1907. 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
» 
149 
THE SAN JOSE SCALE. 
[A paper read by Willard Hopkins, of Ni¬ 
agara Co., N. Y., before the Western New 
York Horticultural Society.J 
Are we doing our best to control it ? I 
often think if Will Carlton were compelled 
to spray some of our western New York ap¬ 
ple orchards 40 or 50 feet high, he would 
sing out, “Let blight or fungus, storm or 
tempest, on our apple orchards fall, but for 
first-class ruination trust the scale against 
them all.” You combine all the pests that 
have attacked our apple orchards for the 
last 50 years, and they will not-equal the 
ravages of this little Insect. Now are we 
doing our best to control it? I say em¬ 
phatically, no. From a few Isolated infesta¬ 
tions six or seven years ago in western New 
York orchards there is not a county, and we 
have no assurance that there is a township, 
that has escaped. How has this been 
brought, about? Principally through the 
planting of Infested nursery stock. We, 
the Empire State, the wealthiest and the 
most, generous State in the Union, appro¬ 
priating one hundred and one million of 
dollars for the enlargement of the Erie Ca¬ 
nal for the convenience and profit of the 
great grain growing States of the West; 
fifty millions of dollars for the improve¬ 
ment of our highways, and six years ago we, 
as apple and fruit growers, representing an 
Investment of millions of dollars, realizing 
that if our orchards were not exterminated 
they would he very much less profitable, 
asked our Governor, our Senators, our 
members of assembly, our commissioner of 
agriculture for relief by providing that all 
nursery stock before being offered for sale 
should be properly fumigated. They said 
this San Jose scale is a fake, but they al¬ 
lowed us the picayune sum of $2,500 to pro¬ 
vide 12 inspectors to advise with and edu¬ 
cate the orchardists of the State to inspect 
trees infested with black knot, peach trees 
with small peach and yellows, and the her¬ 
culean task of thoroughly Inspecting seventy 
million nursery trees and shrubs, compelling 
the destroying of all trees that are rotten 
with the scale, and the fumigation of those 
that were not quite so bad, before giving a 
clean certificate. What a farce this inspec¬ 
tion proves to be I Almost every Infestation 
has been traced back to the Infested trees 
from the nurseries. 
I have seen trees sent out the past year 
by one of the oldest and most reliable nurs¬ 
eries in the State, where you would find at 
least, a thousand scale on an individual pear 
or apple tree. Now, many advise you, who 
are not already Infested, to plant only trees 
from responsible nurseries, who will guar¬ 
antee them properly fumigated, op none at 
all. After this, if our representatives at Al¬ 
bany don't hear us, let us call a little loud¬ 
er, they can't hear a whisper. Have any of 
you heard about the man who misrepresented 
us from the Thirty-fourth District in 
Washington? We sent a fellow after him 
who took the cow by the horns, and told the 
other fellow to come home, and he Is com¬ 
ing. 
Now, what are we to do with our in¬ 
fested orchards? I will cite you a little of 
our personal experience. We have had the 
scale noticeably in our orchards for the last 
seven years, and we have been fighting It 
ever since, commencing with whale-oil soap, 
kerosene emulsion, kerowater, crude petro¬ 
leum and sulphur and lime water, with va¬ 
ried success and failure. We have between 
three and four hundred acres of orchards of 
all kinds, and have found our big apple 
orchards very difficult to treat. We have 
taken the upper story off about 10 feet, so 
they were more get-atable, and had the satis¬ 
faction of getting apples clean enough to 
sell readily for $2 per barrel last Fall. We 
have concluded to use one year crude petro¬ 
leum, put on just as the buds are opening 
with the very finest spray, following the 
next year with sulphur and lime, and let 
our experiment stations thoroughly test all 
these patent medicines before we use them 
in a commercial way. 
To sum up the apple business where or¬ 
chards are Infested with the scale and un¬ 
treated, the first year a scare; the second, 
you barrel most of the apples; the third, 
evaporator and canning factory; fourth, 
cider mill; fifth, woodpile and sawmill. I 
predict that within a very few years from 
one-third to one-half the apple orchards In 
tlie State will have disappeared. Orchards 
belonging to widows and orphans, those 
worked by Ignorant tenants, and old fossils 
of farmers have got to go. 
The difficulty of getting competent help to 
operate our expensive spraying outfits and 
to prepare the material is against us, but we 
are not alone. This pest is spreading all 
over the country from the Rocky Mountains 
to the Atlantic. I)r. S. A. Forbes reports 
that of 4,000 Illinois orchards inspected 
2,500 were infested with scale. We must 
remember these western orchards are dwarfs 
by the side of ours; while their trees are old 
at 20, ours are just beginning to bear, and 
continue to 00, 80 or even 100 years. In 
our work we use three steam boilers for 
cooking the sulphur and lime, four power 
sprayers and four hand pumps. With our 
peaches, peays, plums and prupes we have 
less difficulty in controlling the scale. I will 
cite an orchard of 80 acres of pears, plums 
and prunes to which was awarded the Ell- 
wanger prize four years ago, which has had 
the scale for five years, and has been treated 
every year. We had the satisfaction of 
harvesting a beautiful crop of fruit the past 
year, selling for about $7,000 without the 
loss of a bushel of fruit on account of 
scale. 
