1007. 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
253 
“HIGH GRADE" AND “LOWGRADE." 
Some of our best strawberry growers con¬ 
sider it good business policy to use at least 
a ton of high-grade fertilizer to the acre. 
The experience of many years convinces them 
that this heavy fertilizing pays On the 
same farm perhaps 500 pounds of fertilizer 
on a.n acre will produce three tons of hay. 
So far ns actual plant food goes a ton of 
the hay will contain nearly 60 pounds, while 
a ton of strawberries carries barely five 
pounds. Thus the heavy fertilizing of the 
strawberry Is not based upon the amount of 
plant food the crop requires. The peculiar 
nature and habits of tue crop demand thac 
we keep constantly within its reach an 
abundant supply of soluble food. A low-grade 
insoluble fertilizer could not produce the 
great strawberry crop because its plant food 
is not soluble. We are sometimes asked to 
explain what we mean by “high grade” and 
“low grade.” Every farmer understands 
the difference between quick and slow man¬ 
ure. Take a lot of cow manure thrown in 
small piles under the barn eaves and well 
leached by the rain. Most of the available 
plant food lias been washed out of it. No 
farmer from his experience would expect 
to grow a large crop of onions or celery by 
using such manure. It might grow a fail- 
crop of corn because when plowed under it 
would rot in the soil and thus become slowly 
available. If, however, a farmer could have 
some of the same manure properly handled 
from the first with all its plant food retained 
and well fermented, so that its nitrogen 
had become available, he would have suitable 
food for the onion crop. The well-fermented 
manure represents “high grade,” the leached 
and unfermented, “low grade.” Will any 
farmer or gardener doubt the greafer econ¬ 
omy of using the “high grade”? 
FIELD STONE FOR FOUNDATION. 
J. J. E., Hasclton, N. Y .—Could some of 
your experts help me solve this problem? 
Our house foundation is falling in, and a 
new wall must be laid all around. Would 
it be possible to use common field stone about 
six inches diameter thrown into forms with 
cement or lime mortar? Would cement or 
lime be best, and why? flow would cost 
compare with wall laid up and pointed, for 
which only one half of stone needed is now 
in place? Would frost be apt to follow 
stones through a wall of field stones and 
mortar? How thick should a wall be to 
keep out frost at 30 degrees below zero and 
a generally cold Winter? Which job would 
cost least, and how (in detail) should the 
field stone job be done? 
A principle underlies wall construction 
which holds that the greater the number 
and size of the voids, or in other words, 
the greater the space between the stone 
the more costly, because of extra mortar 
required. This is particularly true of 
light walls. In heavy abutments where 
great pressure is brought to bear’ and 
large flat stone are necessary, the cost 
of quarrying and handling will more than 
offset the extra cement required for con¬ 
crete construction. It can be safely 
stated that wall construction in the coun¬ 
try where material is at hand can be more 
cheaply done with stone and mortar than 
as concrete, because the bulk of the ma¬ 
terial costs nothing perhaps but hauling. 
Giving figures is often misleading; prices 
vary and one man figures labor on the 
farm and another does not, but these fig¬ 
ures will give an approximate idea. Where 
I live walls can be laid for $1.25 per 
perch plus expense of mortar, which 
would not exceed 15 cents, or a total of 
$1.40. This is a trifle less than six cents per 
cubic foot of furnished wall. For a cubic 
yard of 27 feet, Taylor says a 1-3-6 mix¬ 
ture, which is right for walls like this 
one, will require one barrel cement, worth 
$2, one-half cubic yard sand, worth de¬ 
livered 50 cents and nine-tenths yard 
crushed stone worth 75 cents, a total of 
$3.25 for material on spot, to which must 
be added labor, from 80 cents to $1 per 
cubic yard, and the expense of forms, 
which will be around 15 cents. We can 
therefore figure about $4.25 per yard, or 
15^4 cents per cubic foot, over twice as 
much as the stone wall. I think from 
my experience that these concrete figures 
are 25 per cent too high for such a wall 
as here mentioned, using field stone. 
As this proposition appears to me, if 
the stone for the remainder of the wall 
can be found, there would be a saving of 
25 per cent over concrete if they are not 
obtainable. Put up a form inside, using the 
dirt for a backing, then hand-lay the small 
stone in layers only one deep, and pour 
over them a thin mixture of one cement 
to five sand. Be sure the mixture runs 
around and completely envelopes the 
stone. Use stone in each layer as near a 
common size as possible; when you get 
up to a point where the stone on the 
ground will finish the job use them. It 
is difficult to finish up a good job with 
concrete under a building and not have 
a space between sill and wall. With 
mason work this is easy. If the plan 
here suggested is followed let the con¬ 
crete work stand and “set” before com¬ 
mencing the wall and so prevent settling. 
