER CO„ 209 N. Paea Street, Baltimore, Md. 
SAN JOSE SCALE 
KILLER 
Tho best and simplest remedy for this and 
other pests is Kil-o-Scale— ready for use 
by simply mixing with water. We also have 
the best Spray Outfits. Send for catalog. 
HENRY A. DREER, Philadelphia, Pa. 
City Water Service in your Farm Home 
A satisfactory water supply makes life on the farm worth living. Tt is now possible to have a 
supply equal to that offered by a city water works system. You may have plenty of water deliv¬ 
ered under strong pressure to your bath room, kitchen, laundry, barn anywhere. 'I his service 
is yours if you install The Kewanec Waier System, # 
Here’s how it works! A Kewanee air-tight, steel tank is placed in the cellar or underground. 
Water is pumped into this tank from well, cistern, stream or lake. The air in the tank has no 
escape and is compressed by the water. This air pressure forces the water to the faucets and 
hydrants. No attic tank to leak and flood the house; no elevated tank to freeze, flow over or 
collapse. 
The above illustration shows home of Mr. H. I. Spafford of North Bennington, Vt. who writes: 
" Your Kewanee Outfit does all you claim for it and more too. 
It furnishes plenty of water for bath room , lawn, kitchen and 
fire protection. It is perfectly satisfactory." 
Over five thousand Kewanee Outfits now in successful operation. Every outfit guaran¬ 
teed to rive perfect service. Write for catalog No. 47which explains everything and tells where 
outfits may be found in your state. It’s free if you mention this paper. 
Kewanee Water Supply Co. Drawer WW Kewanee, Ill. 
WHY NOT BUY AT WHOLESALE PRICES ? 
mm buys this entirely 
ML J W M I* new, big, handsome 
O V g heater made for 
~ coal or wood. Has 
every up - to - date improvement 
with all modern appliances 
and a full outfitof handsome 
nickel trimmings. Has largo 
ash pit. swing doors, screw 
draft register and ash pan. 
Strong and roomy fire pot, 
body of heavy steel. Largo 
front feed door. Handsome 
swing cover and urn on top. 
WE GUARANTEE EACH 
STOVE TO REACH YOU 
SAFELY, FREE FROM 
BREAKAGE OR DAM¬ 
AGE OF ANY KIND. 
This heater is worth fully 
$6.00, but we will send it 
to you anytime within 30 
days for $3.25. 
GET OUR BIG NEW 
CATALOG AND SAVE SO 
PER CENT. ON YOUR 
CHRISTMAS PRESENTS. 
Our New Catalogue No. 91 
gives prices anti pictures of 
over 30,000 things that most 
families need for use or comfort and is full of Holiday Sugges¬ 
tions from cover to cover. 
It contains a larger variety of labor-saving, money-saving 
articles at lower prices than heretofore shown in any catalogue 
ever published. 
This up-to-date Buyers Guide contains everything you can 
possibly need for the Home, Farm and Shop. Opposite each 
article in the catalogue is the low price at which we sell it; 
the low est price for which it can bo bought in any store iu any 
city, big or little, in this, or any country on the Globe. You 
will spend hours of interest over its pages: yon will marvel 
at the wonderful variety all complete in one big book. It 
makes buying pleasant as well as profitable. This catalogue 
costs us $1.00 to print, but we will send it to you postpaid, 
FREE OF CHARGE. 
WRITE FOR IT TO-DAY. 
We will send you our Premium List, containing one hundred 
valuable and useful premiums given away free. Also our 
Grocery List, alio wiug how you can save Lj your livingexpenae. 
WE SELL RELIABLE GOODS ONLY. 
Buy of us and secure Best Goods at Lowest Prices ; Prompt 
Shipments, Low Freight and Express Kates and a SQUARE 
DEAL every time. 
We guarantee satisfaction or refund your money. 
WHITE, VAN GLAHN & CO. 
19 CHATHAM Sqt'ARE. Established 1S16. NKW YORK CITY. 
The Oldest Mail Order House in America. 
HONEST GOODS 
Josiah Young’s 
Fall Catalog of 
Bulbs, 
Roses and 
Hardy Stocks 
Is now ready for mailing 
Sent Free 
JOSIAH YOUNG, Z1 Grand St.. Trot, N. Y. 
