206 
TIIE RURAL NEW-YORKER: 
IVTarcIi 0, 
“BREEDING OUT” PEACH YELLOWS 
Will there be any tendency to eliminate 
Pencil yellows by breeding from pedigreed 
stock, taking buds and seed from trees which 
stood the longest period free from disease? 
Will nursery stock from the Southern Slates 
be less liable to get this disease than north¬ 
ern stock? Is there any proof that the dis¬ 
ense Is transferable from one tree to an¬ 
other except by budding? 
I should think the tendency would be to 
reduce I’each yellows by taking buds and 
seeds from the most resistant trees, hut 
practically this may not work out properly, 
as changed conditions may make the young 
trees less resistant to the disease. I have 
no meuns of judging this point. I have 
heard observing fruit growers say that they 
had taken out yellows trees and dragged them 
through tlie orchard, inoculating every tree 
touched by the diseased one; also that In 
case ol’ a diseased tree on a slope or hill¬ 
side, the trees immediately below it became 
diseased, presumably through the soil. I al¬ 
ways advocate the destruction of the tree on 
the spot, riot allowing any portion of the treo 
to be carried through the orchard. 
Delaware Exp. Station. c. r. close. 
* Pencil yellows certainly Is transferable 
aside from by bud inoculation, for there are 
everywhere cases of old trees which looked 
ns healthy as possible at the good age of 
12 to 15 years going down later with unmis¬ 
takable yellows; and I cannot believe that 
these old trees were contaminated in the 
nursery row and no evidence showNI till the 
late hour. Again, why should yellows cases 
In young blocks break out so regularly In 
groups of two or more If not because of local 
transmission? In the presence of tin 1 disease 
all trees take yellows, no mutter where 
grown. I have set Florida trees, hut they 
were not immune, I am convinced that pit 
Infection sometimes occurs, as the character¬ 
istic shoots occasionally appear below the 
bud before there Is any top evidence. The 
use of southern natural pits Is common, and 
I believe prevents pit Infection. Once 1 
thought to lake buds from the Stragglers re¬ 
maining healthy In a yellows-swept orchard, 
but a year later revealed infection In most 
of the stragglers, and hence I would con¬ 
demn Ibis plan. To use buds from an old 
orchard which had never shown yellows would 
he Ideal, hut to find such orchards Is about 
impossible. I think nursery row buds are 
generally clear as any If no old peach trees 
are In the section, yet I believe a separate 
plot of seedlings should be grown for bud 
production solely, and that a year after these 
have been budded the orchard trees which 
furnished the buds should be examined “to 
test out the pedigree," as It were. 
P. L. I1UESTED. 
N. Y. Dept, of Agriculture. 
About the same chance of success that you 
would have In breeding men to escape 
small pox with it conllnnnliy around. In 
rite n.t nntlme, while the other fellow Is breed¬ 
ing to eliminate I will lake eradication for 
mine, and try to have none within a mile or 
more of m.v trees. This will answer also 
the second question. If healthy stock Is 
used I do not think it makes a particle of 
difference where the trees come from. Ques¬ 
tion three Is readily answered by having a 
few trees for seed In your orchard and noting 
the fact that some of the next cast's are 
sure to join the diseased ones, and the rapid¬ 
ity of increase follows number of cases al¬ 
ready present. a. q. gullet. 
Conn. Agl. (’allege. 
The truth of the matter In regard to 
Peach yellows is that no man can give any 
light on the subject, nor prescribe any rem¬ 
edy that will he effectual. I think this breed¬ 
ing from pedigreed stock is all nonsense, and 
I do not believe that nursery stock from the 
Southern States would he any less liable to 
contract the disease than our northern stock. 
There Is abundant proof that can he shown 
by peach growers In Michigan that the dis¬ 
ease is transferable In other ways than by 
budding. For example; In conversation 
with a Michigan man who had a large or¬ 
chard that had suffered from this disease 
he told me that trees he had cut out under 
the law seemed to have Infected other trees 
In the orchard through which they were 
dragged In order to get them out of fjte 
way. s. D. WILLARD. 
