1907. 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
183 
ARSENATE OF LEAD AND BOR¬ 
DEAUX MIXTURE . 
How does arsenate of lead compare with 
Faris-green as an insecticide? When the 
arsenate is mixed with Bordeaux Mixture 
will any chemical combination be formed that 
would be injurious? 
In so far as my knowledge goes, there 
would be no chemical change either in 
the Bordeaux Mixture or in the arsenate 
of lead if they were mixed together, pro¬ 
vided the Bordeaux Mixture were prop¬ 
erly made and also the lead arsenate 
Geneva, N. Y. l. l. van slvke. 
Arsenate of lead, and especially Bow- 
ker’s Disparene, which is the same thing, 
has been used in Bordeaux Mixture with 
good results in many cases which come 
to my notice. Personally, I can see no 
particular reason ifor using Bordeaux 
with arsenate of lead in it, because Paris- 
green is cheaper, and the excess of lime 
in the Bordeaux forestalls any injury 
which might be caused by the Paris- 
green, so in general practice we have used 
the arsenate of lead where the poison 
alone was given, but used Paris-green in 
the mixture with the Bordeaux. 
W. E. BRITTON. 
Connecticut State Entomologist. 
If arsenate of lead is carefully pre¬ 
pared and is added to Bordeaux Mixture 
that is rightly made, there is no likeli¬ 
hood of a chemical change. Some fruit 
growers are quite careless in making 
Bordeaux Mixture and this poison. The 
copper sulphate is frequently not suffi¬ 
ciently neutralized with lime, and instead 
of mixing with it straight arsenate of 
lead, the acetate of lead and arsenate of 
soda, which form arsenate of lead, are 
added separately to the copper sulphate 
solution. Though it has not been to my 
knowledge determined by official chem¬ 
ists, I should think that there is a chance 
of a chemical change by such practice. 
However, if arsenate of lead is properly 
made and Bordeaux Mixture is well made, 
there ought not to be any danger in the 
use of the poison in this spray. There 
are three good poisons for the average 
orchardist, viz.: arsenate of lead, Paris- 
green and arsenite of soda, Kedzie 
formula. Arsenate of lead is less likely 
to injure the foliage than is Paris-green 
or arsenite of soda. It remains well in 
suspension, and there is therefore less 
difficulty in applying it at a uniform 
strength. Paris-green is the most reliable 
poison, and the law in this State fixing 
its standard has largely stopped the prac¬ 
tice of adulteration, and it may therefore 
be regarded as reliable. The arsenite of 
soda, Kedzie formula, is the cheapest 
poison that can be used, and is largely 
employed by our commercial fruit 
growers. It should be only used in Bor¬ 
deaux Mixture. One pint of this poison 
is equivalent to four ounces of Paris- 
green. P. J. PARROTT. 
Geneva, N. Y. Exp. Station. 
Arsenate of lead acts slower as an in¬ 
secticide than Paris-green, probably it 
yields less arsenic to solution. Thus, an 
application of Paris-green will kill Potato 
beetle slugs within 24 hours. Arsenate 
of lead needs two or three days to finish 
the work. I see less chance for a chem¬ 
ical reaction between arsenate of lead and 
other ingredients of Bordeaux Mixture 
than between Paris-green and the same 
mixture, because of the greater insolu¬ 
bility of the former. The mixture has 
been used with satisfaction by several or- 
chardists in this State. Probably it is 
slower in killing insects than Paris-green 
and Bordeaux, but I see no reason to 
doubt its effectiveness. E. H. jenkins. 
Conn. Exp. Station 
The practical outcome of our observa¬ 
tions and experiments has been that for 
shade tree work and in gardens and 
parks the arsenate of lead is the most 
desirable compound. For orchard work, 
where fungicides are to be used in con¬ 
nection with the arsenite, Paris-green in 
combination with the Bordeaux Mixture 
is recommended. The reason for that is 
that the chemical combination of Paris- 
green and of the Bordeaux Mixture is 
such that the two will unite and support 
each other very nicely, and neither will 
in any way interfere with or im¬ 
pair the effect of the other. Copper forms 
the basis of the Bordeaux Mixture, and 
it is copper that is used to unite with 
the arsenic in the Paris-green. In unit¬ 
ing arsenate of lead and the Bordeaux 
Mixture you add lead to the fungicide 
and lime to the insecticide, neither of 
which materials are needed, and while 
the two actually work together, I do not 
consider them so desirable in combina¬ 
tion as Paris-green and Bordeaux. There 
is no doubt that a reaction takes place 
between the two mixtures, which neu¬ 
tralizes the color effect on the foliage, 
so that while you can see where the ar¬ 
senate of lead or the Bordeaux alone has 
been sprayed, yet the combination leaves 
no trace of the spray upon the foliage. 
