78 OLD-FASHIONED GARDENING 
the symbol of a people. The Kip farm, famed for 
its fruits and for its collection of rosacea, also had a 
garden of “Dutch regularity.” Here Washington 
was entertained while President, and presented with 
a Rosa Gallica , which tradition says was introduced 
to America here. Designs from the old Dutch work 
on gardening by Jan van der Gro-en, as well as old 
maps and plans generally, repeat again the square, with 
slight variations. 
We have seen how it was the form usually adopted 
when the Elizabethan gardens were made. Parkin¬ 
son accounts for this on the ground of its conforming 
more nearly than anything else to the shape of the 
house, but I am inclined to think the idea was intro¬ 
duced, in the first place, through the advent in Eng¬ 
land of the great numbers of Dutch refugees from 
Spain’s persecutions. England owes much to these 
fugitives. They drained and reclaimed the fens as 
they had drained and reclaimed their own low-lying 
Holland; and they taught people many things, so that 
an acre was “enabled to support double the number” 
that it had sustained. Scientific farming was un¬ 
known to the English prior to their arrival. In addi¬ 
tion to practicing and teaching this, they introduced 
many vegetables hitherto uncultivated, really revolu¬ 
tionizing agriculture. In view of which, it hardly 
seems likely that England would have had to wait 
