190 ?. 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
737 
Hope Farm Notes 
Hope Farm Fruit. —On the first page 
is a picture of some of our Elberta 
peaches and two seedling apples now 
growing at Hope Farm on one of our 
back fields. I found, when we came here, 
a group of apple seedlings, most of which 
were saved for fruiting. Must of them 
turned out to be sweet, and there are two 
distinct types. One is splashed with stripes 
of red, while the other is not unlike 
Grimes Golden in shape and color. They 
are both past ripe now. I have never 
seen a better sweet apple of this season 
than either of these seedlings, but there 
is no good reason why another sweet 
apple should be introduced. I show these 
to illustrate the general type of this curi¬ 
ous group of seedlings. In another field 
1 have a group of sour seedlings, one of 
which may come to something. The 
peaches are just fair specimens. We can 
find many larger than these. The photo¬ 
graph cannot show the high color which 
is painted on the cheek of these Elbertas. 
These peaches came from one of those 
original trees which were planted in a 
crowbar hole. It will be remembered that 
we went into an old field and punched 
holes in the ground with a crowbar with¬ 
out clearing the land. Little June-tud 
trees were cut back to about .18 inches 
of top, while the roots were cut so the 
tree would go into the crowbar hole. Then 
water and sand were poured around the 
tree and the soil packed firmly. I do not 
plant tres that way any more, as we make 
a larger hole and leave about two-inch 
stubs on the roots. However, these 
peaches grew on one of these crowbar 
planted trees and they are certainly large 
enough for most purposes. 
Farm Notes. —A week of showers with 
hot sunshine in between has complicated 
farm work. It has been good weather 
for seeding grass or grain, and we have 
put in considerable rye and clover. I ex¬ 
pected to cut the Alfalfa for the third 
time, but the weather was against it. 
Strawberry weeding still continues, and is 
likely to keep up at odd times until No¬ 
vember. [t is hard to imagine how quickly 
the weeds fill our soil during the moist 
season if left alone. The same conditions 
which push along the weeds bring up the 
clover and Cow-horn turnips. One who 
has never seen these turnips grow would 
be surprised at the size of our plants at 
30 days from sowing. They make a 
larger growth above ground than the or¬ 
dinary white turnips, while the tap root 
grows straight down into the soil. In 30 
days from sowing the seed I find these 
tap roots nine inches long. It is this 
deep rooting which gives this turnip its 
chief value. It opens up the soil and, 
1 believe, takes plant food from the lower 
soil and puts it near the surface where 
most other crops need it. I am sowing a 
small quantity of Winter vetch. I got 
this seed through the Department of Agri¬ 
culture. It is northern grown and select¬ 
ed—that is, bred through several seasons 
for special hardiness and size. 1 am sow¬ 
ing it with rye, and shall let both crops 
go to seed and thrash out the vetch. Peo¬ 
ple who have grown this vetch for years 
tell great stories of its value. As I' do 
not grow grain I have no fear that the 
vetch will mix up with rye or wheat, 
while if there is any crop that will give 
me more nitrogen and fodder through 
the idle months than Crimson clover, I 
want it. From what these men tell me I 
can, by sowing vetch in September and 
cow peas in June, produce nitrogen 
enough on my hills to give me all the 
organic forms of it I need. Then by us¬ 
ing nitrate of soda as needed I can have 
a full supply. All these things are worth 
trying. The Alfalfa is still jumping. On 
September 21 I found a number of plants 
five inches tall and green as need be. For 
the first time in seven years we have a 
full supply of melons, and how the chil¬ 
dren do enjoy them! I have told how we 
plowed five furrows on each side of about 
20 rows of young apple trees. Then we 
planted melons, squash and pumpkins 
along these rows, putting a shovelful of 
manure at each hill. The dry weather cut 
them somewhat,■ but they have come like 
race horses in the last three weeks. As 
you look up the hill you see what looks 
like great lumps of gold scattered along 
the pumpkin rows. There will be a heavy 
crop of Hubbard squash—and about the 
least expensive crop I ever raised. . . . 
