1607. 
TIIE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
229 
Fruits In Ohio. 
n. It. C., him a, ().—What sweet cherry 
would you recommend Immediately lo follow 
Gov. Wood In order of ripening? Is (here 
nny hlncklterry worthy the place of Snyder 
In Ohio? Among blackenps, would one iiiIhh 
II In plant lug (’umherland and f'onrath? 
A ns. —-Windsor is a cherry of the sweet 
class that ripens just after Governor 
Wood, but is not so sweet as some other 
varieties. Bing, which is a new variety 
that originated in Oregon, is of the same 
season, and a large and very dark red 
or almost black cherry. It is not gener¬ 
ally sold by the eastern nurseries as yet. 
There are blackberries of better quality 
than Snyder that ripen about the same 
time, but none is quite so productive, nor 
have they been so thoroughly tested, ex¬ 
cept some of the old ones, such as Law- 
ton and Kittatinny. Ward is a new one 
of much promise and well worthy of 
trial. Cumberland and Courath are two 
of the very best blackcap raspberries 
known. Kansas is another of those that 
are almost without fault. 
II, E. VAN HEM AN. 
“ Nitro-Culture " Once More. 
h. ('. !>., Put in-Ha //, <>. Is nil m cull lire 
a need fertilizer for nil kinds of Held crops? 
How Is II applied? 
A ns.- We have been expecting this 
“nitro-cullurc” to come up again. Il is not 
a fertilizer at all. As is well known, 
plants like clover, Alfalfa, peas and beans 
improve the soil in which they arc grown. 
It has been shown that this improvement 
is mostly due to the nitrogen which these 
crops add to the soil. Scientific experi¬ 
ments show that this nitrogen is taken 
from the air and made into the body of 
the plant. It enters the plant through the 
little knots or nodules which are often 
seen on the roots of clover or peas. The 
work of absorbing and bidding it is done 
by tiny germs or forms of life known as 
bacteria. Unless these germs are present 
the nitrogen will not be saved and thus 
gained. The little “knobs” are really the 
houses in which millions of these germs 
live. Unless these bacteria are present in 
the soil the plants will not act to save and 
hold the nitrogen from the air. ft is 
claimed that one great reason why Al¬ 
falfa, cow peas or Crimson clover often 
fail when started in a new locality is be¬ 
cause these bacteria arc not in the soil 
—therefore the plants cannot thrive as 
they should. The theory is that if these 
bacteria can be added to the soil they will 
grow rapidly and thus become numerous 
enough to help the crops. To do ibis 
about MOO pounds of soil from a field 
where Alfalfa grows well is scattered 
over an acre of new seeding with the 
seed. This is called “inoculating” the 
soil, and it generally helps to start the 
crop. “Nitro-culturc” is the result of 
efforts to introduce these bacteria with¬ 
out using the soil. The bacteria are cul¬ 
tivated or grown in warm water. When 
they become plentiful cotton is clipped ill 
the water and then dried thus leaving 
the dried bacteria. The cotton is then 
sefiled and sent to those who order it. 
'I bis "nitro-culturc” is put in pure water 
with sugar and certain chemicals, so that 
the bacteria may develop and spread all 
through the water. The seeds are then 
wetted with this liquid and sown—the 
theory being that they thus carry the bac¬ 
teria with them. The theory is all right, 
but both experiment and practice seems to 
show that this “nitro-culturc” is inferior 
to actual soil. We would not advise 
farmers to buy it except as an experiment. 
Depth of Driven Well. 
J. L. If., Hrooldi/n, N. Y. Could those who 
have hail Home experience In the matter tell 
ine about the greatest depth at which a 
driven well not drilled can he lined miiIIh- 
faetorlly through Hand and clay subsoil? 
