576 
July 2?, 
The Rural New-Yorker 
THE BUSINESS FARMER'S PARER. 
A National Weekly Journal for Country and Suburban Homes. 
Established 1850. 
Entered at New York as Second Class Matter. 
Herbert w. Coi.lingwood, Editor. 
Du. Walter Van Fleet, I „ 
Mrs. K. T. Kovlk, [Associates. 
John J. Dillon, Business Manager. 
SUBSCRIPTION: ONE DOLLAR A YEAR. 
To foreign countries in the Universal Postal Union, S2 04 
equal to Ss. 0d., or H l / 2 marks, or 10y 3 francs. 
“A SQUARE DEAL.” 
We believe that every advertisement in this paper is 
backed by a responsible person. Hut to make doubly sure 
we will make good any loss to paid subscribers sustained 
by trusting any deliberate swindler advertising in our col¬ 
umns, and any such swindler will be publicly exposed. We 
protect subscribers against rogues, but we do not guarantee 
to adjust trifling differences between subscribers and honest, 
responsible advertisers. Neither will we be responsible for 
the debts of honest bankrupts sanctioned by the courts. 
Notice of the complaint must be sent to us within one 
month of the time of the transaction, and you must have 
mentioned The Rural New-Yorker when writing, the adver¬ 
tiser. 
Name and address of sender, and what the remittance 
Is for, should appear in every letter. 
Remittances may be made in money order, express order, 
personal check or bank draft. 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER, 
409 Pearl Street, New Y'ork. 
SATURDAY, JULY 27, 1907. 
TEN WEEKS FOR 10 CENTS. 
In order to introduce The R. N.-Y. to progressive 
intelligent farmers who do not now take it, we send it 
10 weeks for 10 cents for strictly introductory purposes. 
We depend on our old friends to make this known to 
neighbors and friends. 
* 
In this discussion of “clover sickness” we must re¬ 
member that stable manure is alkaline. It sweetens the 
soil much as lime does, besides filling it with humus and 
with life in the form of bacteria. It is also quite likely 
that the different varieties of clover, such as Red, Mam¬ 
moth and Alsike, require different bacteria to do their 
best. 
* 
Many of our readers are interested in patents and 
inventions. We have many questions about such things. 
1 hey seem to appeal to intelligent people. Why are 
Patents granted? What is a patent and what does it 
represent? Who is benefited by it? These and other 
questions are important and we have arranged with a 
principal examiner in the patent office to tell us all 
about it. 
* 
One of the most amusing things we have seen in 
print lately is a statement in a Buffalo paper that our 
old friend, James W. Wadsworth, is to be nominated 
for governor of New York. There are something like 
100,000 farmers in New York who were denied the 
privilege of knifing Mr. Wadsworth because they did 
not live in the Thirty-fourth District. They would like 
to have him run where they could get at him. 
* 
This is the season for telling the wonders of Alfalfa. 
Before we got our first crop off the ground the second 
crop was nearly six inches high. How that crop does 
jump to celebrate the coming of hot weather! Would 
you know what to do with four tons of wheat bran? 
These Alfalfa farmers are getting the equivalent of that 
out of an acre of Alfalfa. Surely it pays to work and 
spend some money to get such a crop started. Right 
now is the time to get ready for it, as the middle of 
August is the time for seeding in this latitude. 
* 
We have many letters from growers who ask about 
Summer spraying to kill the scale. Most of them 
sprayed last Fall or Spring, but now find some live 
scales left. As a commercial proposition we doubt the 
wisdom of Summer spraying. If you use a wash strong 
enough to kill the covered scales you will, most likely, 
hurt the trees. If you use a mild wash and kill only 
the unprotected insects you will have to keep spraying 
all Summer, for new broods will be constantly hatching 
out. If we had trees badly covered we would destroy 
them outright, or let them go until Fall, feeding them 
well to promote growth. Early in the Fall we would 
cut them back and soak with spray. 
* 
We submit the following proposition to our readers. 
They can help settle it if anyone can: 
We have a rural cemetery, a most beautiful spot, overlook¬ 
ing the bills along the Mississippi River, one of the hand¬ 
somest views I know of. Wo have tried many schemes of 
keeping it clean, but .so far without much success. There 
are a few who are faithful in their labors and contributions, 
while the many simply do nothing. In your acquaintance 
of rural affairs do you know of any successful mode of in¬ 
teresting the community in helping clean their cemeteries? 
