834 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
November id, 
Ruralisms 
NOTES FROM THE RURAL GROUNDS 
Autumn Foliage. —The consideration 
of Autumn foliage effects in home plant¬ 
ings of ornamental trees and shrubs is not 
as common as it should be. Native species 
are most useful for the purpose, though a 
few kinds from China and northern Japan 
develop good autumnal colors in our cli¬ 
mate. We are well pleased with the har¬ 
monious effect of a group of six native 
dogwoods, flanked by a sassafras, two 
White fringe trees, Chionanthus Virgin- 
ica, a Chinese Viburnum, V. tomentosum, 
and a sorrel tree or sourwood, Oxy- 
dendron arboreum, planted on a dry slope. 
The bright crimson of the dogwoods is 
contrasted with the rich yellows of the 
sassafras and White-fringe trees, and 
heightened with the rich purple of the 
Viburnum and the intense flame color 
of the sourwood. A cluster of shad 
bushes, Amelanchier, nearby adds another 
tone of yellow, but the effect is fleeting, 
as the leaves soon drop after coloring. 
The cost of the group when planted five 
years ago averaged about 35 cents each 
for the nursery-grown specimens, but the 
sassafras, two dogwoods and the shad- 
bushes were transplanted from nearby pas¬ 
ture lands. All bloom in their season— 
even the inconspicuous flowers of sassa¬ 
fras are admirable in their way—but the 
chief floral display is made by the dog¬ 
woods and the White fringe trees. The 
Autumn effect, however, is the crowning 
glory, and would warrant the planting it 
no flowers were produced. No particular 
skill is needed in forming such a group. 
Nature combines and harmonizes her au¬ 
tumnal colors in every conceivable way. 
All that is needed is to give space enough, 
and place the tallest growers in the cen¬ 
ter. Seven or eight feet apart appears 
about the proper distance to plant these 
low-growing trees and shrubs on ordinary 
soil to produce a compact copse-like ef¬ 
fect. Autumn colors are as a rule best 
brought out in dry soil, though a few 
swamp-loving species have brilliant tints 
in their maturing foliage. The Norway 
maple probably gives the best color effect 
of ordinary street trees, the tints being 
pleasant shades of gold and russet, while 
the soft maple, on the other hand, makes a 
most abundant and disagreeable litter of 
dingy and decaying foliage. The Kieffer 
pear of all fruit trees appears most deco¬ 
rative at this season. Many trees and 
individual limbs flame out in purple and 
bronze, while others scarcely cloud their 
green foliage until stripped by frost. Some 
of our native gooseberries, notably Ribes 
rotundifolium, color with as rich a crim¬ 
son as a sumach. Rosa rugosa, especially 
in the Siberian form known to nursery¬ 
men as Rugosa Regeliana, shows a clear 
and pleasing yellow that contrasts finely 
with the large red fruits that follow the 
later blooms. Occasional plants of our 
wild roses, Rosa nitida and R. Carolina, 
have intense crimson colorings which are 
likely to be retained when transferred to 
the garden or dooryard. 
Two Good Virginia Apples. —Middle 
New Jersey is too far south for best re¬ 
sults with the standard northern Winter 
apples. Baldwin, R. I., Greening, Spy and 
Spitzenburg grow fairly well, but do not 
always keep through Winter. The Russets 
and Newtowns do better, but the latter 
are rather difficult to establish except 
when top-grafted high on vigorous seed¬ 
lings. Wealthy becomes a late Summer 
variety, and Ning is practically over by 
November. On the other hand, the sea¬ 
sons are almost too short for Winesap, 
Paragon and other valued southern Win¬ 
ter kinds to mature properly. Smith’s 
Cider, Nero and Lawver are the stand¬ 
bys for well-colored local late apples. 
Stayman, Rome Beauty and York are re* 
garded as hopeful, and are being cautious¬ 
ly planted. With the idea of extending 
local knowledge of promising southern 
late apples scions of several kinds favor¬ 
ably regarded in Virginia and Tennessee 
were procured nine years ago, and young 
trees propagated by grafting on strong 
seedling roots. The two varieties first to 
come in bearing are shown in Figs. 354 
and 356, page 830, reduced in size nearly 
one-half. The Kinsman apple, Fig. 354, 
appears to be little known, no reference 
to it appearing in any publications to 
which we have access. The United States 
Pomologist wrote, under date of April 9, 
1904, that no specimen of it had ever 
been received by the Department of Agri¬ 
culture. We have been assured, however, 
that it originated in the highlands of 
southern Virginia. The tree is vigorous 
and upright, with very good foliage. The 
apples appear mainly to be borne near the 
ends of drooping twigs, like those of the 
Winesap, to which group the variety evi¬ 
dently belongs. They are uniform dark 
red in color, with firm yellow flesh, pleas¬ 
ant sub-acid in quality, but scarcely as 
highly flavored as Winesap. The season 
appears to be midwinter. Our tests in a 
small way satisfy us they are very good 
for eating and cooking. As our trial tree 
has borne for the last three years it gives 
the impression that the variety is quite 
precocious. If it should prove reliably 
prolific it would be desirable, for the good 
color and flavor of the apples and their 
fair keeping quality. 
Virginia Beauty, Fig, 356, is much 
better known. It originated in Carroll 
Co., Va., and the original tree is reported 
to have first fruited in 1826. It has been 
fairly well distributed through the moun¬ 
tain regions of Virginia, North Carolina 
and eastern Tennessee. The tree is a 
moderate grower, with limbs inclined to 
be pendulous at bearing age. The colors 
of the apples are dark yellow and red, 
the latter almost entirely covering most 
fruits. The texture is fine-grained, juicy 
and the flavor mild, many specimens be¬ 
ing almost sweet. It is excellent for ‘des¬ 
sert and also for baking. It is planted 
as a commercial variety where known in 
the South, as it sells readily, the quality 
being much appreciated. The season is 
from October to February. We are in¬ 
clined to think these varieties will suc¬ 
ceed in our locality. Virginia Beauty 
seems quite certain to be desirable for 
home planting. This variety is color- 
plated and described in the Year Book ot 
the Department of Agriculture for 1905. 
Tulips Gaining in Favor. —That hardy 
flowering bulbs are rapidly growing in 
favor is evident. Probably the tulip is 
best liked in this country, and is being 
planted in increasing numbers every year. 
Many experiments are under way in 
other countries than Holland, where tulip 
growing has been an important national 
industry for over a century, to test the 
commercial culture of tulips, and the de¬ 
mand for bulbs for this purpose as well 
as for general planting is so great as 
sharply to advance prices. Tulips are 
now successfully grown in England and 
Ireland, and fine blooming bulbs have 
been grown in North Carolina, Oregon 
and Washington as well as in many inter¬ 
mediate localities. It appears to be more 
a question of skill and economical labor 
than of soil or climate, except that Win¬ 
ters must be cold enough to restrain un¬ 
timely growth. Holland has been the 
center of hardy bulb culture for more 
than a century, and will probably long 
hold her supremacy, but there is no longer 
doubt that other localities will in time 
rival her in this uplifting horticultural 
pursuit. w. v. F. 
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mxmwi 
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STANDARD OIL COMPANY OF NEW YORK 
R 
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There’s a better way 
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Chicago, Illinois 
a© 
