100«. 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER, 
833 
THE POWER OF GASOLINE ENGINES 
There is some confusion as to the power 
that a gasoline engine will develop as com¬ 
pared with a steam engine. I)o we under¬ 
stand that a horse power claimed for gaso¬ 
line is the same as that claimed for steam? 
If there is any difference we would like to 
have it explained, since readers ask if a 
live-horse gasoline engine can develop as 
much power at all times as a five-horse, 
•power steam engine. 
There is no difference between a “horse 
power" for steam and gasoline. However, 
there is a difference in the extent to which 
the rated horse power may be exceeded. The 
gasoline engine on a brake test will produce 
the number of horse power only that it brake- 
tests at a given speed; whereas, by the use 
of boilers of large capacity a steam engine 
can be forced beyond its tested power. 
INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER COMPANY. 
A gasoline engine built, by reputable 
builders will develop the rated horse power 
and a little more, but it cannot be made to 
develop any more power in case of necessity 
as can a steam engine, as the steam pres¬ 
sure can be increased in a boiler so as to 
get 50 to 100 per cent more power out of 
the engine than it was intended for; a 
boiler explodes occasionally and a man or 
two Is maimed or killed, but that does not 
prevent the next man attempting it. The 
best way to buy a gasoline engine is to get 
one with more power than actually needed. 
CHARTER GAS ENGINE CO. 
If an engine will develop 10 actual brake 
horse power there is no difference whether 
it is by use of steam or gasoline, the only 
difference being in the steam engine built 
to develop 10 horse power, with 80 pounds 
boiler pressure, and running at a speed of 
100 revolutions per minute. If this same 
engine Is run 150 revolutions per minute, 
and boiler pressure increased to 100 pounds, 
this same engine may develop 15 horse power 
or more. With a gas or gasoline engine to 
increase quantity of fuel will in most cases 
decrease the power rather than increase it. 
COLUMBCS MACHINE CO. 
A horse power on a gasoline engine Is 
precisely the same as the mechanical horse 
power on any power transmission. However, 
a steam engine by increasing the steam pres¬ 
sure will develop more power than the general 
rating, although to-day most steam engines 
are rated for about all they will stand, and 
all that is economical to use. We fear that 
some manufacturers, particularly makers of 
cheap, low grade engines, instead of giving 
the consumer a good easy margin of horse 
power, keep it down very close, and in some 
cases it is necessary to increase the speed 
of the engine in order to develop the actual 
horse power. lent, moss & co. 
A mehanical horse power is the ability 
to lift 33,000 foot pounds per minute, and 
this is, of course, the same with gasoline, 
steam, electric or other power. There is, 
however, this difference, that whereas a 
steam engine may be rated at a certain steam 
pressure, it is possible by increasing the 
steam pressure to a point greater than this, 
to obtain additional power, but, aside from 
this, there is no difference in the horse 
power between a gasoline engine and steam. 
A steam engine, however, can accumulate a 
higher pressure, which can be used for a 
short time and will allow the engine moment¬ 
arily. to develop more than its rated power. 
Regarding the power of gasoline engines as 
usually rated, there are a number of engines 
selling at low figures which do not develop 
their rated power, this being especially true 
where they are sold to parties who would be 
unable to detect a shortage. We think, how¬ 
ever, that you will find that the standard 
makes of engines will develop at least their 
rated power, and will vary over this amount 
from 10 to 20 per cent. There is an un¬ 
fortunate tendency among the agents of some 
machines to rate the engine according to the 
pocket book of the prospective purchaser 
rather than by its actual performance. With 
our engines we have considered it advisable 
to cast the horse power into the metal, in 
addition to providing the engine with a name 
plate, as this prevents any possibility of 
misrepresentation or change of plate. 
ABENAQTIE MACHINE WORKS. 
than you desire the finished walk. Two 
by four scantling makes the best side 
forms. Whatever length you want the 
blocks saw into these forms 1% inch, 
and there set them so they will come di¬ 
rectly opposite. Cut galvanized iron width 
of walk in forms with narrow end or 
flange one inch wide and 2J4 inches long, 
the intermediate portion -lp 2 inches wide. 
Put in these irons before beginning work. 
They will drop just one-eighth inch below 
surface. Finish line of walk so that your 
smoothing board will not strike them. I 
might add that either artificial or natural 
drainage must be provided. The grout¬ 
ing can be made of sand, sand and gravel 
or sand and crushed stone. If sand is 
used mix thoroughly while dry one part 
Portland and six parts sand. If gravel or 
crushed stone then mix them 1-3-6. Mix 
to a consistency so the concrete will stand 
hard ramming. Fill to within one inch 
of top of form. Put in three or four 
blocks, and then put on surface coat, one 
part Portland, two parts sifted sand. Make 
a form just the shape you want the top of 
the walk, crowned or flat, and form sur¬ 
face with it. After it has set, then work 
the surface with a board trowel until it 
has a sandpaper finish. For mixture and 
thickness as above described it will require 
for 100 square feet about three barrels 
Portland, one cubic yard sand and 1*4 
cubic yard crushed stone or gravel. Cost 
will depend upon local conditions. Taylor 
gives the following rules for coloring. I 
have no personal experience. Black, use 
two per cent excelsior carbon black; red, 
use 10 per cent best raw iron oxide; buff, 
use 10 per cent best ochre; brown, use six 
per cent best roasted iron oxide; blue, use 
six per cent ultramarine: white, use mar¬ 
ble dust or white sand for surface. The 
tools necessary will be an edging trowel, 
groover, plasterer’s wood float, mason’s 
trowel, level, a rammer and a square 
pointed shovel. h. e. cook. 
