1SOT. 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
593 
Events of the Week. 
DOMESTIC.—Governor nughes has signed Assemblyman 
Phillips's hill amending the Penal Code to limit the expenses 
of candidates for public office. Candidates for the office of 
Governor are limited to $10,000; for any other elective State 
office, other than a judicial office, $6,000; for Congress or 
Presidential elector, $4,000. for State Senator, $2,000; for 
Assembly, $1,000; by a candidate for any other public office 
to be voted for by the electors of county, city, town or vil- • 
lage, or any part thereof if the total number of votes cast 
therein for all candidates for the office of Governor at the 
last preceding State election shall be 5,000 or less, $500; 
if the total number of votes cast therein at such a last 
preceding State election be in excess of 5,000 the sum of $3 
for each 100 votes in excess of such number may be added 
to the amounts above specified. A violation of this act is 
made a misdemeanor. . . . Nine pedestrians have lost their 
lives and 34 have been injured as a result of automobile 
accidents in Massachusetts in the 26 days preceding July 17, 
according to statistics compiled and made public by the Safe 
Roads Automobile Association. During the 26 days there 
have been 92 collisions in which automobiles have figured. 
The investigations conducted by the association show that 
out of 16 cases looked into the operators were to blame in 
13. Convinced that radical measures must be adopted if 
these accidents are to be stopped, the association has of¬ 
fered rewards for conviction of operators who do not leave 
their names after an accident, and have also offered to re¬ 
ward evidence which shall secure the conviction of persons 
operating automobiles while under suspension or after the 
revocation of their licenses. Evidence leading to the con¬ 
viction of persons attaching wrong numbers to vehicles will 
also be rewarded by the association. The Safe Roads Auto¬ 
mobile Association was formed by a number of automobile 
owners, who determined to seek evidence for the purpose 
of convicting operators guilty of reckless driving and who 
desire to make the highways of the State safe for persons 
traveling on foot as well as all vehicles. . . . The Southern 
Railway Company was fined July 19 $30,000, and T. E. 
Green, ticket agent of the company, fined $5 in the State 
Court at Raleigh. N. C., for selling railroad tickets at a 
rate in excess of that provided by the recent State law for 
a uniform rate of 2)4 cents a mile in North Carolina. The 
court required Green to promise not to sell tickets at the 
illegal rate. Green made the promise and paid the fine. The 
fines were imposed by Judge B. P. Long after the jury had 
returned a verdict of guilty against the railroad and ticket 
agent. District Passenger Agent J. H. Wood, of the South¬ 
ern Railway, and O. C. Wilson, ticket agent, were sentemced 
to the chain' gang at Asheville, N. C., by Police Justice Rey¬ 
nolds for thirty days each for violating the passenger rate 
law. They were released July 22, Judge Pritchard holding 
the law unconstitutional. . . . Thirty-three persons are dead 
aid 60 injured as a result of a wreck on the Pere Marquette 
Railroad at Salem, Mich.. July 20. A special passenger 
train of eleven coaches left Iona with between 800 and 
1,000 of the employees of the Pere Marquette on board for 
the annual excursion to Detroit. About half way between 
Salem and Plymouth there was a head-on collision with a 
freight train going west. The passenger train had the right 
of way, but by some blunder on the part of the crew of the 
freight train it kept on, instead of waiting at Plymouth, 
which is the ^despatching headquarters for this division of 
the Pere Marquette, to let the passenger train pass. The 
passenger train was just rounding ther curve at Washbourne 
Crossing when it sighted the freight train. Both engineers 
apparently saw their danger at the same moment. They 
shut off steam and applied the emergency brakes. With the 
passenger train travelling at the rate of 45 miles an hour 
the shock of collision was terrific. . . . The passenger 
steamer Columbia was sunk July 21 off the coast of Men¬ 
docino County, Cal., after a collision with the steam 
schooner San Pedro. It is believed that 98 persons were 
drowned out of a total of 249 passengers and crew on board. 
