AND GROUNDS. 
175 
road, with quick growing deciduous shrubs, such as bush honey¬ 
suckles, lilacs, weigelas, deutzias, etc., which can be removed when 
the centre tree begins to crowd them. Or, with one of the same 
large evergreens in the centre, a gardenesque border may be 
formed around the circle with single specimens of rare dwarf 
evergreens, planted four feet from the road. Doubtless the noblest 
feature of such a turn circle is a single great spreading tree 
like a mature white oak or American chestnut, and if the pro¬ 
prietor appreciates the pleasures of hope, and desires the greatest 
simplicity of effect, he had better plant the latter. We have seen 
specimens of the American chestnut of colossal size, which men 
now living remember as sprouts. 
A lot so large as this must needs have a ground-plan of the 
planting made on a large scale, and as it is extremely difficult to 
carry out any system of planting for such a place from a verbal 
description, we shall not attempt to describe in detail all the 
materials that form the plantation, but make merely a rough 
inventory of its properties. Though it is an in-lot, and in the 
main designed without connection with adjoining lots, from which 
it is shown to be separated by high fences or walls and shrubbery 
to within sixty or seventy feet of the street, yet on this front space 
we have left openings on each side for connections with adjoining 
grounds. Back of this, each side of the lot is bounded by screens 
of evergreens. On the right of the drive to the carriage-house is 
a cold grape-house. The house-front is supposed to be to the 
east, so that this grapery has a southern exposure. It may seem 
to have no border for the roots of the grape vines, if it is supposed 
that the road in its front has been made by excavating all the 
good soil and substituting broken stone and gravel only. But we 
would not have this done. For a road-bed, or for a grape border, 
the drainage must be equally deep and effective. That being 
secured we would make the road-bed of the best grape soil, and 
pave over it with stone, after the “ Belgian ” and “ Medina ” pave¬ 
ment manner, at least as far as the length of the grape house ; 
using no more sand or gravel than is necessary to bed or fill in 
between the stone. Of course this bed will rise and fall by the 
freezing and thawing of the soil beneath, but this will do no 