In regard to top-working trees, my prefer¬ 
ence would be very decidedly for some known 
hardy variety with a good root system. The 
Northern Spy Is as good for this purpose as 
anything we know. Our experience in top 
working in the nursery row is that we get 
the best results from putting a single bud 
in a two-year-old stock from two to two and 
one-half feet above the ground. Early in 
the Spring the stock should be cut off just 
above the bqd, the bud then pushes up and 
makes a good strong top. I think top-work - 
ing trees of this age will have little, if any¬ 
thing, to do with the trees coming into fruit¬ 
ing earlier. Our objection to using seed¬ 
lings for top-working is* that they have not 
the known hardiness. c. M. HOBBS. 
Indiana. 
WmcN you write advertisers mention Tun 
It. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and 
“a square deal.” Sec guarantee, page 14. 
KNOW APPLES 
chards. Consequently I 
know what varieties are 
best adapted to >.,ur soil 
and climate. My s uck in¬ 
cludes all the money mak¬ 
ers—fancy and common va¬ 
rieties. They are well- 
grown, carefully packed, 
lly guaranteed. 1 pay freight, 
ree catalog of ornamental and fruit 
trees, shrubs,etc. C. A.Maxson, Mgr.Michigan 
Nursery & Orchard Co.,Kalamazoo, Mich. 
PEAR TREES 
B Quinces and Stock by Mail a Specialty 
and all other kinds of Trees and Plants. 
Catalogue Free. 
JOS. H. BLACK, SON & CO., 
Hightstown, New Jersey. 
NIGHT’S 
FRUIT PLANTS 
I)o you want the b®Bt 
northern K**“"'n. straw¬ 
berry, It h h p b « r r y , 
Blacklierry, C ur ran t 
ami Crape VINES 
WE HAVE THEM 
at a reasonable prices. We guarantee our planla to reach you In 
lint! growing condition ami true to name. Wo have ba<l 80 year*’ 
experience aim! ablp planta to every State; Our 32-page Catalog 
ia valuable to uny fruit grower. Send for It. 
DAVID KNIGHT & SON, Sawyer, Mich. 
ARE YOU READY 
to place your order for Fruit Trees now, 
while the Nurseries have a full stock, 
and while you have time to attend to 
it? Call’s Nurseries, Perry, ()., make a 
specialty of dealing direct with their cus¬ 
tomers. They employ no agents, hut 
have the reputation of sending out the 
finest trees that can be grown. Write 
them for Price List. 
Bargains in Surplus at 10 cts. each. 
* O All first-class. Fresh dug. No cold 
storage. 38th year. 80 page catalog. G. C. STONE’S 
Wholesale Nurseries, Datisville, New York. 
immmm 
la 
I Complete Assortment. Catalogue Free I 
GROVER NURSERY CO/LS.tfffl 
APPLE TREES, 
Nothing But Apple Trees. 
The Safest and BEST Apple 
Trees in the World. 
We offer nearly loo.ooo thrifty one and 
two year old apple tivew, all bred from 
Helected bearing parent*. Every tree 
our own growing. 
ROGERS ON THE HIM.,* 
Apple Breeders, Dansville, N. Y 
FRUIT TREES 
Start your orchard now. Fortunes have 
been made by it. Start right by planting hardy 
well-cultured stock that will live anywhere—■ 
guaranteed—materially less than agents’ price. 
Ask for prices on 1,000 lots. Illustrated 
catalogue free. 
Chattanooga Nurseries, Box 36, Chattanooga.Tenn. 
Strawberries 
Try Ekey 
for first choice. Rich, bright 
crimson, red flesh. Excellent 
fruit, very attractive. We have 
millions of strong plants ready 
for 1907. Every variety worth planting in¬ 
cluded. Write for late catalog of finest stock 
in this country of Strawberries. Apples, Pears, 
Peaches, Plums, Grapes, Cherries, Asparagus. 
Packed to arrive in perfect condition anywhere. 
HARRISON’S NURSERIES. 
BOX 2», BERLIN, MD. 
30 Years’ Experience 
In Fruit Growing 
Shall I tell you about it, and how 
to make a fruit garden? See free 
book as offered below. 
Charles A. Green. Pres. 
50 Apple, Peach or Plum 
Trees for $2.50^. 
_1— M - -- M., nn/1 M.vansast n ♦ litrn Inf lion 
Larger trees of apple, pear, peach and quince at live and let live 
prices- Bargains in all sizes of apple, peach and plum trees. 
Grapevines, berry bushes, asparagus roots and orna¬ 
mental shrubs and trees our specialty. 
Charles A. Green 
Has n national reputation for honest labeling, grading 
and packing. Send for Green's Free Fruit Guide and 
Catalog, also for sample of Green’s Big Fruit Magazine. 
When you send for these add the name and address of 
tiiree fruit growers and we will present you with C. A. 