Fifty persons escaped by leaping to the San Pedro’s deck. 
The Columbia sank in eleven miniutes, which gave the 
women and children who were asleep below no chance to 
escape and which also drowned all the engineering force. 
The disaster seems to have been due to the carelessness of 
the captain of the San Pedro who was out of his course. 
The vessels crashed together in a heavy fog, and most of 
those who escaped leaped from the sinking Columbia to the 
decks of the San Pedro. Captain Doran, of the Columbia, 
went down with his ship. 
FARM AND GARDEN.—The Fanciers' Poultry Associa¬ 
tion of New Jersey held its annual meeting in Newark 
July 12, and elected the following officers : President, Miles 
A. Hanchett, of Orange: vice-president, Frederick Iluyler, of 
Peapack; secretary, T. Farrer Rackham. of East Orange; 
treasurer, Joseph N. Sinnock, of Newark ; directors—Edward 
F. Duffy, Christian Ivirschler, John I. Craig, Joseph N. Sin¬ 
nock, John F. Noll, of Newark; Frederick Iluyler, of Pea- 
pack; Miles A. Hanchett. of Orange: Alfred B. Sparks, of 
Swainton ; Dr. J. S. Wolfe, of Bloomfield ; T. Farrer Rack- 
ham and H. A. Parkhurst, of East Orange; Executive Com¬ 
mittee—Joseph N. Sinnock, T. Farrer Rackham and Edward 
F. Duffy. The poultry and pet stock exhibit at the Inter- 
State Fair will be conducted again this year by the New 
Jersey Association. 
The “sealed package" system of buying cattle at the Chi¬ 
cago stockyards iyas adopted as a compromise at a meet-, 
lng between representatives of the Chicago Live Stock Ex¬ 
change and the packers July 1.2. The packers held out 
for a system of purchasing cattle at the yards whereby stock 
found to be infected could be rejected after the purchase. 
The commission men maintained that such a system gave the 
packers an undue advantage over the cattle owners and com¬ 
mission men. Under the agreement the packing-house buy¬ 
ers will make purchases at their own risks. They will be 
given the right to examination, but, once selections have 
been made arid prices agreed upon, the sale will be regarded 
as completed, and any subsequent losses will fall upon the 
purchasers. 
The New York State Fair will be held this year as usual. 
The Governoy recently reappointed two of the commis¬ 
sioners, James II. Durkee and George A. Smith, and named 
James M. Graeff, of Westport, and Nathan S. Beardslee, of 
Warsaw, in place of Clarence H. Mackey, resigned, and 
M. H. Olin, deceased. Mr. Graeff was chairman of the 
agricultural committee of the Assembly a few years ago. 
Mr. Beardslee is a civil engineer, president of the Empire 
Dairy Salt Company. 
American cows are to furnish milk for the royal Japanese 
family. Seven of the cattle are now on their way to the 
Orient. They were bought from D. W. and F. F. Field, 
owners of Dutchland Dairy, Brockton, Mass., by J. Wada, a 
Japanese fancier. One of the cattle bought by him is Dutch- 
land Sir Artis Ilengerveld, bull calf, son of Pieterje Ilenger- 
veld, and the brother of De Kol Cremelle, a cow for which 
the Fields refused an offer of $15,000. She gave 10,017 
pounds of milk in 100 consecutive days. Wada is a Jap¬ 
anese farmer who got a contract at the outbreak of the 
Russia-.Tapan war to furnish the hospitals in Tokio with 
8,000 quarts of milk a day. He got the milk by making 
contracts with all the dairies within twenty miles of the 
capital. He now intends to start a condensed milk plant, 
which will be the first in Japan. 
The 1907 Summer meeting of the Wisconsin State Horti¬ 
cultural Society will be held at Shiocton, August 28. Fol¬ 
lowing the plan of previous years this will be a “flower” 
meeting. The leading topic will be bulbs and tuberous- 
rooted plants. 