These are happy days for the dozen Hope 
harm Cheshires. Talk about Alfalfa and 
Cow-horn turnips, they can’t produce root 
or top that will equal one of these bud¬ 
ding pork barrels. These pigs run in an 
orchard of early apples near the barn. A 
little stream runs through the orchard, 
and there is nothing for Mrs. Cheshire 
and her children to do but root and grow 
fat. We do not ring the pigs, but leave 
them free to rip the soil as they please. 
The way they turn it over in their hunt 
for grubs surely gives “thorough culture” 
and makes my mulched trees jump to 
make even a respectable showing. On a 
farm like ours where there are wastes of 
all sorts of vegetables, it does not cost 
much to feed a dozen growing pigs. Soft 
cabbage, sweet corn that is too hard for 
boiling, small potatoes boiled and the 
many other things that accumulate on a 
garden farm, all make good food for a 
pig. Just now we are feeding no grain 
except soft ears of sweet corn from a 
patch near the house. This, with cab¬ 
bage, house wastes and what they find in 
the orchard keeps the pigs fat and thrifty. 
We shall have by Christmas over a ton 
of good pork produced with very little 
labor and light expense. No pig in a pen 
for me. Let no man, however, put a 
drove of pigs into an orchard where 
mulch has been piled around the trees. 
Pigs know their business too well. They 
will go right to that mulch and tear it 
up, digging down so as to injure the tree. 
Another thing—if you put pigs in an or¬ 
chard be sure they have plenty of ashes. 
Otherwise they may gnaw and bark the 
trees. 
Saving Fertility. —A farmer who start¬ 
ed out to get some subscriptions to The 
R. N.-Y. tells me the story of his trip. 
Among other things he says: 
One man was busy hauling tobacco stalks 
out into the field and burning them. I 
asked him if he did not think they would be 
of some benefit to the land if plowed under. 
He said they might have been if plowed 
under when green, but that they had lain 
there three or four years and were of no 
account now. 
I believe this man was wrong, though 
I confess that I could not prove it to him 
without some direct “sign.” I do not feel 
that we can possibly afford to burn any 
organic matter except wood or something 
that bears disease. When that man burned 
those tobacco stems he lost all the nitro¬ 
gen they contained because the heat of 
burning turned it into a gas and drove 
it off. As for me, I am working my wits 
to obtain nitrogen for my crops, and I 
cannot afford to drive it off. If that man 
saw his wife take a pound of sugar and 
throw it out on the grass I should prob¬ 
ably have to use a blue pencil on his re¬ 
marks before we could print them. Or, 
if she bought a bottle of washing am¬ 
monia and left the cork out until you 
couldn’t smell the gas he would break out 
again. You could hardly blame him, be¬ 
cause he paid money for these things, and 
why should his wife waste them? I would, 
like to make that man see that when he 
burns those tobacco stalks he is worse 
than his wife who “wastes” sugar or am¬ 
monia. He had to buy fertilizer to grow 
that tobacco in the first place. He paid 
at least 18 cents a pound for the nitrogen 
in those stems. A ton of the stems con¬ 
tained over four times as much nitrogen 
as a ton of good manure. He will have 
to pay about $9 for the nitrogen which he 
drives off when he burns a ton of those 
stems. To say that they are “no account” 
because they have lain several years in a 
pile is nonsense. There may be men who 
can afford to pay $9 to let the atmos¬ 
phere “smoke up” by burning tobacco, but 
I can’t. Anyway, aside from the loss of 
nitrogen, our soils need vegetable matter 
or humus. Those stems, plowed into the 
ground, and left to decay there, would 
help the soil even if they never added a 
pound of plant food. Would this man 
take old stable manure out and burn it? 
The stems contain four times as much 
nitrogen as the old manure would. I 
can see no excuse whatever for that man. 
I wish his wife would master the subject 
of manurial wastes, and then make life a 
burden to him. h. w. C. 
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