New York. 
Peach yellows Is unknown In the Middle 
South ; hence, nursery stock grown south Is 
not likely to transmit the disease as readily 
as trees grown In northern sections, where 
this trouble seems to he permanent. Not 
having experimented in budding trees with 
buds taken from diseased stock, we are un¬ 
able to state whether the disease Is trans¬ 
ferable from one tree to another by budding, 
or not. Put experiments have lieen made 
with Peach rosette, and the conclusion Is 
that buds taken from affected trees and In¬ 
serted upon healthy stocks will transmit 
that: disease. p. j. incite kmans eo. 
Georgia. 
The tendency of any disease like the Peach 
yellows is to overcome and destroy the 
health and vigor Id' all poach trees where It 
prevails. According to the law of nature the 
use of seeds, slocks and buds of full health 
and vigor lu propugutlug new stock is the 
•way to check the weakening Inroads of dis¬ 
ease. Of course In following this plan the 
tendency Is to eliminate disease, but it de¬ 
pends on which is the stronger. Whether 
taking buds from trees that have Stood the 
longest period free from disease is better 
than from young trees 1 do not know. Will 
nursery stock from the Southern States he 
less liable to get the disease than northern 
stock? Theoretically, yes—practically, there 
is not much In my experience to show It. 
Is there any proof that tin* disease Is Trans¬ 
ferable from one tree to another except by 
budding? We know that In a large orchard 
whole districts will go off speedily, and other 
districts in the same orchard will remain for 
years nearly Intact. We do not think the 
difference is caused by budding, but It is diffi¬ 
cult to get the proof, though it is plain 
enough for [tractleal purposes. 
NORMAN 8. PLATT. 
' Connecticut Pomologlst. 
I have sometimes thought certain varieties 
more susceptible to yellows than others, hut 
have concluded that a tree of a certain 
vailety that under similar conditions appar¬ 
ently resists the disease longer is the result 
of chance rather than of any inherited re 
slstance • to the disease. I would riot care, 
as far as yellows is concerned, where the 
buds or seeds come from, except that they he 
from healthy trees. Two orchards of south¬ 
ern-grown trees have been observed by me 
the past few years, and have Incurred the 
same loss from yellows as northern-grown 
trees under similar conditions. Regarding 
transference from one tree to another, there 
is no proof, but lots of evidence. A new 
case of .vel’owH allowed to stand until after 
blossoming the following' year Is Invariably 
followed by an outbreak of several trees the 
following year. If transferable by hud, why 
not by a pollen grain, it being only a smaller 
divided part of the parent tree? Some of the 
most Intelligent growers in western New 
York assert that to cut down a yellows trge 
and drag through orchard so branches would 
come In contact with healthy trees will trans¬ 
mit the disease, and even furnish proof that 
looks quite plausible and has ls'en strong 
enough to convince themselves; therefore they 
follow the practice of cutting off branches, 
putting on wagon or stone boat and covering 
with canvas before drawing through orchard. 
B. D. VAN BtlltEN. 
ALL AT 0NCE\ 
[ 7 1 ,1 fit n », . 1 f, ,n4 mm _ / *1 
I Plant and fertilize as you go. Corn, peas, 
I beans, beets, eie., planted and fertilizer de¬ 
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I with the 
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and Fertilizer Distributer. 
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FENCE 
7 "\/\/ 
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BOX eg;; WINCHESTER, INDIANA 
THE 
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. Ori.i-monfal 
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IF 
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Grapes are heavy consumers of 
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Potash 
at the root of the vine means a pro¬ 
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93 Nassau Street, New York 
HUBBARD’S FERTILIZERS 
ARE 
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IN THE BEST 
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FORMS OF 
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RICH CROPS AT HARVEST 
Send for 11H17 Almanac and Prices. 
THE ROGERS & HUBBARD CO., Fertilizer Manufacturers, Middletown. Conn. 
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Largest producers of asphalt in the world 
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