It became necessary to reorganize the Missouri State 
Horticultural Society, as the semi-annual appropriations by 
the State could not be legally made under the Constitution, 
and the State Board of Horticulture was created by an act 
of the Legislature, 1907. The members of the board are 
appointed by the Governor instead of being elected, as by the 
old society. The new board is: C. H. Dutcher, Warrens- 
burg, president; N. F. Murray, Oregon, first vice-president; 
J. H. Christian, Neosho, second vice-president; T. H. Todd, 
New Franklin, treasurer; W. P. Stark, Louisiana; R. M. 
Hitt, Koshkanong. C. n. Dutcher was re-elected president 
by the old society at the last annual meeting, and was 
elected president 'of the new hoard. George T. Tippin, 
Springfield, jvas elected secretary at the last annual meet¬ 
ing, and was also elected secretary of the new board. 
A meeting of representative dairymen and business men 
of Franklin County. N. Y„ was held in Grange Hall in the 
village of Malone on July 8, for the purpose of completing 
arrangements for entertaining the dairymen of the State In 
December. Director Dawley, representing the Bureau of 
Farmer’s Institutes, and Thomas E. Tiquin, secretary of the 
association, were present, and it is decided to hold the next 
annual convention of the New York State Dairymen’s Asso¬ 
ciation In Malone. The opera house for the convention 
and a commodious exhibition hall, in which the display of 
dairy Implements and the exhibits of all dairy products will 
be held, have been engaged for the dates of the convention, 
December 10-13, 1907. For particulars in regard to the 
coming meeting apply to the secretary, Sherburne, N. Y. 
The American Breeders' Association will hold its fourth 
annual meeting at Washington. D. C., January 28, 29 and 
30, 1908. Secretary James Wilson, the president of the 
association, will speak, and other able and prominent men 
are beimg secured to take part in the programme. The ses¬ 
sions will be held In the National Rifles’ armory. 
The Societv for Horticultural Science will hold its fifth 
annual meeting at the Jamestown Exposition in connection 
with the thirty-first biennial meeting of the American Born¬ 
ological Society, September 24, 24 and 26, 1907. The Inn- 
side Inn on the exposition grounds is to be headquarters 
for tlie American Pomological Society, and since most of 
the members of the Society for Horticultural Science belong 
to the older association, arrangements have not been made 
for separate headquarters. 
IOWA FARM NOTES 
The warm weather came with June, and how everything 
has grown !' .How nice it is to see every tree, bush, grain 
and vine putting forth such a growth, showing life and 
vigor so plainly; and there are the weeds too, what a 
growth they are making! I was away from my garden a 
few days. It was surprising to see how the weeds had 
grown. There are many corn fields where the weeds have 
now got such a start that they will not be cleaned out 
this season. Unlucky is the farmer where the weeds have got 
the start of him. Strawberries were a fair crop We have 
quite a number of cherry trees^but very few cherries. Those 
Ijeghorn chickens were in the trees eating the very few there 
were. Leghorn chickens are smart chickens. Blackberries 
will be plentiful; plums none; apples 50 per cent of crop. 
Flay will be a big crop, pastures good. Our cows are giv¬ 
ing'a big yield of milk. Our butter sales are larger than last 
year at this time. But when I read of cows yielding 400 
pounds or more of butter a year, our cows are nowhere. I 
do not know where to get that kind of cows. They never 
were in this part of the country. No one tries to get them ; 
why they do not I do not know. Our farmers are up to date 
here in all that pertains to good farming. We raise as good 
cattle, horses and hogs as can be found anywhere. I wonder 
if those 400 to dOO pounds butter-yielding cows are not some¬ 
thing like our U. S. Senators or other very distinguished 
men, very scarce articles, about, two to a State. The other 
day I brought home an oil stove. Mother was opposed to 
getting it but the girls thought it would be nice, and truly 
it is very nice these warm days. It is quite as cheap 
to run as'a wood stove and very much cooler to cook by and 
much more convenient. Mother is as much taken up with it 
as the girls are. Wanting to put a new roof on my hay 
barn I went last week to the lumber yard to see about buy¬ 
ing shingles. The cheapest shingle they had would cost $5 
per 1,000. To pay the carpenter for laying them and the 
nails would run them up to over $6 per 1,000. They had a 
roofing made of some kind of composition that they would 
sell for $3 per 1,000 and give written guarantee for 10 
years; I shall try it. If It stands that long the difference in 
price will put on a new roof at end of that time, and I have 
the hopes that before that time we will have a roofing that 
will stand. b. d. 
