1907. 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
733 
NEW YORK STATE FAIR . 
Part I. 
Horticultural Display. —The fruit ex¬ 
hibit on the whole was remarkably good, 
considering the backwardness of the season 
and the light crop of this year. There were 
two competitors in the field for the large 
society premium, which amounts to $350 for 
first and $250 for second. The Western New 
York Horticultural Society won first by a 
small margin ; their exhibit consisted of the 
following: Apples, 1,412 plates, 221 varie¬ 
ties: crab apples, 0 varieties: pears, 520 
plates. 131 varieties: plums, 177 plates, 54 
varieties, peaches. 40 plates, 23 varieties; 
quinces, 14 plates. 3 varieties: nuts, 9 plates, 
9 varieties; grapes. 138 plates, 73 varieties: 
total, 2,310 plates, 523 varieties. The New 
York State Fruit Growers’ Association was 
as follows: Apples. 1127 plates. 154 varie¬ 
ties ; crab apples, 26 plates, 9 varieties: pears. 
350 plates, 46 varieties; plums, 209 plates; 
19 varieties: peaches, 31 plates, 17 varieties; 
quinces, 6 plates, 3 varieties; grapes, 345 
plates, 122 varieties; hothouse grapes, 40 
plates, 18 varieties; blackberries, currants, 
gooseberries and strawberries, one plate each ; 
total, 2,198 plates, 392 varieties. A small 
proportion of the members of these societies 
sent fruit for this exhibit, and fewer yet 
realize the amount of work the committees 
that arrange these exhibits have to do. The 
present committees, if fully supported by the 
members, could put up exhibits that would 
win over anything that the outside world 
could put against them in apples or pears, 
and could make a strong showing in stone 
fruits. The rest of this hall was well filled 
with exhibits from county societies and in¬ 
dividuals. The Ontario society won first in 
their class with an exhibit of fruits packed 
for market in baskets, boxes and barrels. 
Each member who contributed was credited 
by a card stating where his contribution was 
grown, and the Western New York Horticul¬ 
tural Society followed a similar plan in 
crediting individuals in their large exhibit. 
The individual exhibits were very strong in 
some classes while other classes were very 
lightly filled, peaches especially being very 
scarce. The average quality was very good, 
but this indicates the skill of the exhibitor 
in selection rather than the average condition 
of the crop, as in most instances these speci¬ 
mens are selected from many barrels of fruit. 
The apples from mulched orchards showed 
great size, almost too large for practical com¬ 
mercial varieties unless they might be cut 
as water melons, but they were well colored, 
and the largest were such varieties as Wolf 
River and Alexander. Many apples were 
undersized owing to the backward season and 
dry weather, and the color of Winter fruit 
was not as good as is usual at this time of 
the year. Some very fine plums were shown, 
though many varieties that were held in 
storage or had become thoroughly ripe on the 
trees went down badly the latter part of the 
week, and to keep these plum exhibits present¬ 
able they should be renewed several times 
during the week. The building is equipped 
with cold storage room, and an extra supply 
of perishable fruits can he easily held here. 
Grapes were very fine both in society and in¬ 
dividual exhibits, though like other fruits, 
backward and lacking in color. Some very 
fine Campbell’s Early were shown, the three 
largest bunches weighing a little over four 
pounds. Many hothouse grapes added to the 
attractiveness of the display. No one was 
surprised at the small showing of peaches 
this year, and some wore surprised to see 
any peaches at all. Many of those shown 
were late varieties, small, green and hard. 
An American flag made of plums by a Civil 
War veteran attracted considerable attention. 
This veteran, starting after the war with but 
little capital, has made enough in the grow¬ 
ing of fruit to own a Winter home among the 
oranges of Florida, and now in the mellow 
ripeness of advancing years can enjoy the 
fruits of his early labors. The Geneva Ex¬ 
periment Station inade the largest exhibit of 
fruit ever shown by them, consisting of 21.3 
varieties of apples. 53 varieties of pears and 
122 varieties of pitims, with a total of 1,134 
plates. This station also made exhibits of 
different plant diseases and Insects. Alfalfa 
and animal diseases, each department being 
represented by one or more of the station 
staff. The New York State Department of 
Agriculture made an exhibit of fruit diseases 
and insects in charge of several State in¬ 
spectors. 
Farm and Dairy Products —The vegetable 
display was the largest in several years, and 
while immense specimens and monstrosities 
were absent the quality and uniformity of 
exhibits were very good. There were more 
new exhibitors in this department than in 
the past five years combined, and as these 
new exhibitors were very successful the out¬ 
look for another year seems very favorable. 