Green’s book telling of 30 years growing fruit. See cut 
of cover, fr*? - 
GREEN’S NURSERY CO., Rochester, N. Y 
This Book Free 
For 3 Names 
'f&wIMade 
(fie&IdFjnnilhy.' 
<J1h . 
5 Vo» to Propoyat* 
FruitlivesandPlants. 
cJlho 
Fmi! Growing kt^epMTt j 
of/jo 
tsfrPwkiylVsm 
ByCktrht A Gr++n. 
STRAWBERRY PLANTS 
Best new and old varieties by dozen, hundred or million. BIr sweet ones, little old sour 
ones, light or dark color. Finest collection in America. GREAT BEARING. MONKY- 
MAKING VARIETIES. Also Raspberries, Blackberries, Currants, Grapes, Asparagus, 
Rhubarb. Hale’s Hordy Peaches, Apples, Plums, Quinces, and Cherries. Everything for 
high-grade fruit gardens. Catalog free. Send for it.. I. H . HALE. South Glastonbury, Conn. 
HEALTHY NATIVE-GROWN FRUIT TREES. 
ORNAMENTAL TREES, VINES, SHRUBS. ETC. 
We offer for Spring of 11107 the lluest, anil most complete list of Nursery Stock we have ever grown. 
Our stock can always be relied upon for It Is all selected and grown on our own grounds under constant 
expert inspection. We guarantee every specimen true to name andfreefrom disease. Give us a chance 
to figure on your list of wants before ordering elsewhere. We do LANDSCAPE GARDENING in all 
Its Branches. Write now for our Free Illustrated Catalogue. Address 
T. J. DWYER 6 COMPANY, ------ Box 1, Cornwall, New York. 
STRAWBERRIES 
big, red and luciousaro grown from ALLEN'S choice vigorous strawberry 
plants. None better. Good Luck, Chesapeake, Virginia, arid Cardinal now 
Glen Mary, Haverland, Dunlap, Marshall, Klondyke, Gandv, JSubach, Climax 
anil all best standard sorts, 90 varieties. Prices Right; DEWBERRIES, Aus¬ 
tin’s, Lucretia, and Premo. I have big stock and they are fine, also hasp- 
berry. Currant and Gooseberry plants, and Grape vines. In SEEDS I have 
the leading varieties for flold anil garden, my 1907 supply of Peas,Beans,Water¬ 
melon, Cantaloupe, and Cucumber seeds are vary choice. Millions of vegetable plants j 
My #0 page Catalog for 1907 tells about lots of good things for the farm anil garden and where 
. It's FREE. Send name and address on postal to W. F. ALLEN Dept. 17, Salisbury, ltd. 
In season, 
to get them 
WRITE ELM Iho crowning glory of Amorican forests. 8 to8, 8 to 10, 
* 10 to 12 feet, all other sizes up to 4 to 6 inches caliper. 
Large stock of other Shade and Ornamental Trees; Maple, Oak, Ash, lUrch, 
Aider, Outnlpu, Linden, Willow, Poplar, Etc. Large quantities of Oriontal 
Plane. A full line of Weeping nnd Drooping trees, also Evergreens, Shrubs, 
Vines, Puconlns, nnd other herbaceous plants. 60 acres of Hardy Roses, none 
better grown. A large and superb lot of Cunnus. 44 greenhouses of Palma, 
Ferns, Fleus, Araucarias, Geraniums, E verb loom lug Koses, and other 
things too numerous to mention. Seeds, Plants, Hones, Etc., by mail, 
postpaid. We guarantee snfo arrival and satisfaction. Larger by express 
or freight. An elegant 168-pngo Catalogue FREE. Send for it and see what 
values we glvo for a little money. Many choice sots Cheap. 63 years, 1280 acres 
THE ST0RRS & HARRISON CO., Box 459, PAINESVILLE, OHIO. 
WAUKEGAN NURSERIES 
Evergreen and Ornamental Trees 
Fruit Trees, Shade Trees, 
Shrubs, Vines, Roses, Etc. 
R. DOUGLAS’ SONS, 
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL 
WAUKEGAN, ILL. 
ryrm 'w ▼ *r ▼ ’ wyr’vwyrv y r- * 
OUR TREES BEAR FRUIT 
THEY REPRESENT PENNSYLVANIA’S BEST. EXTRA EINK STOCK FOR SPRING 
shipment, grown where the soil and climate produces the hardiest and best trees 
in the world. Apple, Pear, Plum, Peach, Cherry and Quince Trees in large assort¬ 
ment ; also Grape Vines, Currants, Gooseberry plants, Raspberry and Blackberry 
Hants. Shade and Ornamental Trees, highest indorsement. You cannot afford 
to miss getting our catalogue, our priees are right and stock the best. Write today. 
THE RIVERSIDE NURSERY CO., - - Confluence, Penna. 
J'. 
ft 
$ 
ft 
& 
:<>! 
100,000 Berry Plants 
NOW READY 
Burbank’s Phenomenals 
Red Logans 
Mammoth Blackberry 
and Other Varieties 
Catalogue Now Ready 
A. Mitting 
17 to 23 Kennan St. Santa Cruz, Cal. 
♦C* 
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# 
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