Jackson Co., Iowa. 
HOW SOON TO BALE HAY? 
Would you bale hay direct from the field? If the grass 
stands until ilpad ripe can the hay be baled without stacking 
or mowing? 
I have never baled any hay very soon after harvest, but 
understand it should be mowed at least four weeks before 
baling. It must have opportunity to sweat, or it would spoil. 
If left in the field late it would not require so long a time 
before baling. d. c. lewis. 
New Jersey. 
I am not a hay seller. Never have had a bale of hay 
made. When I came to the old farm, more than 40 years 
ago, I cut the first season all I could find of grass, weeds 
and briars, and got about three tons all told. We are get¬ 
ting in hay now—nearly done—and we are getting three 
tons to the acre, at least, and this is not a first-class sea¬ 
son for hay hereabout, either. There are some hay sellers 
right in sight who are not getting half as much. We feed 
our hay in order to have the manure to make more hay. 
Millville, Pa. a. p. y. 
I should not consider it safe to bale hay, to be left baled 
any length of time before using, under two months after 
putting In mpw or stack, as it has to go through a sweating 
process. No matter how dry it is when put. in mow, if 
baled before this sweating is over, it will sweat in the bale 
and rot, If left any length of time before using. Of course, 
if left standing until it is ripe and the stalk is dead, it 
would not need to lie as long in the mow, but for feeding 
purposes, such hay is almost worthless. I do not know of 
any farmers who bale their hay direct from the field, but I 
presume there are such, and it is probably baled for imme¬ 
diate use. G. w. H. 
Columbia Co., N. Y. 
Various conditions enter into the time that new-cut hay is 
fit to bale, and also the time it remains in the bale before 
being used. If well cured before housing in three or four 
weeks it can be baled and shipped a reasonable distance, and 
remain in good condition. Bales should be placed on end, 
and there will be but little risk from heating. This is im¬ 
perative to insure good condition. I would not think it safe 
to bale direct from the field unless grass was dried up, and 
then the quality would be very low. I have known farmers 
to leave the grass until dead ripe before cutting and sell it 
at the shore market for old hay (loose), but Tiie It. N.-Y. 
does not give that sort of advice. The drier the hay when 
housed the soomer it can be baled—from two to four weeks 
on short shipment. J. h. demise. 
New Jersey. 
If I had hay to bale I would not bale till it finished sweat- 
lag in the mow or stack, as it seems that it must sweat, no 
difference how dry you put it in the mow. I think it should 
he in the mow or stack four weeks at least. I do not think 
it would be an advantage to let it get dry and hard before 
cutting, as the substance is all gone; then I would rather 
have good wheat straw to feed than such hay. We have had 
a very backward season, but it seems to be coming around 
all right; after all, the hay crop is better than last season, 
and the wheat Is right good. Oats are locking nice, begin¬ 
ning to ripen; the wheat harvest is the latest ever known. 
Just beginning to harvest. Most of the corn is looking well; 
a little late, like the season, hut if the frost holds off will 
have a fair crop. b. w. k. 
Orangeville, Pa. 
