1907. 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
695 
KEEPING MILK IN WARM WEATHER 
I am new in the dairy business, and find 
that I have a good deal to learn. I am 
milking 25 cows and selling the milk direct 
to customers in the vicinity of the dairy. 
I got along very well in cold weather, but 
when the warm weather came, not having 
a desirable place to handle my milk, 1 con¬ 
cluded to build a milk room »nd have every¬ 
thing in good shape. I built this of concrete, 
walls one foot thick, and along one side 
built a trough that will hold 50 two-gallon 
cans. It is on the north end of the barn, 
the outside door is to the north, and to the 
east of it is the feed room. For a roof I 
used cement plaster inside, sheathing boards 
with tarred paper for the outside, and filled 
the intervening space with mineral wool, as 
I was advised it was a good non-conductor. 
The only light is the window in (he door 
on the north side. I had a ventilator in 
the roof which extends about three feet above 
the same. We have city water, and while it 
is not so cold as spring water, it is fairly 
cool when allowed to run. We thought we 
had things in good shape, but when we placed 
the night’s milk in the water and closed it 
up, we were disappointed and surprised to 
find a temperature of 80 degrees in the morn¬ 
ing. We have had to put a screen door on 
the outside and leave it open all night, in 
order to use it at all. In the daytime the 
temperature runs about 10 degrees below 
the temperature in the barn, but in the 
night, when closed up, It goes about 20 de¬ 
grees above the barn temperature. We should 
like to have you tell us why this is and 
what to do to obviate the trouble. As we 
milk, we strain the milk into a large mix¬ 
ing can, and as soon as we are through 
milking we draw it off into two-gallon cans, 
and as soon as a can is filled we close it by 
driving wooden bungs in tight and set the 
can in the water tank. It has occurred to 
me that possibly it was not a good thing 
to close the milk up tight while warm. 
Pennsylvania. a. b. 
It is almost entirely out of the ques¬ 
tion properly to care for milk in warm 
weather unless ice is available. Really 
first-class care of milk demands that it be 
cooled directly after milking to 45 de¬ 
grees, and even lower would be better. 
Spring water will do fairly well if it is 
naturally cold and can be kept running 
around the milk continuously, but ordi¬ 
nary city water will be far too warm dur¬ 
ing the Summer months. The carefully 
insulated milk room will amount to little. 
It will be necessary to use ice freely in the 
water where the milk is set. Use a tank 
no larger than is necessary to hold the 
milk, fill with water up to the neck of 
the cans and then throw coarsely-crushed 
ice among them in sufficient amounts to 
leave some in the water until next morn¬ 
ing. A concrete tank is all right, but 
not as economical of ice as a wood tank 
surrounded by some insulating material. 
There will be no objection to closing up 
the cans immediately after the milking is 
finished. It is the failure to keep it cold, 
and not the prompt closing that makes 
the trouble. If the cans have been prop¬ 
erly washed and steamed out and then 
the milk surrounded by ice water as 
above, it will surely keep in fine condi¬ 
tion for two or three days. 
JARED VAN WAGENEN, JR. 
TRAVELING LIVE STOCK SHOWS. 
Much is written from the standpoint of 
judge and management. This part of the 
business is well organized, and ably repre¬ 
sented while the regular farmers have plenty 
to say about rings and cheating which have 
little foundation in fact. 
It is true that the money for payment of 
premiums is reimbursed by a tax on racing 
associations, after actually being paid by the 
fair associations, and because gambling or 
book-making is allowed in the inclosure of 
the track it is sometimes spoken of as 
tainted, but as a matter of fact the money 
is a percentage of the gate receipts and 
has nothing to do with the betting. It is 
not my purpose to defend gambling or other 
immoral practices either in connection with 
horse racing or civic life. But compared 
with many other phases of this evil the lit¬ 
tle money used at the ringside is a small 
item on the national dehit side. From the 
earliest times of history the people have 
gamed. The savage bets his wife or arms 
on a turn of a knuckle bone the same as 
he did in the stone age. The Spanish and 
tkeir descendants, the Batin Americans, gam¬ 
bled always without restraint and among the 
nations to-day this country is freer from the 
curse than any other. Tet the taint is in 
the blood. Men will risk their property in 
hopes of getting more and many are still 
found who will bet on the other fellow’s 
game In spite of repeated warnings. Wit¬ 
ness the transactions on the stock exchange, 
which is no better than organized robbery 
and has been carried to a point where a very 
few men absolutely control the wealth of the 
country. Compared with this gigantic rob¬ 
bery the little money betted on horse racing is 
but a drop in the bucket. Yet there are 
plenty to attack the lesser evil while only now 
and then a man like our President has the 
courage to raise a voice against these gigan¬ 
tic sources of corruption that are gradually 
crushing out opportunity and hope from the 
common people. In all cities gambling flour¬ 
ishes. Pool rooms, bucket shops and dives 
of all descriptions are run almost openly 
and with the exception of an occasional police 
raid, fleece their victims without hindrance. 
