894 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
December 1, 
EDUCATION BY CORRESPONDENCE 
As we have often pointed out, it is im¬ 
possible for some people to attend a college. 
They are obliged ,to labor for themselves 
and others, so that the time needed for a 
college course must be spent at regular 
duties. We have heard boys and men grieve 
over their lack of education, and regret that 
after coming to a time of life when they 
can appreciate a college training they are 
unable to enjoy it. Such people should know 
that a very good substitute has been pro¬ 
vided in the letter class of correspondence 
schools. The other day we received a letter 
from a man in Rhode Island. He is of 
middle age, with a wife and family. He 
works in town but has been able to buy, 
with his savings, a small farm. His ambi¬ 
tion is within a few years to leave the town 
and go to the farm for a living, but at every 
step he runs against the fact that a farm 
education is needed. So many hard problems 
arise that this man easily sees that: should 
he start farming without more knowledge 
several years would be required to learn the 
things which an educated farmer ought to 
know. “What shall I do?” says this man. 
“I cannot leave my work to attend an agri¬ 
cultural college and yet I must have this 
necessary information !” We advised him to 
apply to the Home Correspondence School 
at Springfield, Mass. A course conducted 
by mail will give this man what he wants 
without interfering with his regular work. 
We use the text books written by Prof. 
Rrooks in our own work, and consider them 
the most useful outlines for agricultural 
thought and study we have ever seen. If 
any of our readers are like this friend in 
Rhode Island—desiring a course of study in 
agriculture and yet unable to spend the time 
at a college we advise them by all means 
to try this school. 
ANTHRACNOSE ON RASPBERRY. 
Knowing the widespread prevalence of the 
anthracnose disease on the raspberry, and 
its destructiveness, I undertook some experi¬ 
ments in the treatment of it by spraying. 
These experiments were carried on for two 
years, and have just been completed with 
such success that I believe it worth while to 
give them to the public. The experiments 
were carried on in a small patch that was 
so badly diseased that several fruit growers 
said it was not worth while to do anything 
hut plow the patch out and plant something 
else for a year or two. With these severe 
conditions to begin under, I sought to deter¬ 
mine if it were possible to eradicate the 
disease without replanting, or even losing 
an entire crop, and also if this could be done 
in such a way and with such expense that it 
would be practical from a commercial stand¬ 
point. I began the experiment just after 
flowering time, one year ago this last Sum¬ 
mer, and carried it on until this Winter, 
when I consider results are satisfactory for 
ending the work. Just after the blossoms 
had fallen, I gave the bushes a thorough 
spraying with about a two-thirds strength 
standard solution of Bordeaux Mixture. This 
was followed by another spraying about one 
week before the berries began to ripen, using 
the ammoniacal Bordeaux with just a trace 
of lime in it. The result of these two spray¬ 
ings was very marked, as it seemed com¬ 
pletely to check the spread of the disease, 
and enabled the canes to bear fully a two- 
thirds crop of fruit. As soon as the canes 
were through fruiting, all the old growth 
was cut out close to the ground and burned, 
and the new canes were again sprayed with 
the two-thirds strength Bordeaux. This new 
growth showed a relatively slight infection, 
the one good spraying prevented its spread. 
The canes grew vigorously and went into the 
Winter in excellent condition. Very early 
this Spring, before any buds had begun to 
swell, the canes were thoroughly sprayed 
with the full strength Bordeaux. In this 
spraying care was taken that the canes just 
at the surface of the ground were thoroughly 
covered with the spray. Tile Summer treat¬ 
ment was exactly as that of last year, with 
the result that the vines bore an enormous 
crop of berries, none of which was infected. 
As soon as through bearing, the old canes 
were cut out and burned and the new growth 
sprayed. A close examination of the new 
growth shows not a single diseased cane, 
which means the entire eradication of the 
disease in two years, and that without the 
lose of but a small part of one crop. The 
only extra expense was that of the seven 
sprayings, which is less than the expense of 
making a new patch and the attendant loss • 
of at least one full crop of fruit and the 
lighter yields of the young patch. 