I think there is a great deal of hay baled right from the 
field. Such conditions are never favorable to first-class hay, 
but may he by very thorough drying so baled as not to have 
it “muss” ip the center. All hay has to go through its 
natural course and sweat in the bow. I have never con¬ 
sidered it safe to bale hay under six weeks after it was cut. 
notwithstanding the fact that I dry my hay at least one day 
more, full sunshine, than my neighbors. I wouldn't think 
it safe to bale it. under six weeks after it was cut to get 
best results in fact, no matter how long you dry it it goes 
through the sweat after being put in the mow. I presume 
if it stood long enough to be old, pretty near worthless for 
feeding, there would be loss trouble from sweating, but I cut 
all of my hay so as to have it in the most favorable condi¬ 
tion for feeding out to the animals, get the best results and 
further keep the surface in condition to produce a second 
crop. I cut all of my hay when one-third of the blossoms 
appear in the Timothy and Red-top; in the Alfalfa when one- 
tenth of the blossoms appear, and I cut Alfalfa whether it 
rains or shines, in that condition. geohge m. clark. 
Connecticut. 
New hay is not fit to bale until It has gone through a 
sweating process. Usually six or eight weeks is as soon as 
it is advisable to commence baling. In the one or two in¬ 
stances that I have known where this rule Is disregarded, the 
hay molded and was spoiled by heating in the bale. The 
buyer paid $10 for it, and it sold for $8 in New York. I do 
not know aiiv hay buyer in this section who will allow any 
baling from tire field nor until all sweating in the mow is fin¬ 
ished. The longer the grass stands the more woody and dry 
it will become, which would reduce the sweating; but I think 
this could not he depended upon to avert the danger of spoil¬ 
ing. Riper hay weighs more, and it may be to the advantage 
of the farmer to delay cutting of Timothy until after the sec¬ 
ond bloom, if the hay is to be sold, but it is not of as good 
quality for home use, and if it gets too ripe, it will be off 
color, which wijl reduce the price. c. E. chapman. 
I have never known anyone in this section to bale hay 
before it has gone through a sweat. In the West I saw them 
shoving hay right from the swath to the press, but of course 
conditions were very different from those here in the East. I 
should not hesitate to bale Timothy hay after it has become 
too old and and woody to make the most palatable feed. I 
have "dumped” it by' the ton right into the mow without 
mowiDg it away aside from simply shoving the pile over when 
it became too high. In this instance I never saw hay much 
more compact in the bale than in the bottom of the mow 
where the hay dropped. This hay was about a week past its 
prime, but from the seller's point of view was handled in, 
perhaps, the most profitable manner possible, without baling 
directly from the field. Briefly, I am certain a good quality 
of hay' cannot be baled directly from the swath unless it is 
left till it is so dry it will break up. and will be handled 
with considerable waste unless it is taken up with a tight- 
bottom loader. j. d. r. 
Ohio. 
. CROP NOTES. 
The hay crop is fair in this section, and all other crops 
are looking fair. Oats about half crop ; wheat about half 
crop, and no fruit of any kind except grapes. Grapes will 
be full crop. h. a. m. 
Ferguson, Mo. 
There is some hay shipped here at present, and selling for 
about $15 per ton. We have no waste land ; every foot of 
land is used,, and we grow all kinds of heavy crops, corn, 
rye, wheat, oats, barley, Timothy, clover and potatoes; 
horses, cattle and hogs, but no hay for the market, and 
often not enough for home use but we never buy enough to 
cut any figure in the hay market. We had a very cold, 
drv Spring; everything was slow and backward, and all 
things are a little behind the average season, but look well 
and promise well up to the average. Strawberries were 
almost a blank; early plums froze out. Other fruit and 
berries promise fair to good; very little fruit raised here, 
except for home use. Work is plenty ; wages are good ; no 
idle hands that are willing to work. Corn plowing is not 
done yet; hay harvest is begun on a small scale. Barley 
will be ripe in about a week. Everything is at a good price, 
Farmers fear God and make money and fight the whisky ele¬ 
ment. Down with the curse ! d. m. m. 