This problem of beautifying the rural cemetery is a 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKE 
timely one. Such places ought to be like parks, neatly 
kept and planted with shrubs and trees. Surely in this 
way we can show our love for those who have gone 
before. In fact, however, most of those “burying 
grounds” are hideous in their ugliness and lack of care. 
They are often grown up to weeds and briars—some¬ 
times even used as pasture—when they might be made 
attractive. We know how hard it is to interest people 
in such work, yet here and there we see evidence that 
it has been done. Usually a few public-spirited persons 
must do most of the work at first. Will they not tell 
us how to start such cemeterj' reform and how to in¬ 
terest people in the work? 
* 
State Horticultural Commissioner (Cooper, of Cali¬ 
fornia, has sent to the various county boards of that 
State a set of orders concerning the white fly insect. 
Here is a sample: 
It is therefore ordered, that all infested trees, plants or 
other forms of vegetation upon which the said Aleyrodes 
citrl feeds shall be immediately destroyed, by the removal 
and burning of all portions liable to infestation. In the 
case of trees, the whole foliage-bearing surface must be re¬ 
moved, leaving only the bare trunks, and these trunks must 
be treated with a thorough coating of whitewash composed 
of quicklime slaked with water. 
This is a stern order, but Mr. Cooper seems to have 
the authority to enforce it. No one will doubt that 
strict and prompt obedience would in the end be profit¬ 
able to California. Suppose we had some one in New 
York State who had the right to issue such an order 
regarding the San Jose scale, or to force the spraying 
of every tree. Would it help or hurt New York? 
* 
The following letter is sent us from London, Eng¬ 
land. It is from an American reader now traveling in 
Europe: 
I hope that before I reach my home you will have caused 
the officials of the A. J. C. C. publicly to admit their short¬ 
comings, for a recent conversation I had with a thoroughly 
straightforward man, a member of that Club, convinces me 
that at least a portion of its members still believe in the 
integrity and fair dealings of its officials. 
It is well enough for Prof. Redficld and the executive 
committee to realize that this case will not down. The 
principle which underlies it is as fixed in the minds of 
the public as are the rings on that cow’s horn. Every 
day adds to the injury which breeders of Jersey cattle 
will sustain through the refusal of that committee to do 
their plain duty. We are prepared to hold that horn up 
before them for 10 years if need be until their education 
is completed. All they are asked to do is to hold an 
open and free‘investigation. 
* 
Perhaps you think stockmen and breeders are not 
reading The R. N.-Y. these days. We are safe in say¬ 
ing that no other agricultural paper is studied by so 
many people who are interested in purebred stock. 
Every point, too, is being considered. Here, for ex¬ 
ample, is a note from a Jersey breeder: 
I can see another place where this agitation is likely to 
do a great deal of good to the Jersey breeders. That is, it 
is likely to break down that fool notion that many people 
Lave that a Jersey must be “solid color’’ to be purebred. 
This belief is so strong that it has forced breeders to breed 
for “solid color’’ even at a sacrifice of quality. It looks a 
little now as if people might want a spot or two for “iden¬ 
tification” at any rate, l am betting that they will, to the 
extent of saving good spotted calves in case they might be 
wanted.. 
Probably most Jersey breeders will admit that there 
is some sense in this. There seems to be a growing 
conviction with many people that the spotted breeds of 
cattle are surer of identification because color maps can 
be made of them. While this would be of great service 
in identifying transfers, it would not help much with 
the original registry. Most of the fraud in registering 
cattle is done with young calves. When once registered 
the color marks would be of no value in discovering 
the imposture. 
* 
The campaign against those New York Senators is 
going on day and night. Wherever farmers meet the 
subject is brought up and discussed—just as was done 
in last year’s Wadsworth campaign. Here is a letter 
from Clyde, N. Y.: 
The Ii. N.-Y. is becoming more popular every day in this 
section of the country, and more so because of the course it 
lias taken in regard to those New York Senators. Where you 
lose one subscriber on that account you gain many; so keep 
at them. 