Ans, —Driven wells arc a success 
wherever water may be found in sandy 
subsoil not too far below the surface for 
a pump to work well. The writer spent 
most of his school life in a town which 
was located on what was some time in 
the past ages a sand bar in the Mississippi 
I-tiyer. The river ran along one side of 
the town, and there was a lake at the 
opposite side. The highest part of the 
town was only a few feet above the level 
of the water in the river. To obtain 
good water in that place was a very sim¬ 
ple matter, and was done by driving a 
pipe having a “point” on the lower end 
into the earth and attaching a pump to 
the upper end. The point consisted of a 
piece of iron pipe about two feet long, 
drilled full of small holes, which were 
covered with fine brass gauze or strainer 
soldered on. The lower end was armed 
with a cast-iron point about the shape 
of a plumb bob, and a trifle larger than 
the strainer pipe. So simple a matter 
was it to obtain water that whenever 
a stonemason or plasterer needed water 
for his work he would drive a pipe down 
into the ground beside his mortar box 
and screw on a little pitcher pump, and 
he could have all the water he needed 
by simply pumping. For permanent 
wells, the residents of Ibis place usually 
dug a hole large enough for a man to 
work in and deep enough to be below 
frost (eight or nine feet), and curbed or 
stoned it up; then drove the pipe down 
till a good supply of water was reached, 
then placed the cylinder of the pump it 
the bottom of the curbed hole. A small 
hole was drilled into the pipe a short dis 
tancc above the cylinder for draining the 
upper part of the pipe, and thus prevent 
freezing in cold weather. Driven wells 
will not work well where water is found 
in clay or very fine silt, which would 
clog up the strainer in the point, and of 
course il would be impossible to drive a 
pipe into the earth where large stones 
would be encountered. Where water is 
found in coarse sand or gravel layers 
and no large stones are in the way, the 
driven well is the cheapest and most sat¬ 
isfactory well. j. M. DREW, 
“l“DE , |TC Bargains in Surplus at III <*t.n. each 
* Ivtto All IlfHlcInHH. Fresh tlllg. No colli 
tonico, mil ymir K0 page entiling. (I.O.STONICN 
WIioioHnlc Nurseries, I )nnsvllle, Non York. 
STRAWBERRY PLANTS W 5} 
mnv entiling free.today, I'rlcus from $1.26 |i«r 1000 up. 
IIWIII ltoDWAV, - llurtly, Del. 
NIGHTS 
FRUIT PLANTS 
Do you wniit (ho hunt 
northern kidWiiHIiuw 
hurry. It n m |t ton rty 
llliu'klrt’rry, (J u r r n n t 
niul llmpi* VINES 
WE HAVE THEM 
ut a ro&ROfiAhlo prlcu. Wo gimiiiitow our pluiiln to roneli you In 
llit« growing rofulltlon noil trim to mime. W» Imvn hml no yrmV 
•'Xporluht'O mol nIiI|i plntitM uvury Hintc. Our 112 jingo ('ul.ulog 
In viilimhU to uuy fruit KruWer. Heml for II. 
DAVID KNIGHT & HON.Nuwyer, Mich. 
P EACH TREES 
PLUM TREES 
And nil other kinds of Trees nnd Plants. 
Catalogue Free. 
JOS. H. BLACK, SON & CO.. 
Hightstown, New Jersey. 
UK NOW APPLES 
I-vo HOkl many nig or¬ 
chards. Oonsequontly I 
know what varieties nro 
limit, adapted to your noil 
and oitmnto. My stuck In- 
cludoH all tin* money .mak¬ 
ers- fancy ami common va¬ 
riation. They aro well- 
i v ‘/A V. L'jy grown, carefully packed, 
•^viwwIIN^fully guaranteed. I pay freight.. 
Free catalog of ornamental and Irtilt 
treen, Mhrulm.cte. O.A.Mazuon, Mgr-Midlilmiii 
Nursery ft. Ornharil Oo., Kalsnm/.oo, Mirh. 
