1907. 
257 
TIIE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
EASTERN MEETING OF THE NEW 
YORK STATE FRUIT GROWERS 
ASSOCIATION. 
Part II. 
Prof. Felt then gave a lecture on “Three 
Imported Pests,” with stereopticon illustra¬ 
tions showing the work of the Gipsy and 
Brown-tail moths, and these insects in dif¬ 
ferent stages of development. tie said he 
thought the fruit growers need mot fear these 
on their orchards, as they will be quite eas¬ 
ily controlled there, but the forest and 
shade trees would be the ones to suffer. These 
insects attack conifers as well as deciduous 
trees, and one defoliation k.lis the former, 
although the latter will stand three or four 
defoliations. The English sparrows, he said, 
had driven away many of our insect-eating 
birds especially in the cities and large towns. 
was then dis- 
The cover crop question 
cussed B. J. Case thinks 
cover crops, and 
this year. Prof, 
be all right in 
too soon in dry 
Connell doesn’t 
late to sow 
his in June 
this would 
but would be 
seasons. Mr. 
August 1 too 
expects to sow 
Hedrick thinks 
a wet season, 
or ordinary 
like to sow 
cover crops before last of July or first of 
August. In peach orchards cultivation must 
be kept up i" get size in fruit, and oats 
make the best cover crop. Mr. Case uses 
Mammoth clover. One member prefers buck¬ 
wheat. Prof. Iledrick said clover should be 
used not oftener than one year in three, 
on account of getting a surplus of nitrogen. 
The sod atnd tillage treatment was discussed 
at some length, there being many different 
opinions, but this discussion seemed to bring 
out more plainly than ever that every man 
must study his own conditions and apply 
principles accordingly. 
When apple trees stand so close together 
t'liat the branches interlock, will it injure the 
trees if the ends of the branches are cut 
off? Prof. Iledrick advised cutting out part 
of the trees, though cutting back old trees 
has lieen successfully done. Will it do to 
cut back the tops of old Baldwin trees? The 
Maxwell orchard at Geneva lias been lowered 
10 to 12 feet in this way. Why do nursery¬ 
men persist in budding cherries on Malialeb 
stock when they make such a poorly rooted 
tree, and when worked on Mazzard stock are 
so much better? Prof. Iledrick said it cost 
about three times as much to grow cherry on 
Mazzard stock, but thought when the grower 
was willing to pay for such trees they would 
nave :io trouble in gottimg them. lie said 
sweet cherries should always be worked on 
Mazzard. Is it advisable to plant corn or 
potatoes in a peach orchard? Mr. Barnes 
said : “I think there would be no profit after 
trees are bearing age. It is profitable to 
grow crops in a peach orchard two or three 
years only.” 
The fruit buds being generally killed this 
season many wainted an easy way of getting 
through the'season without extra work: some 
thinking by cutting back severely and grow¬ 
ing another crop in orchard, or by leav¬ 
ing out the cultivation they could bring 
orchards through the season with little ex¬ 
pense. The general opinion was that cultiva¬ 
tion was necessary, and some advised cutting 
back severely, while others contended that 
tills would induce a strong soft growth liable 
to Winter injury. Prof. Iledrick said lie 
could imagine no condition where lie would 
not cultivate. Don't cut back too severely 
and don’t use too many legumes. Get early 
growth and well ripened wood and buds. 
What will prevent black rot of the grape? 
Sprayed five times with Bordeaux without 
success. Mr. Taber, though lie was never 
seriously troubled with this disease, thinks 
much depends on character of soil, and be¬ 
lieves rot is many times due to the use of 
stable manure. He has checked it by going 
through vinevard and removing the first 
hunches affected. It seems last year was 
an exceptionally favorable season for 
rot. and if is thought that Bordeaux spraying 
will generally prove effective. Mr. Gillett 
said “Spraying for black rot of the grape 
pays, but meeds more than one year to con¬ 
quer. Keep at it. beginning before the buds 
break with a very strong mixture followed by 
the regular 6-4-50 formula. Most growers 
give three applications.” 
Prof. Parrott spoke on “San Jose Scale.” 
lie covered about the same ground as at the 
Penn Yan meeting, and thinks the scale will 
not always be so destructive. Dime-sulphur 
is best knowin remedy, and lias strong tungi- 
cidal properties especially valuable on the 
peach. It is very disagreeable fo apply, but 
witli proper precaution there need be no 
injury. The reasons for failures with 
lime-sulphur are due to improper application. 
Oil sprays are good in some instances. Be 
careful in buying nursery stock. Prune to 
small atnd compact trees and head low. 
