DECIDUOUS TREES. 
323 
and yet so well broken, as to render it one of the noblest of park 
trees; and when it grows wild amid the rocky scenery of its 
native Scotland, there is no tree which produces so great or so 
pleasing a variety of character.” From the little we have seen 
of the Scotch elm we are inclined to believe it to be the most 
interesting foreign variety of the elm. The young trees of this 
variety in the New York Central Park are certainly the most beauti¬ 
ful of the elms there. 
The Scotch elm forms a much more spreading tree than the 
English, has a squarer form than our white elm, and fills in more 
massily with foliage. Without being quite so picturesque in out¬ 
line, in its earlier growth, it certainly displays finer contrasts, and 
larger masses of light and shadow. The leaves strongly resemble 
those of our white elm. There are some remarkably pendulous 
varieties, but the tree does not ordinarily show this quality when 
young. With age, however, it becomes a characteristic, but not 
to such a degree as in our native weeping elm; and the more 
rugged development of its branches adds to the apparent difference. 
In dimensions it grows to equal the largest oaks. The varieties of 
the Scotch elm are numerous, and vary in their character to an 
extraordinary degree ; some of them being as pendulous as a weep¬ 
ing beech, and others fastigiate and cup-like. The following are 
the most note-worthy : 
The Weeping Scotch Elm. U. m. pendula .—This is the most 
erratic and interesting variety, and takes the same place among 
elms that the weeping beech does in its family. It assumes a great 
variety of forms; sometimes branching in a fan-like manner, some¬ 
times marked by a persistent horizontal tendency, and occasionally 
shooting perpendicularly downwards; but always uneven or one¬ 
sided, and picturesque. Like the weeping beech, in the first few years 
of its growth it is sometimes picturesque to deformity; but it soon 
outgrows this stage of its eccentricity. The foliage is dark and 
abundant, and it becomes a large tree. 
The Exeter or Ford’s Elm. U. m. fastigiata .—Noted for its 
very fastigiate growth and cup-like form. The leaves are twisted, 