I am not ready to assert that such marked 
results could be obtained in every case, but 
certainly these lead to the conclusion that 
in many cases it is entirely possible and 
commercially practical to fight the disease 
without destroying the old patch. The essen¬ 
tial thing in this treatment is the thorough¬ 
ness of the spraying. The more the canes 
are diseased the more care should be take 
to see that every part of the cane is well 
covered with the spray. On a few canes 
I tried the full strength Bordeaux, but I 
found it Injured the foliage considerably. 
Even the weaker strength in some cases in¬ 
jured the tenderest tips of the new canes, 
but as it is best to tip them early, this 
was not objectionable. The late Winter or 
very early Spring, spraying is important, be¬ 
cause the conditions are such that every part 
of the cane can be covered and it also de¬ 
stroys any of the disease that has escaped 
the Fall sprayings. Formula of sprays used. 
Lime, six pounds; copper sulphate, four 
pounds; water, 65 gallons. This was my 
weaker solution. The stronger had only 50 
gallons of water. Ammoniacal Bordeaux: 
weaker solution; copper carbonate, three 
ounces; ammonia (strongest) five pints; 
water, 60 gallons. To each five gallons as 
I used it I added a piece of fresh slaked 
lime about the size of a walnut For the 
stronger solution, I ouly used about 40 
gallons of water. M. J. I 
Iowa. ____________ 
A NORTHERN GARDENER'S NOTES. 
If some one should ask me what were the 
three most worthy introductions among vege¬ 
tables in the last few years I should answer 
Chalk's Early Jewel tomato, Delicious 
squash, Danish Ball Dead cabbage. It is not 
easy for me to find words that will ex¬ 
press the high opinion I have for this new 
early tomato; for such a short season as this 
section has it has no equal. When I ask 
my customers to whom 1 sold tomato plants. 
“How did you like them, what success did 
you have?” they ail say. “We had bushels 
of tomatoes, the nicest crop and best suc¬ 
cess we ever had.” Chalk's Early Jewel is 
an introduction of much value. It is supe¬ 
rior to Spark’s Earliana because it is a more 
vigorous grower and hence a better cropper. 
And here are some more good things in vege¬ 
tables: Irish Cobbler potato. Golden Ban¬ 
tam sweet corn. White Perfection ruta baga 
turnip. I transplanted a lot of this variety 
of turnip upon land where I just dug the 
Early Ohio potatoes, and in the Fall I har¬ 
vested some fine ruta bagas, perfect in shape 
and pretty as a picture. It has been well 
named White Perfection. 
I had a good yield of pickling onions this 
year and never have known this article to be 
a glut upon the market, though other vege¬ 
tables often are. The land for this crop 
of onions is well manured and plowed in the 
Fall, harrow'ed and smoothed off as early 
in the Spring as the soil will permit work¬ 
ing. I plant White Barletta onion seed in 
three row’s three inches apart, then skip 15 
inches and then plant three more rows three 
inches apart. I am very careful to keep out 
all w'eeds. As soon as the onions are as big 
as I want them to be, I pull them : with me 
they are about one inch in diameter July 1, 
which is big enough. I pull and allow’ them 
to wilt upon the ground for perhaps 24 hours, 
then I have them drawn under cover to cure. 
I spread them carefully, tops and all, about 
an inch deep where there will be a good cir¬ 
culation of air and little or no sunlight to cause 
them to turn green. Cured in this way they 
will be milk w'hite with no traces of green, 
as there would be should I try to cure them 
out of doors. Gregory in his book on onion 
culture says that while onions like to follow 
a crop of carrots, they do not do well on 
land planted the year before in turnips. I 
paid no attention to this statement, and one 
year my Barletta onion seed was planted 
upon land, a portion of which grew’ a crop 
of fiat turnips the year before. The result 
w’as startling. I think I could tell to a 
foot where the rows of flat turnips started 
the year before. Where the turnips had been 
grown the onions did not like to grow and 
bottom, where no turnips had been planted 
the crop was- satisfactory. After the pick¬ 
ling onions are taken off the land is har¬ 
row'ed and planted to table beets. Detroit 
Dark Red is the variety I like best. Beets 
planted July 1 to 5 in this section for Winter 
use are much more tender than beets plants 
in May and allowed to grow all Summer. If 
I do not want to plant all the onion land to 
table beets, there is plenty of time to plant 
cucumbers for pickles. I have planted many 
varieties of onions, and for this market 
which will take one color about as quick as 
another in onions I know no* variety that 
will surpass Barletta in earliness, reliabil¬ 
ity to bottom and good yield. 