Caldwell Tanks, Towers 
and Wind Mills 
solve your water supply troubles perman¬ 
ently. Outfit enormously strong and durable, 
lasting a lifetime without repairs and provid¬ 
ing abundant water at high pressure for all 
purposes. Plenty of outfits giving this ser¬ 
vice right around yon. Illustrated catalogue 
for the asking. 
W. E. CALDWELL CO., Louisville, Ky. 
Tanks ( Tow< ‘ r3 
Wind Mills, Pumps, Gas Engines. 
JONES HE PAYS THE FREIGHT 
Will get one 
on trial from 
JONES OF BINGHAMTON 
Box 385 A Binghamton, N. 
Y. 
CBROWm PAVS TtiE 
Al-L-FRE I GMT -4, 
-L 
HEAVIEST FENCE MADE 
All No. 9 steel wire. Well galvanized. Weighs 
more than most fences. 16 to 86c per rod 
^delivered. We send free sample for inspec¬ 
tion and test. Write for fence book of 133 
styles. The Brown Fence A; Wire 
Co., Cleveland, Ohio. * 
FENCE Afade^--' 
Made of High Carbon colled wire. We 
have no agents. Sell direct to user at 
factory pricea on 30 days fr«« trial. 
We pay all freight. Catalog shows 37 
styles and heights Of farm and poultry 
fence. It’s f re. Buy direct. Write today 
COILED SPRINC FENCE CO. 
BOX VG3. WINCHESTER, INDIANA 
Laying Cement Walks. 
F. If. L., Canton, Conn .—I would like a 
little information in regard to cement walks. 
In a general way I know how they are put 
down, but would like detailed information 
in regard to thickness of foundation, of 
grouting, and of finishing coal; also how 
many square feet one barrel of Portland ce¬ 
ment would lay. What is put in to darken 
the cement, so the walk is not so white? 
I have quite a number of walks would like 
to lay if cost is not too much. 
Ans.— I would not advise you to lay the 
first walk without the assistance of a prac¬ 
tical man. It will pay in time and per¬ 
manency and finish of the work. One 
might read a hook on the subject and 
then make mistakes. If you want the walk 
when finished about level with top of the 
ground, excavate about 4/ inches; this 
will put the surface one-half inch above 
dirt. Make this space four inches wider 
SUPERIOR 
WIRE FENCE 
Made of very heavy. high car¬ 
bon steel wire, heavily galvan¬ 
ized, securely connected wit' 
the Superior Lock, strongest 
most easily attached lock 
SAMPLE PIECE to test and CA 
LOO FREE. Write to-day. 
THE SUPERIOR FENCE CO.. Cleveuxo. Ohio. 
Wire Fence 90r 
48-in. stock fence per rod only “7 V 
Best high carbon coiled steel spring wire. 
Catalog offences, tools and supplies FRER 
Buy direct at wholesale. Write today. 
MASON FENCE CO. Box 67. Leesburg, 0> 
1-1 
UP TO STAY! 
nothing i 
about Frost Wire Fence. I 
It's 'IS to 50 per cent, heavier than | 
^auy woven wire fence 
'made, and doesn’t cost 
' any more. Write for free 
catalogue. 
We Pay 
Freight 
THE FROST WIRE FENCE CO., Cleveland. Ohio. 
11. B. BRAKE A CO., 29 Broadway, Now York. 
How Lamps Burn the Life 
out of Air 
H ERE is a Lighting Test worth 
trying! 
Take a common dinner plate. 
Pour half a glass of water into it. 
Then set an inch of candle up¬ 
right in the water. 
Then light the candle wick. 
Now turn an empty glass upside 
down on the plate, over the candle 
while it is still bi 
Fig. i. 
And note what 
happens 1 
The candle will 
die out a moment 
after the glass has 
been turned over it. 
turning briskly, as in 
Fig. i 
Then the water will rush into the glass, 
from off the level plate, and it will 
stay in the upside-down glass so that 
you may turn that glass over without 
spilling it. See Fig. 2, below. 
* * 
Now why does the candle die out 
so suddenly? 
And why does the water rush up 
into the inverted glass? 
Because the candle flame has 
instantly burnt up all the Oxygen of 
the air which was originally in the 
glass. 
