130 ARTIFICIAL ADAPTATIONS, ETC. 
and the common elm emerging from the centre (as shown in the 
engraving), and bending its long arms over the former with a freer 
growth, might, we think, present a combination of grotesque grace 
less formal in expression than our illus¬ 
tration. 
A broad flat-topped arch of a similar 
character may be made by grafting all 
four of the branches with the Scamston 
elm at a, a ,, Fig. 39, and the points oppo¬ 
site. This may be perfected more quickly. 
For an archway over a carriage en¬ 
trance two common elms may be 
planted by the sides of the gateway, and when their side 
branches are long enough, may be twisted round and round 
each other, and tied together, and the other parts of the tree 
trimmed to develop the best growth of the branches depended 
on to form the arch. Fig. 41 illustrates the appearance of the 
trees without their leaves a year or two after the twist has been 
made. 
Fig. 41. 