If we start to clean up let us be thorough. 
As an educational factor in rural life the 
county fairs stand well to the front ns one 
will see if he compares the crowds with 
those of institute or other work. Many peo¬ 
ple in isolated communities thus have their 
only chance to compare the fine show of 
live stock and poultry, most of which com¬ 
pares favorably with the State Fair strings of 
a few years since. Many do show at the big 
fairs and few of us but hope some time to 
go up against the big ones. In the poultry 
department the men who run the large strings 
buy up many birds from breeders who make 
one kind a specialty, and sell to showmen 
for exhibition. Not one of them could sup¬ 
port coop room for one-half their exhibit. 
But as far as I am able to ascertain they 
buy the birds outright, as birds that go 
seven or 10 weeks are used up for breeding 
purposes, and no reputable breeder would 
want them back. If he did he would soon 
run out of that business. 
These big fellows make a fine show and 
pay a big entrance fee. Many places where 
they center the entrance fees will foot up 
to the winnings. Where the fee is 50 cents 
and the first and second amounts to $3, 
It does not take much figuring to show that 
it is immensely profitable for the society that 
is able to attract this class of exhibits as 
long as the premium money is returned by 
the tax. I have seen shows where the 
classes run from six to 10 birds. These have 
built up some of the more progressive fairs 
on a fine scale. I have followed the 
chicken job some myself and am able to say 
there is no money in it for the little fellow. 
IIow the big shows pay financially is be¬ 
yond me. 
It is the farmer that “hollers,” but look¬ 
ing at it from the inside he is the only one 
who is safe. If a man will take pride in 
his birds and has only one or two pairs or 
pens from a large flock of fresh, well-bred 
birds they will “do" any thing that has trav¬ 
eled long, arid the judge, if wise, will always 
favor a local man with a few birds, at the 
expense of the large traveling show. 
In the hog and sheep classes I have known 
an exhibitor to carry shows belonging to 
other breeders where he has room and time, 
but such are always shown under a partner¬ 
ship or different number. All fairs express¬ 
ly provide that an exhibitor forfeits all pre¬ 
miums if he shows another man’s stock as 
bis own. No one would be foolish enough 
to risk his check when the only extra ex¬ 
pense is another membership (and in many 
places not even that), with a little extra 
bother. You can easily see that this is only 
talk that imposes on the uninstructed. It 
is one of the stock arguments against the 
traveler and brings us down to the rail¬ 
roaded show as a fair proposition. 
I wish a few of our “kicking” friends 
could accompany us for the next 10 weeks 
and carefully size up the shows from “be¬ 
hind the cows,” as the cattle men do each 
day, and then give their candid opinion at 
the close whether such shows as Ilill, Secord, 
N.ve, Townsend, White, and many other well- 
known breeders and exhibitors, who are all 
simply farmers, bring out at the beginning 
of the fair season do not outclass any 
show of grade stock fresh from the pastures 
that nearby people usually produce, and go 
far ahead of any such line-up as an educa¬ 
tional feature of our county fair. I wish 
you could watch the crowds day after day 
iis we do and then form your opinion where 
t He interest centers. Whether the rough 
grade or the finely groomed, well fed and 
perfect line-up is not the drawing card, 
whether the impression taken home of a 
show of every-day stock will overbalance 
that of such a show as Nye’s llolsteins that 
win at the State show. 
I would like to have you notice the dif¬ 
ference between societies dominated by live, 
hustling business men ami size up the show 
as compared to that run by a few old farm¬ 
ers of bygone ideas, no matter how worthy 
in themselves, but too slow and too far past 
for the best success of any fair of the pres¬ 
ent day. The truth of the matter is that the 
public has been educated beyond the grade 
stock by just such men as those named 
above, and to return to old conditions only 
invites disaster to any show. No matter 
where it is the crowd is what makes the suc¬ 
cess or failure of a fair and the idea that the 
only object of the county fair is to enable a 
few nearby people to divide the “prizes” is 
sure to bring failure to any society. The 
whole nuestion revolves around the traveler. 
The traveler is simply a farmer that takes 
pride enough in his show to have a good 
one. And that means good enough to com¬ 
pete with State fair shows that travel around 
the county circuit as many do at present. 
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