While concrete is more costly per cubic 
yard, in new work one may often be able 
to build a much lighter wall than would 
stand, if of stone, and so save somewhat, 
and not greatly exceed plain stonework. 
Frost will go through the solid concrete 
much more rapidly than stonework, be¬ 
cause the latter is broken up a bit and 
may have air spaces that serve as non¬ 
conductors. In building cellar walls it is 
advantageous to have an air space above 
the ground. They should not be less than 
20 inches and 24 is better. h. e. cook. 
BUY N.Y. STATE WAGONS AT WHOLESALE PRICES 
FARMER’S 
HANDY 
WAGON 
Body 32x75 in., Extra 
Wide Removable Seats, 
Platform Springs (if 
Wanted), Drop Tail Gate, 
Hangs Low, Strong, 
Nicely Finished. 
The best wagon ever 
offered at this price. Can¬ 
not be equalled anywhere. 
Gladly sent on approval. 
Buy this N. Y. State made wagon. If it is not a bargain, return it at our expense. We manufacture high 
grade wagons to sell at factory cost. You save from $10 to $20 by buying from us at Wholesale Prices. The quality 
is first-class, each and every part is guaranteed, and our prices the lowest ever quoted on this grade of work. 
Send postal card for our Free Carriage Catalogue of over 70 different styles, with Wholesale Price List. 
ROCHESTER VEHICLE CO., 362 Main St., ROCHESTER, N. Y. 
A Confidential Price 
? Farmers 
If you want the 
best Cultivator 
FOR YOUR OWN 
USE, we will 
quote you a price 
lower than tlhe 
regular whole¬ 
sale price to 
dealers. 
L ET us quote the new 1907 direct-to-you 
price on the original New American Cul¬ 
tivator. Write us a postal now before 
you lay this paper away. Simply say "make 
me your confidential price on a New Ameri¬ 
can Cultivator for my own use." We will 
come right back at you with a price that will 
open your eyes. We 
don’t give the price in 
this advertisement be¬ 
cause we don’t care to 
let dealers know what 
an astonishingly low 
price we can afford to 
make on the New 
American this year. 
But you can understand 
why we can save you so much money when we 
tell you that our factory-to-you plan saves you 
all traveling men’s salaries and expenses, the 
dealers’ profits, rent, clerk hire, etc. 
We’ll send you a New American to test right 
in your own fields for 30 days. Because we 
want you to know that the New American 
hasn’t an equal at any price. There are imi¬ 
tations and we don’t want you to take a sub¬ 
stitute when we know the New American can 
and will prove to you on trial that it’s the only 
Cultivator that will give you real satisfaction in 
every way—every time. The N ew American is 
the standard. Every 
user will tell you that.. 
Take a Now Ameri¬ 
can. Use it as if you 
owned it. If it doesn’t 
make good in every re¬ 
spect ship it back and 
you won’t be out a cent. 
We pay the freight 
both ways. 
Our direct-to-you selling plan has naturally 
brought us a rush of orders. So get in early 
and have your New American when you want 
it. Write today and we will send you our 
free catalog and quote you price by return 
mail. 
30 
Days' Free 
Held Test 
AMERICAN HARROW COMPANY 
1656 Hastings Street, Detroit, Michigan 
LOOK! LOOK! PLANTS FOR SALE 
Blackberry. Raspberry and Strawberry Plants. No. 1 
plants, all true to name. Before buying write me 
for prices on goods. I think I can save you money. 
2 FARMS FOR SALE, all down in berries, peaches, 
apples and plums. Good buildings, first class water; 
one farm has 41 acres, the other 70 fine location. 
Catalogue Ifree. D. W. MOSLEY, Dover, Del. 
m. 
NURSERIES sell Direct 
pay freight, give FULL value 
Founded 1825. Large NEW Fruit Book 
STRAWBERRY PLANTS W S 
new catalog free,today. Prices from $1.25 per 1000 up. 
DAVID KODWAY, - Hartly, Del. 
NIGHTS 
FRUIT PLANTS 
Do you want the best 
northern grown Straw¬ 
berry, Raspberry 
Black berry, Currant 
aiul Grape VINES 
WE HAVE THEM 
at a reasonable price. We guarantee our plants to reach you in 
tine growing condition ami true to name. We have hail 30 years' 
experience and ship plants to every State. Our 32-page Catalog 
is valuable to any fruit grower. Send for It. 
DAVID KNIGHT & SON. Sawyer. Mich. 
pEARTREES 
* Quinces and Stock by Mail a Specialty 
and all other kinds of Trees and Plants. 