St. Lawrence Co., N. Y. i. m. brainard. 
The Name REID 
on either a 
Separator, Butter Printer 
or Corrugated Milk Cooler 
means it’s the best machine of ita kind that can be 
made. Reid’8 dairy machines have all unneces¬ 
sary part8eliminated and are built particularly for 
hard service. It has been proved by actual experi¬ 
ence that the Reid machinery is the simplest and 
best that money can buy. Our guarantee goes with 
each machine. The above articles are only a few 
of our line of 
Dairy Supplies 
Before yon buy send for our catalogue. Com¬ 
pare onr prices with other makes and see how w e 
save you money. 
A. H. REID DAIRY SUPPLY CO.. Pmimiriu, Pa. 
3 '/* % 
NITROGEN 
AVAILABLE 
out 
PHOSPHORIC 
Big Crops of Corn 
can be depended upon from land 
that has been liberally fertilized 
with a complete fertilizer contain¬ 
ing Z T A% nitrogen, 8% available 
phosphoric acid and 9 % 
Potash 
Just how and why 9 % of Potash 
is necessary our booklet will show. 
GERMAN KALI WORKS 
93 Nassau Street, New York 
HEAVIEST FENCE MADE 
No. 9 Steel Wire. Weighs H more than 
1 most fences. A fence that will not rust. 
Send for Fence Book showing 
133 styles. Brown Fence £ 
Wire Co.,Cleveland,O. 
FENCE /Vfac/eiL-— 
Made of High Carbon colled wire. Wo 
have no agents. Sell direct to user at 
factory prices on 30 days free trial. 
Wo pay all freight. Catalog shows 37 
Rtyles and heights of farm and poultry 
fence. I t’s f ree. Buy direct. Write today 
COILED SPRING FENCE CO. 
Box 163. WINCHESTER, INDIANA 
ICE 
Hade 
In Tbrea 
Sixes. 
Lost Strayed or 
Stolen—One Cow 
That is about what happens each year 
for the man who owns live cows and 
does not use a Tubular cream sepa¬ 
rator. He loses in cream more than 
the price of a good cow.The more cows 
he owns the greater the loss. This is a 
fact on which Agricultural Colleges, 
Dairy Experts and the best Dairymen 
all agree, and so do you if you use a 
Tubular. If not, it’s high time you 
)\ 
did. You can’t afford to lose the price 
Of one or more cows each year—there’s 
no reason why you should. Get a Tu¬ 
bular and get more and better cream 
out of the milk ;save time and labor and 
have warm sweet skimmed milk for the 
calves. Don’t buy some cheap rattle¬ 
trap thing called a separator; that 
won’t do any good. You need a real 
skimmer that does perfect work,skims 
clean, thick or thin, hot or cold; runs 
easy; simple In construction: easily 
understood. That’s the Tubular and 
there is but one Tubular, the Shar¬ 
pies Tubular. Don’t you want our 
little book “Business Dairymen,” and 
our Catalog A. 153 both free? A postal 
will bring them. 
The Sharpies Separator Co. 
West Chester, Pa. 
Toronto, Can. Chicago, III. 
CUTTING 
DORSCH All Steel, Double- 
R#w ICE PLOWS. Marks and 
cut* two rows at a time; cuts any size cako 
and any depth, and does it with case and economy. 
Does the work of twenty men sawing by hand. Pays for Itself tV 
%wo days. No farmer, dairyman, hotel man or other can afford to 
be without it. Ask for catalogue and introductory prices. 