.WBERRIES 
A • | Ijl IK'WII » , vooiiv 
7 peaks, Virginia and 
yfZi'Pi' Cardinal, n.w Ohm i 
M nrv. llavarland. < 
big, r«tl nnd luscious 
urn grown from 
ALLEN’S oholoO 
vigorous atrawla-rry 
planta. Nona hatter. 1 " 
timid I.urk, C’heMo. 
Mary, llavarland, v 
lnitdap, Marahall, fj ' 
„ K land vita. Dandy, 
lluhack, (lllmax, and all 
Oii- it Ulandaril aorta, no varieties. 
Trices right. DEWBERRIES, 
.. , I.ucrotlft, and i’ranio. I have big -'Ji 
Hindi and tin y are lino, Alan l(nnpbarry,Our- 
P.ViY’.Yrii 
Austins, 
nil limit are nna. yiiaunoapnorry, vur- * 
rant anil (looseberry planta, anil (Irnpa AYJh 
v 1 non. Ill SEEDS 1 liavo tho loading varle 
tins for fluid ami garden. My 1007 mipply of r ' 
I'nun, llanne. Watermelon, Can talon im, and f‘ 
, (,’ueuinliar lined* la vary shots*. Millions ' 
I nr vagatiihla planta In aaaaoii. My AO paga 
I Catalogue for 11/07 tall* about lota or good 
I thing*Tor the farm and garden and where to 
Igatthain. IT'S FREE. Heml name unit ad- 
Jxli an* on postal to day to 
W. F. ALLEN, 
Dopt. 17 | >Nllibury, Maryland 
K. H.Macy & Co.’b attractions arc their low prices 
Write today for our new 
Friifl 5750 I’ngo Cats* 
logue. 
34th to 35th St. 
TO THE FARMERS OF AMERICA. 
We offer you tin opportunity full of advantage and satisfaction and saving 
for you, an Opportunity lo do your buying in New York. We offer you the 
fullest measure of profit and benefit that the city can bestow. 
Heretofore farm life, rich in advantages, has had one great drawback, it 
Inis been necessary to buy all goods without comparison of price and quality. 
Purchasing without a chance lo choose. Mncy’s changes all this. Every 
article you buy at MALY'S Inis stood in competition for price and 
quality with all the great stores of New York. Thun flic New York 
iltlle proven the value of everything //<>»« buy til Jflttry’n. 
To you, to every progressive farmer in America, 
WC offer tin- full advantages, all tile saving and tile 
satisfaction of dealing with the Great Mucy’s. We 
say to you. to every American farmer, and to every 
American farmer's wife, von can shop at Mary’s the 
same as if you lived in New York if you have the 
Macy Catalogue. And we want to send this Cata¬ 
logue to you. 
par box of (! prs of Mary’s 
Famous Homo. For Man, 
Woman or < Mi I l<l roll. 
This Is one of the groat box 
hosiery specials so famous at 
Mary's. A box of six pairs of 
hose for only 72$!. Nowhere ex¬ 
cepting Only at, Mary's ran you 
gut smdi great hosiery values. In 
ordering, state size, and whether 
men's, women’s or children's, 
hose aro wanted. 
Children's hose are made with 
double knees as well as double 
lioels and toes. Special box price, 
l/ox containing six pairs of hose, 
only 72<). Our dntnloguo lists 
thousands of other price-saving 
bargains. Wo aro going to send you a copy free if 
you give ns your namo and address. 
R.II.MACY&LO., itoeai r.iit. Broad way. New York 
72c: 
$2^2. 
FOR THIS 
BOY’S OUTFIT. 
We offer you this hoys’ out- 
lit for only $2.22 simply as lin ox- 
ample of what you cun save In 
buying at Mary's. But If you 
have a hoy you certainly must 
take advantage of this offer. 
