AND FENCES. 59 
that may be produced from the same trees by permitting the main 
stems to keep their upright direction, and forming the arch by en¬ 
couraging and uniting the growth of the inner branches at the 
proper height. Where evergreens are 
to be planted for this purpose, the 
fence should curve inwards to the 
gate, as shown by the transverse sec¬ 
tion (Fig. 16), so that trees designed 
to form the arch can be planted on 
a line with the posts, and two or three feet from them. All this 
topiary work may be a substitute for expensive gateways, or it 
may, with equal propriety, be introduced as an accessory deco¬ 
ration, where the posts are not of a massive, or highly ornate 
character. In the latter case, whatever beauty of design and 
workmanship has been wrought out in stone should not be delib¬ 
erately concealed by such forms of verdure. 