^ohnDorsoh^fioiu. 226 Wells 8t.*MllwAukee*Wlj» 
QCBUYS THE MODEL K GENUINE 
ECONOMY HAND CREAM 
SEPARATOR, 400 LBS, 
PER HOUR CAPACITY, 
the best Separator made in the world, 
, a regular $100.00 machine, and 
offered on 60 days free trial. For a 
limited time, until our surplus machines 
are sold, we offer this big 400 pounds 
per hour capacity new improved Model 
" Economy Hand Cream Separator, 
guaranteed to skim closer, skim 
1 colder milk, run easier, clean easier 
and handle better than any other 
separator made, regardless of name 
or price, and offered for a free 60 
days trial on your own farm. In 
our Free Cream Separator Cata¬ 
logue we show large illustrations 
and complete descriptions of this won¬ 
derful Economy Cream Separator, all 
working parts, full explanation of our 
free trial plan, our liberal terms and 
payment conditions: also illustrations 
and descriptions of our entire line of 
cream separators, the very best made 
in the world and sold on our free 
trial plan at one-third the prices 
charged by others. Don’t fail to 
write to day for our Big Free 
Special Cream Separator Catalogue, the greatest cream 
separator book ever printed; full of most valuable In¬ 
formation for every farmer: showing why our cream 
separators are the very best made in the world: why 
we can make such wonderfully lowprioes: pictures of 
our cream separator factories; our $1,000.00 In gold 
challenge to every separator manufacturer and our 
wonderful Profit Sharing Plan, by which you get 
valuable goods free If you buy from us: everything Is 
explained in this Free Separator Catalogue. Every 
separator is covered by our written binding 20-year 
guarantee, guaranteed to reach you in perfect condi¬ 
tion. freight charges to be very little, and we agree to 
furnish you repairs in the years to come. Don t wait 
until next spring and then pay $75.00 or $100.00 for 
an inferior machine. Our offer of only $24.95 for this 
genuine Improved Economy Cream Separator. 400 
pounds per nour capacity, a regular $100.00 machine. 
Is good only until our stock is reduced; so don’t delay. 
Write for our Free Cream Separator Catalogue for a 
complete description of this marvelous separator bar¬ 
gain. Simply write us a letter or a postal card and 
say. "Send me your Cream Separator Offer,” mention 
this paper, and our very latest Special Cream Separ¬ 
ator Catalogue showing everything, the most valuable 
Cream Separator Book ever published, will be sent to 
you immediately by return mall, free and postpaid. 
Don’t fail t6 write for this Cream Separator Offer at 
once and learn about this big bargain, the highest 
grade big capacity machine for only $24.95. Address, 
SEARS, ROEBUCK & CO., CHICAGO. 
TIME IS THE TEST 
of durability in a high-speed machine like the cream separator. No 
other machine a farmer uses has harder use. Run twice every 
day, winter and summer, it must not only do thorough work, but to 
be permanently profitable, it must be durable. 
U.S. 
CREAM 
are built for long service. A solid, low frame encloses entirely all 
the operating parts, protecting them from dirt and danger of injury. 
The parts are few, simple and easy to get at. Ball bearings at high 
speed points, combined with automatic oiling reduce wear as well 
as insure the easiest operation. Such careful and thorough construc¬ 
tion is what enables the U. S. to better _ 
STAND THE TEST 
than any other separator. You don’t have to buy a new one every year or 
two. And remember: the U. S. does the cleanest skimming all the time. 
Look into this. Write today for a copy of our handsome, new separator 
catalogue. Ask for number 159 It is finely ’illustrated and tells all about 
the U. S. Address 
Vermont Farm Machine Co., Bellows Falls, Vt. 
Prompt deliveries ofU. S. Separators from warehouses at Auburn. Me.. Buffalo, N. Y., Toledo. O.. 
Cnicago, 111., LaCrosse. Wis., Minneapolis, Minn., Sioux City, la.. Kansas City. Mo.. Omaha. Neb., 
ban jTanasco, Cal., Portland Ore., Sherbrooke and Montreal. Que., Hamilton, Out., Winnipeg, 
Man. and CaJgary, Alta. x 6 
Address all letters to Bellows Palls, Vt. 