This suit is strongly made of 
good r.hovlot, In navy blue 
or dark grey. The root is 
double-breasted, well lined 
with heavy farmer satin, 
and all seams ate double 
stitched. Out to he shapely and made to hold 
Its shape. Can hn bail in all sizes from H to III 
years. The Idolise waist Is of striped ginghams 
In a variety of colors or in plain blue chiunhniy. 
A neat appearing blouse for hard wear. We offer 
this boys' outfit, both suit and blouse, exactly as 
described and illustrated,only $2.22. I’ostage 
EVERGREENS 
Nursery grown, hardy everywhere. 
All si'/,OH for all purposes, lowest 
prices. Wi bargain lots, llrst class, 
prepaid il to $H) per 100. Also NurH- 
‘ erv grown Forest Trees. 
FREE: One beautiful Black mil 
Borneo to every customer, fiend 
for froe Oat. and Bargain Sheet. 
I). IIII1. Everiirccn .Specbill.vt 
Box 7-1, Dundee, III. 
FRUIT TREES 
Start ymir orchard now. Fortunes have 
been made liy it. Start rijrlit by planting hardy 
well-cultured stock that will live anywhere— 
guaranteed- materially less than agents’ price. 
Ask for prices on 1,000 lots. Illustrated 
catalogue tree. 
Chattanooga Nurseries, Box 36, Chnttnnoog'n.Tcnn. 
Where Are Your Apples Going? 
TAII) you over stop to think of 
” the opportunities open to tho 
OAHHIFUL A I *1*1,10 GROW Kit, 
amt the possibilities of a HI’HJ- 
OIALTHADIfl In supplying 1)1- 
ItlOi T TO Til Hi < 'ONHUM Kit,the 
HIUIIKHTQUALITY apples, put 
up In MM Aid. DACHAU If,B7 
There I* no business which 
offers bettor prospects for tlio 
future. 
But you must start, right. 
You must get out of tho old ruts. 
Yon cannot do It with the Ben DavIs-auythlng-tO- 
ll11 up-on kind. 
It Is not a <|UCHtloii of quantity, hut. QUALITY, 
and not, only tho IIIUHHHT QUALITY, hut, every 
apple grown to tho JIIGlllDHT Plfllljf ICUTION, 
You cannot do this by tllO old way ol growing 
apples oil tho high headed, ‘ 'sky soranor" stylo of 
trees. You must keep them down whore you cun 
watch every apple. 
m lump the heads down and not only grow ns 
pplos, hut MOIIM AITL1CH and UKTTEU 
You can 
iiuiuy apples, 
a F Flics. 
.t*i> 
free only on nppllnatlnu) will tell you about tho 
plan of low heaillng, clone planting and tho kinds 
you need for this special purpose. 
Why not decide now VV11 Kills YOUU AI'I’LISH 
A HIS UOINU, and work for I he highest market by 
growing the FINISHT A1TLKH IN TUB WORLDf 
ROGERS 
Applo Brooder 
HASSX, 
To 
prove they aro 
healthy and vigorous we’ll 
send Kour Trim* 3 yrs. old frsa to | 
property owners. Mailing nx- 
jiense Be. A postal will bring I 
them and our catalog with M | 
’colored plates. Write today. 
TUB OARDNKK NURHKRY 0<L. 
Box 810, Osage, Iowa. 
NURSERIES sell Direct 
puy freight, give FULL value 
Founded 1825. Large NEW Fruit Book 
froe. STARK BRO’S. Louisiana, Mo. 
m 
free. & 1 
CARFFS fruts 
Free 
will send free :t splendid Illnekherry 
plants post-paid to Introduce and 
prove my stock the linest grown. 
Many of my customers realize | 
9300 MIOITIT l'KIl ACItlS 
Mr haiKicom*, n»* <>*Ulof of iujibU frutta, fruit I 
ami ornamental traaB, farm *U(I (antaii ■•••!$ Blxl [ 
general tiurKrf atook Bant fra*. (Jat It—writ# khdaj. 