Templeton, Iowa. 
We have had the most peculiar season I ever saw, with¬ 
out any exception; two weeks before the usual time of 
cutting June clover it looked as if we would have but a 
very little hay.; then the weather changed to very hot and 
wet, and now there is the most hay in this vicinity we 
have ever seen. I saw a number of pieces the other day of 
fine mixed hay that would cut from two to three tons per 
acre. The same kind of weather bids fair to spoil our oats 
unless it changes radically pretty soon. It is making them 
terribly rusty. It is also bad for beans. Beans planted 
the last of June and just nicely up are beginning to rust. 
If this hot weather holds into August a little you may 
calculate on this part of Michigan, and I guess the whole 
State will have a very light crop of potatoes on account of 
the blight. They were got in very late, some being planted 
in July, and now it looks as though they would be done up 
by the blight. Fruits of all kinds, including apples, plums, 
peaches, also all kinds of berries, are very plentiful, no 
pears. Rye and wheat heavy; haying and harvest two weeks 
late; corn very backward. Prices for all the products of 
the farm as good, unless it is potatoes, and the price on 
them will be all right this Fall unless the weather changes 
pretty soon. a. a. l. 
Harvard, Mich. 
It may be of interest to some of your readers to know 
how we are progressing in Cayuga County, N. Y. It is now 
past the middle of July, and haying is in full swing, with 
many fine pieces of mixed grasses and some fine pieces of 
Timothy, hut upon the whole not up to former years. Wheat: 
is about the average crop, but will be about three weeks 
late. Oats and barley are uneven, with some rust on the 
leaves. It is too early to say what will be the result. Corn 
and potatoes are coming on at a rapid rate. Many pieces 
will not receive the care they should have, owing to the 
lateness of planting and scarcity of help, as the warm, wet 
weather we are having at present is bad for the haymakers, 
and does not give any time for the corn. Potatoes may get 
a final shovel plowing. We have about a half crop of cher¬ 
ries, and they rotted badly, some kinds before they were 
fit to pick. Pears are about a half crop, as well as plums 
and prunes; some kinds of apples poor; on the whole a pretty 
fair crop is expected. The scale is getting quite notice¬ 
able. and not much doing for it. Pastures are good and 
cows doing well, and milk products are bringing good prices. 
On the whole, the farmers would feel pretty well if they 
could get help to secure their crops, many offering from 
$35 to $50 per month and board for haying and harvest. 
Some are getting discouraged, and say they will not farm 
it any longer than this year. a. b. d. 
Cayuga County, N. Y. 
There are no apples in this vicinity this year; therefore 
no preparations are being made by growers or others for 
barrels. Many of the largest growers buy barrel stock early 
In the season, when they have a crop. Some of them buy 
staves from the stave mills and heads from the mills that 
make headings, both in car lots, and from different plants. 
The best hoops are brought in from Indiana. Elm hoops 
from Indiana are of better quality usually than is the 
stock bought in Arkansas or southeast Missouri. There are 
brokers who do much business in this line. They sell to 
the growers and to coopers who make apple barrels. They 
usually claim to be mill owners, but often own nothing. 
It always pays to buy stock early in the season—in April 
or May. at least. I have heard nothing of prices this year. 
All kinds of stock gets a little higher each year. I have 
sold more apples to commission men in the orchard, they 
furnishing their own ban’els. Usually they bought them 
from local coopers, but sometimes they have shipped them 
here in regular barrel cars or in furniture cars from St. 
Louis or elsewhere, hut that occurred several years ago, 
when barrels were not so high as now and local coopers 
were not here. It is now considered best to buy direct from 
the mills in car lots. Matched car lots are often bought, 
but better prices can he had by buying separately when 
the larger amounts of material can be' used. So far I have 
not been a large buyer of cooper stock. However, I got two 
cars last year. The remainder I bought from the local 
Cooper. ‘ " W, T. FLOURNOY. 
Missouri. -v 