It does not impair the action of the in¬ 
secticide. Whether it impairs the action 
of the fungicide I am not in position to 
say positively, because I have not 
watched control experiments. Some or- 
chardists use the combination and are 
satisfied with it. I never oppose its use, 
and on the other hand, never recom¬ 
mend it. JOHN B. SMITH. 
New Jersey Station. 
We have frequently used arsenate of 
lead along with Bordeaux, and it works 
in every way satisfactorily. I can see no 
reason why, if the two are made sep¬ 
arately and then mixed, that there 
should be any Interference, for the lead 
arsenate is an insoluble substance, which 
I think would not be influenced by the 
presence of anything in the Bordeaux 
Mixture. If you undertook to mix the 
materials together for making the lead 
arsenate and the Bordeaux Mixture at 
the same time, of course you then would 
not in all probability get what you would 
desire, but if you had the lead arsenate 
properly made and then mix it with Bor¬ 
deaux Mixture, I can see no reason from 
chemical grounds why there should be 
any interchange which would affect the 
material unfavorably. We have tried 
sodium arsenite in connection with the 
Bordeaux Mixture and find that it works 
well. In this case also the effect of 
bringing the sodium arsenite in contact 
with the Bordeaux would secure the 
same result, in my opinion, as you would 
get whether you used Bordeaux Mixture 
or whether you used lime alone. The 
Kedzie formula was first printed in a 
report of the State Board of Agriculture 
in 1896, page 119. It is a short cut for 
making calcium arsenite. The arsenite 
of calcium was formerly made by treat¬ 
ing white arsenic with lime, and required 
quite a long time to boil. My father 
suggested that if you dissolved the white 
arsenic in sal soda, which being so much 
more soluble in water gave a stronger 
alkali solution, that the white arsenic 
would be brought much more easily into 
solution, and then on the addition of 
lime the arsenite of sodium would inter¬ 
act with the lime, producing calcium ar¬ 
senite. It has been used very extensively 
the world over, and has so far as I know 
only one drawback, namely, the white 
color. This could easily be remedied by 
mixing in the substance when made a 
little ultramarine blue, which would not 
in any way destroy the effect of the poi¬ 
sonous material and would give it a de¬ 
cided tint,—in fact it would be a good 
thing to introduce, as I. believe the crit¬ 
icism regarding the material being white 
is a just one. It adds much to the dan¬ 
ger involved. frank s. kedzie. 
Michigan Station. 
R. N.-Y.—We give below the formula 
for the “Kedzie Mixture,” as given by 
Dr. R. C. Kedzie: 
Dissolve the arsenic by boiling with car¬ 
bonate of soda, and thus insure complete 
solution; which solution can be kept ready 
to make a spraying solution whenever needed. 
To make the material for 800 gallons of 
spraying mixture, boil two pounds of white 
arsenic with eight pounds of sal soda (crys¬ 
tals of carbonate of soda—‘washing soda’—- 
found in every grocery and drug-shop) in two 
gallons of water. Boil these materials in 
any iron pot not used for other purposes. 
Boil for 15 minutes or until the arsenic dis¬ 
solves, leaving only a small muddy sediment. 
But this solution into a two gallon jug and 
label “Poison,” stock material for spraying 
mixture. The spraying mixture can be pre¬ 
pared whenever required, and in the quantity 
needed at the time by slaking two pounds 
of lime, adding this to 40 gallons of water: 
pour into this a pint of the stock arsenic 
solution. Mix by stirring thoroughly and the 
spraying mixture is ready for use. The 
arsenic in the mixture is equivalent to four 
ounces of Paris-green. The pot, jug, etc., 
must never be used for any other purpose 
after using it for making this mixture. If 
an additional pound or two of lime be 
added to the mixture it will help to make 
the application permanent and conspicuous 
without in any way interfering with its 
effect. In using it the extra lime should be 
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