W. N. Heitrff, New Carlisle. O. 
ARHYOU READY 
to place your order for Fruit Trees now, 
while tlie Nurseries have a full stock, 
and while you have time to attend to 
it? Call’H Nurfieries, l’erry, 0., make a 
specialty of dealing direct with their cus¬ 
tomers. They employ no agents, hut 
have the reputation of sending out tho 
finest trees that can he grown. Write 
them for Price List. 
ON 
THE HILL 
Dansvillo, N. Y. 
BERRY PLANTS 
We are headquarters for plants 
of the now "Oswego" strawberry 
and M> other bust now and old 
varieties. Also tho "t’him 
Farmer" I'/ispl/orry and other 
desirable kinds of Raspl/errlc*, 
Itlacliberries and other Fruit 
I’lnntM, etc. S3 years experience. 
Highest.awartlHat World’s t'alr. We 
lavite corroHj/ondonco. eaialog free. 
L. J. Farmsr, Box 720, Pulaski, N. t. 
HEALTHY NATIVE-GROWN FRUIT TREES. 
ORNAMENTAL TREES, VINES. StIRURS. ETC. 
Wo offer for Hprlug of 11107 tho Uncut and most complete list of Nursory Stock wo havo over grown. 
Our stock can always ho rolled Upon for It Is all selected and grown on our own grounds under comitnnt 
export Inspection. We guarantee every specimen true to name and free from disease, (live us a chance 
to Itguro on your list Of wants before ordering elsewhere. We do LANDSCAPE (> AIIDKNING In all 
ts lirunoliON. Write now for our Free Illust rated Catalogue. Address 
T. J. DWYER Cl COMPANY..Box 1, Cornwall. Now York. 
Fruit Trees That Will Live . 
MAI/ihoN, WlH., Fell. 6. 11X17. 
I,list year on our farm at Wallingford. Conn., wo planted some 4,(K)0 pencil trees, pur¬ 
chased from you. Not over half a dozen failed to grow. The trues were clean, thrifty and 
all right. VV. A. HUNRY A HON, per W. A. llonry. 
Above testimonial received by uh from Prof. ITenry, I)eau of the 
College of Agriculture, University of Wisconsin, certainly speaks well 
for our stock. (let our free, catalog and give un a chance to figure on 
your wants. BARNES BROS. NURSERY CO., Box K, YalesvllTe, Conn. 
‘STRAWBERRY PLANTS THAT GROW.” 
runt and drape I’liml h, Aspurug iim Root 
“True lo Name'’ and of grade represented, 
to all who ask for it. 
Bent varieties, also Kitupborry 
___ _ II lack berry, Gooseberry, Gar* 
Asparagus Knots and Seed I’olatoes Jn assortment. All Ntork Warranted 
Descriptive Catalog with Cultural Instructions Free 
il. K. WIIITTEN, Hex II, Itrlilgman, lYllcli. 
TREES 
PLAIN, CLEAN, 
HARDY, RELIABLE 
Fruit Trees 
With Nothing on Thorn But a TRUE LABEL. 
Our catalog with endoi-MOitionts will prove to you that the most careful conservative I’lanlers want 
ourtrees. II. N. WII.KY .V HON, Drawer l!4)4, Cayuga, New York. 
OUR TREES BEAR FRUIT 
THEY KEI’KEHKNT I’KNNXYI.VAN I A’H HICHT. EXTRA FINE MTOGK FOR SPUING 
shipment, grown where the soil mid climate produces the hardiest and best trees 
in Lite world. Apple, Pear, Plum, Peach, Cherry and Quince Trees in large assort¬ 
ment; also drape Vines, Currants, dooseberry Wants, Raspberry and Blackberry 
Plants. Hhadc and Ornamental Trees, highest indorsement. You cannot afford 
to miss getting our catalogue, our prices aro right and stock the best. Write today. 
THE RIVERSIDE NURSERY CO., - - Confluence, Penna, 