That left a vacancy where the 
Oxygen used to be—a vacuum. 
And that vacuum caused a suc¬ 
tion which drew the water upward 
into the glass, like a pump, to take 
the place of the bumt-out Oxygen. 
The candle* flame died out so 
suddenly because no Flame can live 
without Oxygen—just as no Human 
Being, nor Vegetable, can live with¬ 
out Oxygen. 
* * 
You see, the Air we breathe, 
when pure, is about one-fifth Oxygen. 
And, when we bum that vital 
fifth out of it, with Lamps, or use it up 
in breathing, we take the very life out 
of the Air. What then remains is 
largely poisonous Carbonic Acid. 
You couldn’t live 
five minutes in a room 
that had all the Oxy¬ 
gen burnt out of it. 
Nor could you 
light a lamp, a match, 
nor a fire, in a room that 
had not considerable Oxygen 
left in it to support the flame. 
As we breathe 16 to 20 times a 
minute, you will readily see what 
happens to our lungs, blood and 
system when we bum Kerosene 
lamps, Candles, Gasoline-gas or City 
Gas year in and year out, in our 
living and sleeping rooms. 
These lights bum the life out of 
the Air we must breathe—its Blood- 
purifying, Life-giving and Germ- 
destroying oxygen. They leave be¬ 
hind an injurious excess of Carbonic 
acid. 
This is true, in some degree, 
every tune we bum a Kerosene Lamp 
in a living or sleeping room, without 
wide-open windows that create 
draught enough to replace the burnt 
Oxygen. 
And that Lighted Lamp, for 365 
nights in the year, eats up, little by 
little, a large proportion of the 
Energy and Life we get from Food 
and Sunlight in the daytime. 
That loss to the Health and 
Spirits of a whole family is con¬ 
siderably more than you think- it is, 
year after year. 
Now, this is where Acetylene 
Light comes into the story. 
Acetylene Light uses up less 
than one-fourth the Oxygen that 
Kerosene light, Candle light, Gasoline 
light or City Gas light consumes. 
And, it leaves behind less than a 
tenth as much poisonous Carbonic 
Acid in the air. 
Because, Acetylene is just pure, 
unadulterated Light, and nothing else 
but Light. 
Kerosene,Gasoline, Candles, and 
City Gas jets, give 
about one- tenth light 
and nine-tenths use¬ 
less and injurious 
other things. 
Acetylene, because it is so 
pure and unadulterated, gives 
a beautiful, white light, which is 
almost identical in composition with 
true Sunlight. 
It is so much like true, natural 
Sunlight that plants and flowers have 
been made to grow under its rays at 
night, just as they grow under natu¬ 
ral Sunlight during the day only. 
That has been proven (at Cor¬ 
nell University) last year—double 
growth under Acetylene Light. 
* * 
And, the effect of Acetylene 
Light upon Human Beings has been 
proven to be like the effect of Sun- 
ight upon them, for the self-same 
reason that it makes plants grow 
night and day under its wholesome 
rays. 
That’s one of the wonderful 
things told in a little book, called 
“ Sunlight-on-Tap,” which I want 
to send, you free if you write for it 
to-day. 
Very great improvements have 
been made in Acetylene Lighting in 
the past two years. 
It is cheaper now than even 
Kerosene Lighting— 
a third cheaper. 
I’ll prove that for 
you—if you’re inter¬ 
ested. 
Over two million 
E 
Fig. 2 
United States people are to-day using 
Acetylene Lignt, and millions more 
would use it if they understood its 
advantages as I do. 
That’s why I want every one who 
owns a Home, Store or Hotel in vil¬ 
lage, town or country to write me for 
my book called “Sunlight-on-Tap.” 
It tells why Acetylene is the 
Safest, most Brilliant, most Spread¬ 
ing, most Eye-saving, Economical 
and most beautiful of all Reading 
Lights—compared with other lights. 
Tell me how many rooms you’ve 
got. 
Then I’ll tell you about how 
much it would cost to light them all 
with brilliant Acetylene Gas, instead 
of with murky, bad-smelling Kero¬ 
sene, Gasoline or costly Electric light. 
Think of all the daily Lamp¬ 
cleaning, Breakage and Risk you 
could save by getting rid of Kero¬ 
sene for ever!—and—write to-day for 
the book, to “Acetylene J. Jones,” 
2 Adams Street, Chicago, Ill. 
FEED & UTTER 
In*" —ill W 1 
Built of steel. Strongest and most reliable carrier made—n« 
wear out to it. Galvanized steel when specially ordered. No 
barn complete without it. An easy running time and labor 
saver. Lightens stable duties and encourages cleanliness. Can 
be run to any part of building over switches and around curves. 
Will operate any distance over head. 
Our tubular steel stanchions are sanitary, durable and humane. For Infor¬ 
mation about PERFECT EQUIPMENTS FOR MODERN BARNS address 
Louden Machinery Co., 3 9 Broadway. Fairfield. low*. 
m 
