EVERGREEN TREES AND SHRUBS. 529 
recovers that sturdy dignity of form which it naturally assumes in 
an open exposure. 
The Pigmy Scotch or Knee Pine. P. s. nana. —A broad 
spreading dwarf that rarely exceeds three feet in height, and is very 
stunted in branches and leaves. 
The Variegated Scotch Pine, P. s. variegata, differs from the 
ordinary form only in having pale straw-colored leaves mingled 
amqng those of the usual color. 
The Persian Scotch Pine. P. s. latifolia. —A robust variety 
attaining great size on the mountains of Persia, which has longer 
and broader leaves than any other variety. 
The Silvery Scotch Pine. P. s. argentea. —A large tree from 
east of the Black sea, with leaves and cones both marked with a 
silvery hue. 
The Mugho Pine. Pinus mugho. —A dwarf species with 
numerous ascending branches thickly covered with foliage resem¬ 
bling that of the Scotch pine, but of a better and warmer color. 
It is indigenous on the mountains from the Pyrenees to the 
Austrian Alps, and forms a compact, rather fastigiate, shrubby tree, 
from ten to thirty feet in height. This species is often confounded 
with the mountain pine, P. pumilio , which indeed it greatly resem¬ 
bles ; but differs in having shorter leaves, and a more compact 
and tree-like growth. The branches of the P. pumilio spread more 
upon the ground, though they rise at their extremities on all parts 
of the tree to a nearly vertical direction. There are many distinct 
varieties of the mugho pine, varying in size from the knee pine, P. 
mugho nana, which rarely grows much higher than the knee, to 
the Austrian marsh mugho, P. m. uliginosa, which forms a 
pyramidal small tree. The common variety, of good nurseries, is 
the best, and forms a very pleasing miniature specimen of a pine 
tree. The foliage has a warm or yellowish-green tone in the spring. 
A great variety of forms of this species may be seen in the New 
York Central Park, usually from four to eight feet high. It is one 
of the most pleasing of shrubby evergreens for small grounds. 
There is a tree in the specimen grounds of Messrs. Parsons & 
Co., at Flushing— which is shown by Fig. 169— that is probably one 
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