Dr W. E. Britton spoke on “Some Con¬ 
necticut Problems.” He said their condi¬ 
tions were similar to those in the Hudson 
Valiev, and thev had very large peach 
orchards. The scale was discovered in Con- 
nocticut in 1895, and many trees wore killed 
by crude petroleum. lie finds lime-sulphur 
the best remedy, atnd besides acting also as a 
fungicide il keeps the Pear psylla in check, 
if the tree is coated with lime-sulphur the 
new broods from the few scale that escape 
move to uncovered wood on the new growth 
and on the leaves and fruit. With oil sprays 
this is not so, and an abundance of scale 
on fruit from lime-sulphur treated trees does 
not mean that scale is more plentiful on 
those trees than on oil-sprayed trees, but 
usually the opposite Miscible oils are good 
for small places, and are convenient, but for 
orchard work nothing will take the place of 
lime-sulphur and it is not so hard to prepare 
as rep resented. 
Is a 150 gallon tank as good as a 50-gallon 
barrel to cook lime-sulphur wash In? Prof. 
Parrott does not think size of barrel has 
any effect on results. In northern Ohio they 
boil from 1,000 to 5.000 gallons at once. 
As long as well boiled it makes no difference 
in what quantity made. What variety of 
strawberries is best for fancy trade, produc¬ 
tive and late? Mr. Taber said William Belt 
was best for growth, productiveness and 
quality. Other varieties mentioned were 
Stevens Late, Crimson Cluster, Glen Mary. 
Brandywine, Scofield and Nettie. Mr. Barnes 
finds spraying for stem blight of the straw¬ 
berry unsuccessful, but all right for leaf- 
blight Mr. Lansing thinks distinction should 
be made plain that spraying for insects is 
remedial, while spraying for plant diseases 
is preventive. Is Gano apple adapted to 
Hudson Valley ? Mr. Jansen said quality is 
, ) 
better than Ben Davis, but otherwise is 
similar. He prefers Gaino only in preference 
to Ben Davis. He recommends Northern Spy. 
McIntosh and Twenty Ounce: but the latter 
should be topworked on account of its weak¬ 
ness to collar rot. E. c. g. 
SOME ALFALFA EXPERIENCE. 
My first experiment was made in the Fall 
of 1904. when I sowed a little Alfalfa in one 
end of my wheat field of that year: it was 
sowed with wheat. Of course, I knew this 
wasn't making a fair test, sowing late and 
sowing with another crop. The Alfalfa came 
up all right, but killed out or was choked 
out by the heavy growth of wheat, though 
I never had a better catch of Red clover 
than In that same field. Just a little Alfalfa 
grew and was cut with the heavy first and 
second crop of Red clover last year (1900). 
My second experiment was in July, 1905. I 
have a little orchard of a few very old apple 
trees, just north of the house, perhaps an 
acre in extent. This I use for a big pasture, 
or more properly a bog run. I took out the 
brood sows in it at the time, plowed this 
orchard and harrowed as thoroughly as I 
could, for if had never been cultivated ex¬ 
cept by the hogs. Then I sowed Alfalfa, but 
not having faith enough, also sowed with it 
some Crimson clover. Both came up very 
thick, and went into Winter in fine shape. 
Very little, if any. winter-killed, and as we 
had plenty of rain last Spring the Alfalfa 
and clover both grew very fast. It was 
about knee-high the first part of .Tune when 
I turned in some lambs, separated from the 
ewes, which Iambs were sold as they became 
heavy enough. Then our little flock of ewes, 
18 in number, were allowed to eat it down 
at two different times. Next two brood sows 
were given the orchard the rest of the year, 
and they ate tops, crowns, roots and all. I 
am sorry now I did not ring these sows, and 
try to save my Alfalfa, but the mischief is 
done, and I propose trying again in another 
place and under as favorable conditions as I 
can make. Red clover does unusually well in 
our section. Most of us rarely fail to get 
a catch, and as rarely cut less than two tons 
per acre, first cutting alone. We usually 
sow on wheat in the Spring .or during “maple 
sugar time," but so thoroughly is our ground 
inoculated that it grows sown almost “any 
old way.” Whv Alfalfa, then, when your 
Red clover does so well? For two reasons 
for me. Of Alfalfa there will be one sowing 
in 10 or more years, and more cuttings, and. 
second, we have no business to raise wheat, 
much of it. in Michigan : cows and sheep. I 
believe, will do better for us. b. a. b. 
Bangor. Mich. 
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