238 OLD-FASHIONED GARDENING 
re-create the old atmosphere shall not act. See the 
place as a whole, whatever its size—think of it as a 
whole, all in the old spirit. There is no such thing 
as an “old-fashioned perennial garden” or an “old-fash¬ 
ioned” any other kind of garden, taken as a unit and by 
itself. All that there is is the whole , not a part. Old- 
fashioned gardening is not summed up in the planting 
of a flower garden wherein the walks and beds con¬ 
form to the lines laid down in some old design. That 
is but a small proportion of the splendid, useful whole 
which the term embraces—only the final touch, after 
all the rest is rounded and complete. The old fashion 
means, first of all, an entire place brought to the high¬ 
est point of useful and beautiful production; then and 
not till then, ornamented in the stately old way, and 
adorned suitably in such portions as may be spared. 
So it would seem that really to achieve an old- 
fashioned garden—I am again using the word “gar¬ 
den” to cover the entire development of an estate, 
whether it be great or small—we must perforce not 
only restore ourselves to the old line of thought, but 
many of the old, old ideals must be reviewed and re¬ 
vivified. Few to-day, for example, would plant cherry 
trees, as William Penn did, beside the splendid court at 
Pennsbury; few would grow apples and plums and 
peaches on their suburban plots, as the burghers of 
New Amsterdam did on theirs. Yet it is in just the 
