64 OLD-FASHIONED GARDENING 
the lily frutilaria, anemones, baredames” (another 
mystery), “violets, marigolds, summer sots” (possibly 
daisies, sometimes called “maudlin wort”), “&c. The 
clove tree has also been introduced; and there are 
various indigenous trees that bear handsome flowers 
which are unknown in the Netherland.” 
By “the clove tree” he must mean the real spice 
c l ove —Caryophyllus aromaticus. This is cultivated 
in the West Indies, where the Dutch had long traded, 
and doubtless they thought it possible that it would 
grow here. Certainly it was worth trying, for it is 
a valuable tree. There is another plant, sometimes 
called the clove tree, that is native to Australia, but 
that continent was little more than discovered at this 
time, hence it could hardly be this. 
He mentions some flowers of “native growth” of 
merit, from which it is obvious that these have risen 
to sufficient esteem to be welcomed in the gardens; 
“as for instance, sun flowers, red and yellow lilies, 
mountain lilies” (martagon lilies), “morning stars, 
and red, white and yellow maritoffles (a very sweet 
flower), several species of bell flower, etc.” 
“Morning stars” are a problem; so are the “mari¬ 
toffles.” The first may mean the common bind¬ 
weed or Convolvulus sepium , although an old Ameri¬ 
can writer describes under the name of “morning stars” 
a flowering tree or shrub growing in great abundance on 