Catalogue Free. 
JOS. H. BLACK, SON & CO., 
Hightstown, New Jersey. 
> BERRY PLANTS 
We are headquarters for plants 
of the new “Oswego" strawberry 
and 60 other best new and old 
varieties. Also the “Plum 
Farmer” raspberry and other 
desirable kinds of Raspberries. 
Blackberries and other Fruit 
.Plants, etc. 23 years experience. 
Highest awards at World’s Fair. We 
Invite correspondence. Catalog free. 
t.J. Farmer, Box 720, Pulaski, N. Y, 
Strawberry Plants 
Large stock of thrifty, younf* plants 
from a strain of prolific fruit Dearera, 
Also Trees, Vines, California Privet, 
Asparagus Roots, Garden Tools, Spray 
Pumps, etc. Catalog free. Write. 
ARTHUR J. COLLINS, BOX R 
MOORESTOWN, N. J. 
TREES hardy/ r enable Fruit Trees 
With Nothing on Them But a TRUE LABEL. 
Our catalog with endorsements will prove to you that the most careful conservative Planters want 
our trees. H. S. WILEY & SON, Drawer 132, Cayuga, New York. 
A beautiful colored plate of our 
New Eaton 
Red Raspberry 
and our Btrawberry catalog of valu¬ 
able Information about varieties 
with instructions xf or - beginners. 
Free to all. 
THE FLANSBURCH * POTTER CO„ 
Cemlle, Michigan. - ■».. - 
ARE YOU READY 
OUR TREES BEAR FRUIT 
THEY REPKESENT PENNSYLVANIA’S BEST. EXTRA PINE STOCK FOR SPUING 
shipment, grown where the soil and climate produces the hardiest and best trees 
in the world. Apple, Pear, Plum, Peach, Cherry and Quince Trees in large assort¬ 
ment ; also Grape Vines, Currants. Gooseberry Plants, Raspberry and Blackberry 
Plants. Shade and Ornamental Trees, highest indorsement. You cannot afford 
to miss getting our catalogue, our prices are right and stock the best. Write today. 
THE RIVERSIDE NURSERY CO., - - Confluence, Penna. 
CHOICE 
RAY PEACH for flavor, yield, 
keeping qualities, beauty. Leader 
everywhere. Chairs and every 
good kind. Finest trees grown. 
Concord, Mooro’s Early and 
all good varieties of grapes. 
HARRISON’S NURSERIES 
FRUITS 
BALDWIN and 100 other kinds 
apples. Trees with vigor and 
hardiness to grow any where. Over 
500,000 ready for 1907. Select 
kinds for your region. We'll help 
you. Ask for our new catalog. 
Box 29, Berlin, Maryland. 
STRAWBERRIES 
big, red and luclous are grown from ALLEN’S choice vigorous Btrawberry 
plants. None better. Good Luck, Chesapeake, Virginia, and Cardinal nsw 
Glen Mary, Haverland, Dunlap, Marshall, Klondyke, Gamly, Bn bach, Climax 
and all best standard sorts, 90 varieties. Prices Right; DEWBERRIES, Aus¬ 
tin’s, Lucretia, and l’renio. I have big stock and they are fine, also Rasp¬ 
berry, Currant and Gooseberry plants, and Grape vines. In SEEDS I have 
the leading varieties for field and garden, my 1907 supply of Peas,Beans,Water¬ 
melon, Cantaloupe, and Cucumber seeds are vary cholca. Millions of vegetable plants y 
My 60 page Catalog for 1907 tells about lots of good things for the farm and garden and where 
. It's FREE. Send name and address on postal to W. F. ALLEN Dept. 17, Salisbury, Md. 
to place your order for Fruit Trees now, 
while the Nurseries have a full stock, 
and while you have time to attend to 
it? Call’s Nurseries, Perry, O., make a 
specialty of dealing direct with their cus¬ 
tomers. They employ no agents, but 
have the reputation of sending out the 
finest trees that can be grown. Write 
them for Price List. 
Get Our Surplus List 
on Apple and Peach 
Trees. Finest lot grown. 
C. R. BURR & CO., Manchester, Conn. 
Transplanted vegetable plants 
of the highest quality at the 
lowest price. Buy from the 
largest, cheapest, and most 
reliable growers in America. 
Write for catalogue. 
.. THE J. K. HUTTON CO., 
Conyngham, Pa., Formerly J. E. Hatton & Son. 
000 Dollars from one Acre. The second 
|UUU year 21,000 seven hundred and 80 quarts of 
Strawberries per acre. A variety I want you to 
plant. It will do you good 1908. List free. 
Kevitt’s Plant Farm, Atheulu, N. J, 