■■HONEST PRICES _ 
—A Money=maker— 
Fresh Rhubarb for Pies and Sauce. I supply 
roots and show you a simple way to grow it this winter, 
without light, almost without care, down in your cellai— 
fresh, tender, and red. You can get good prices from 
your neighbors, friends, and stores for this new winter 
delicacy. Makes delicious pies and sauce. 
Order now. Clumps ready for growing. 12 for $2j 25 
for $3.50; 60 for 100 for $12. 
STOKES’ SEED STORE, 21 q>Sipifia reet ’ 
Biota Anrea Nana. 
Fruit and Ornamental Trees, 
and a General Line of Nursery Stock 
WE SHIP TO 
ALL PARTS OF THE WORLD 
Fifty Years in Business. 
Catalog on application. 
P. J. BERCKMANS CO. (Inc.) 
Fruitland Nurseries, 
Est. 1856. Augusta, Ga. 
FRUIT TREES Freight Paid. AGENTS (vantIkik Free 
SPECIAL PRICE ON ALL EARLY ORDERS 
MITCHELL’S NURSERY. Beverly, O. 
FRUIT TREES AND PLANTS 
est quality, guaranteed to live. Materially less 
than agent’s price. Illustrated Catalogue Free. 
CHATTANOOGA NURSERIES, - - Chattanooga, Tenn. 
NURSERY STOCK. 
A FULL LINE OF 
FRUIT TREES, BERRY PLANTS, 
and General Nursery Stock. Catalogue Free. 
JOS. H. BLACK, SON & CO., Hightstown, N. J. 
SEND FOR 1907 LIST. 
Kevitt Plant Farm, 
Athenia, N. J. 
Trees Worth 
Planting 
Bred up strong, smooth, 
healthy, strong rooted. Not 
ordinary trees, but finest 
that can be grown. Try 
HARRISON'S 
NURSERY 
stock. Planting the choicest pays in the long 
run. Our prices no higher than you pay for 
average trees. Apple, Peach, Pear. Plum, Shade 
Trees—Grapes, Strawberries, etc. Over 1,000 
acres. Write for fall of 1906 catalogue today. 
HARRISON S NURSERIES. Box 29, BERLIN, MD. 
FiLXlMETiS, G-row 
C A T A 1. P A 
TREES, FOR POSTS and TELEPHONE POLES. 
Let me tell you about the 50,000 I have growing. 
There is more money in it than ordinary farming. 
H.C. ROGERS, Box tl, MECHANICSBURG, OHIO 
rn[) QA| C—Crimson Clover Seed, $4.50perhn 
rUH OHLL Timothy Seed $1.75 and $2 per bit 
JOSEPH E. HOLLAND, Milford, Del. 
ADDIE D ADD Cl Q Three factories. Capacity 
MllLL DHnriLLij 10.000 per day. Low price 
prompt shipment, R. GILLIES, Medina. N. Y. 
, TREES ARE FAMOUS 
wherever planted; are planted 
, r everywhere trees are grown. Free 
Catalog of superb fruits—Black Ben. 
King David, Delicious, etc.-StarkBro’s, Louisiana. Mo. 
APPLE TREES, 
Nothing But Apple Trees. 
The Safest and BEST Apple 
Trees in the World. 
Wo oiler nearly 100,000 thrifty one and 
two year old apple trees, all bred from 
selected bearing parents. Every tree 
our own growing. 
ROGERS ON THE HILL, 
Apple Breeders, Dansville, N. V. 
Are You Interested in 
APPLE TREES, 
PEACH TREES, 
CALIFORNIA PRIVET, 
or anything in the liueof Nursery Stock, if so, we 
ask you to send for our FREE 48 page illustrated 
catalogue. Our stock of trees and plants is large 
and fine. W T rite to us. Address, 
THE STEPHEN HOYT’S SONS CO., 
New Canaan, Connecticut. 
Don’t Neglect 
Fall Spraying 
“SCALECIDE 
f ^Fall Spray- 
ing is Best 
W1L DESTROY ELY SAN JOSE, COTTONY MAPLE SCALE, PEAR PSYLLA. Etc. 
Without Injury to the Trees. Samples, Frices and Endorsement of Experiment Stations on Application. 
T * 8 O’, gp., D«pt, A, JSroaciwfty, NKW TQRJS; CITX, 