The potatoes were the finest in years, and 
were of uniform good size and smoothness: 
1.080 plates were shown as against 460 plates 
in 1906 , Rurals and Carmans were in evi¬ 
dence, showing that they have not been 
crowded out by newer varieties. The grain 
exhibit was much larger and better than 
in 1906, with the exception of corn. It 
often happens that entries are made but at 
fair time fail to appear, but this year classes 
were well filled. The usual honey exhibit 
was a prominent feature in this hall, and the 
comb honey was of better quality than in 
1906. The State department made an exhibit 
showing the European and American foul 
broods, and gave out literature telling how 
to deal with same. A feature in this build¬ 
ing that attracted much attention and large 
crowds was a talk on the honey bee and its 
work repeated at regular intervals. A large 
cage containing many bees, apnliances and 
charts served the lecturer as a platform. lie 
handled these bees without any protection for 
face or hands, as if they had been so many 
house flies. This probably attracted the 
crowds as much as his useful talks, and I 
daresay many a lion trainer would hesitate to 
go in that cage. Cornell University had one 
end of this hall partitioned off and darkened 
and gave illustrated lectures throughout the 
week, each lecture lasting 15 minutes, with 
15-minute intermission between lectures. 
Many of the college staff took part in these 
lectures, and just outside the dark room the 
college made educational exhibits similar to 
those made by the Geneva Station. The ex¬ 
hibits of dairy products consisted of butter in 
three classes; creamery, private dairy and 
prints or moulds, and in eight classes of 
cheese, export, home trade, pineapple, Neuf- 
chatel. Young Americas, square cream, sage 
and club: 90.5 was the highest cheese score, 
and 98 the highest butter score, A new cold 
storage room In the dairy building gave ample 
room for cheese as well as butter, These cold 
storage rooms are made with glass sides, so 
that the products can be viewed from the 
outside while they can be kept through the 
week without deterioration. 
Cattle. —As in former years most of the 
beef cattle came from the West, but when it 
comes to dairy breeds the majority are from 
the State, with the outsiders coming from 
eastern States. Short-horns made the lightest 
showing for that breed since 1902. Devons, 
while ahead of last year’s numbers, fell con¬ 
siderably below former years. Herefords 
were less than in 1906, while Angus were 
ahead of a year ago. and nearer the average 
of preceding fairs than any other of the 
beef breeds. They also lead the beef breeds 
in numbers, Brown Swiss, however, having 
the same number of entries, but these can 
be better classed with the dairy breeds, al¬ 
though their make-up is decidedly beefy. Red 
Polls also go below any figures since 1902, 
and Galloways numbered less than for three 
years. Holsteins were out in greater num¬ 
bers than since 1901, and led all breeds with 
105 entries. Ayrshires came next, followed 
by Dutch Belted, Jerseys and Guernseys. 
French Canadians were few in number, while 
Kerry and Normandy made a very good show¬ 
ing for those breeds. The total cattle entries 
were considerably larger than a year ago. 
Some fine individuals were shown in many 
classes. The interest among New York 
farmers seems centered in the dairy breeds 
though prices for milk, butter and cheese 
will have to advance to meet the increased 
cost of feeds and labor, the dairy farmer 
will have little to show for his time and out¬ 
lay. Many are getting in line to produce 
more sanitary products, and it is these who 
will reap the best harvest in years to come, 
as the public is awakening to the importance 
of clean pure food and is now willing to pay 
for the difference in duality. 
Sheep. —The sheep entries were larger 
than for two years past and a gradually in¬ 
creasing interest seems to be developing along 
the line of wool and mutton production. The 
scarcity of good reliable help is helping this 
branch of farming, inasmuch as the one-man 
power that seems inevitable on many farms 
to-day can look after sheep to better advan¬ 
tage than the dairy. The breeds were repre¬ 
sented by the following numbers of entries : 
Cotswold, 30; Southdown, 54; Shropshires, 
72; Ilampshires, 30; Oxford Downs, 58; 
Cheviots, 50; Dorset Horns, 32; Lincolns, 
47; Leicesters, 28; Merinos, American or 
Spanish, 47 ; Delaine Dickinson or Black Top 
Merinos, 89; Rambouillet, 18; any other 
purebred variety, 2; and Angora goats, 23. 
Swine.— The swine exhibit, though not as 
large as last year was of very good quality in 
most classes. The black breeds were not as 
well represented as they have been for some 
years, but whites and reds seem to be gaining 
in numbers and quality. Many of the swine 
come from western States, and show at a 
glance that they have been specially fitted 
for exhibition. Some were so large that it is 
doubtful if they are good for anything as 
breeders. It seems that, a majority of New 
York farmers prefer either white or red to 
black, and the popular blacks of the West 
find few friends here, especially where the 
hogs are slaughtered on the farm. g. r. s. 
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