We did not start this campaign for the purpose of 
gaining subscribers. We believe those Senators got 
on the wrong side of an important principle and we 
should “keep after them” even if for the time the issue 
were an unpopular one. As it is there has seldom been 
a more popular issue in New York State. The letter 
quoted above comes from Wayne County, in the district 
now represented by John Raines. Last year Mr. Raines 
polled 0,795 votes in Ontario and 0,230 in Wayne, or 
13,025 in all. At the same election Governor Hpghes 
polled 7,390 in Ontario and 7,018 in Wayne—14,408 in 
all, or 1,383 more than Mr. Raines. Any man will 
R. 
admit from this that the Governor represented the peo¬ 
ple of that district better than Mr. Raines did! Yet, 
when the Governor tried to carry out one of the 
promises made to the people before election Senator 
Raines stepped in and prevented it. He had no author¬ 
ity from his people to do this. Had he said during the 
campaign that he would do this very thing if elected he 
would have been beaten out of sight. Every one ad¬ 
mits that. Now he comes with the record pasted on 
his back and nothing else to help him through. If he 
could not carry this load last year he certainly cannot 
now. All sorts of stories are being sent us, but we 
make no attacks upon men. Our contest is for a prin¬ 
ciple. We do nothing to advance the political fortunes 
of Governor Hughes. In this contest he is on the 
right side of a great question and by defeating those 
Senators farmers have a chance to show that they be¬ 
lieve in honesty and in popular government. We pull 
no wires, we make no personal attacks. We simply 
point out the way for farmers to help themselves. 
They may be trusted to do the rest. 
* 
There is no longer any question about the value of 
cow peas for green manuring or forage. The varieties 
which give such remarkable results at the South are not 
always successful in northern culture. Probably the 
variety known as Whippoorwill is our best all-around 
sort. The public does not generally know of the work 
being done by the Department of Agriculture to develop 
new varieties. There are nearly 150 hybrids under test. 
For example, at the North a pea is wanted that will 
grow in bush form, with a fair amount of seed, easily 
harvested and not subject to blight. In the South an¬ 
other type is wanted—a quick-maturing kind that can 
be planted in cotton at the last cultivation. The scien¬ 
tists are going at this work much as they would try to 
develop new breeds or varieties of animals by crossing 
varieties of cow peas for definite results. One of the 
most desirable varieties was sent as a small sample from 
India. After being kept on hand over three years 
practically every seed germinated. This work of de¬ 
veloping the cow pea is of the utmost importance. The 
clovers and Alfalfa will maintain or increase the fertility 
of good land, but the cow pea will build up the poorest 
soil and do it in a remarkably short time. It will start a 
fertilizer factory on a sand bank and make it possible 
to grow good clover there in two years. 
* 
You will make a mistake if you imagine that stock 
men are the only people interested in that Jersey cattle 
case. That might be true if there was nothing to it but 
cattle. The cows represent only an incident—there is a 
principle at stake, and the public understand just what 
it is. Whenever a man buys superior goods which cost 
more than ordinary things he knows that the seller’s 
guarantee is the only protection he has. You can buy a 
watch, a sewing machine, a mower, or a live animal at a 
low price and take your chance on getting the worth 
of your money. Most of us do not care to buy things 
that way. We are willing to pay more and be able to 
hold some one responsible. Thus the value of a superior 
watch or machine or live animal depends upon the char¬ 
acter of the maji we deal with. We must have faith in 
what he says, or it would be nonsense to pay extra 
money for his goods. This is particularly true of the 
pedigreed live stock business, for men must wait for 
years actually to know whether breeding animals will 
prov« themselves. Suppose a man buys a high-priced 
bull to head his herd, having been guaranteed that the 
parents of this bull for several generations were fa¬ 
mous for milk or butter production. Such a man builds 
for the future on faith. Suppose he finds a year or so 
later that through fraud or mistake he did not get the 
bull which answers to the desired pedigree. Great dam¬ 
age has been done to this man’s business, but we do not 
see what redress he can claim. Or, suppose he buys 
breeding cows worth $100 each if they are true. They 
are declared bogus, and are not worth $40 for milk pro¬ 
duction or beef! Jersey cattle are harder to identify 
than some other breeds, because of their solid color, and 
thus the Cattle Dub should be more careful than any 
other cattle association in stamping out fraud. If they 
fail to do this they discredit the breed, throw suspi¬ 
cion upon all purebred stock associations and strike at 
the principle of honorable guarantee—which runs, all 
through business life. The people recognize this. They 
may not be interested in Jersey cattle, but they are in¬ 
terested in the principle. 
BREVITIES. 
Do not kill small snakes. 
A quart of kerosene in a peck of sand scattered along 
the rows of cabbages and onions will help drive off maggots. 
In talking about planting Red cedar trees the Department 
of Agriculture speaks of a “60-year rotation.” Few of us 
could expect more than one round of it. 
When the eagle was our National bird It was proper on 
the Fourth of July to “let the eagle scream.” Now that the 
hen is on the flag let us change it to “let the hen cackle!” 
