54 OLD-FASHIONED GARDENING 
and did not ever resort to the square precision of the 
foregoing age. He enlarged his plans, disdained to 
make every division tally to its opposite, and though 
he still adhered much to straight walks with high dipt 
hedges, they were only his great lines; the rest he 
diversified with wilderness and with loose groves of 
oak, though still within surrounding hedges.” 
This broader influence was greatly felt by the 
middle of the eighteenth century; the period, in 
America, when “the time of infancy had passed: the 
struggle for existence was happily over” and “America 
. . . turned with the eagerness of new desire to the 
comforts and elegances of social life . . . the arts 
grew in strength as though born upon the soil.” Un¬ 
der this influence, overlying all the earlier ideals and 
traditions and yet not obscuring them nor blotting 
them out, the work of Washington in the gardens at 
Mount Vernon was begun; and of Jefferson at Monti- 
cello. And the first, a semi-public memorial, remains 
to us to-day as it was designed by the first and greatest 
of the land, while the second has been restored and 
splendidly preserved under private care. 
Finally, it is particularly interesting to note, by a 
comparison of the plans of these Virginia gardens with 
those of the earlier Spanish settlement of St. Augus¬ 
tine, and with the gardens of the Dutch, the great 
difference in their makers. The gardens of the old 
