278 
March .10, 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
EASTERN MEETING OF THE NEW 
YORK STATE FRUIT GROWERS 
ASSOCIATION. 
PART III. 
“Apples,” by T. B. Wilson followed. He 
began by saying tha 1 everyone must work 
from Ills own standpoint, studying bis soil 
conditions and location, lie thinks scientific 
men should be more careful In their state¬ 
ments. Men must lx' educated to the busi¬ 
ness, and he said he was not going to tell 
what others should do, hut merely what lie 
had done and others must consider their 
conditions if they try to follow his plan. 
Ills soli Is a clay loam underlaid with hard 
pan bars. Beneath this is slate rock, which 
has water In Its seams the year round. This 
soil lias been thoroughly underdrained to the 
depth of three feet, with the drains f*0 feet 
apart, lie lias an orchard that has not been 
plowed for 4() years, but thinks It safer to 
advocate tillage rather than sod for most 
conditions. Under his own conditions he 
cultivates till trees are 10 or 12 years old to 
get growth. He gets soil as mellow as pos¬ 
sible before planting, and sets in the Kail; 
buys the best frees obtainable, and would 
rniher pay double to get his choice. He is 
very careful never to sot: a tree with root 
gall, lie will not trust nurserymen to select 
varieties, but selects trees that are good 
strong growers, preferring Northern Spy and 
top-works from trees known to produce extra 
fine fruit. A Greening orchard grafted 
over to Hubbardston is the most profitable 
two acres he has. He buds the year set. 
Inserting about three buds on different sides 
of tree about three or four feet from ground. 
Bud moths are very had on these young buds, 
and should lie carefully watched till bud has 
made a short shoot. After buds are well 
started he selects the strongest, and selects 
the one on the west side of tree if as good 
ns others, cuts off tree alxive that bud and 
destroys other buds, lie sets on tlx* hexag¬ 
onal system, and believes In intermixing 
varieties for the benefits to lie derived from 
Inter fertilization. In training the tree let. 
center limb grow up straight and serve as a 
leader to build top from. Let three limbs 
form around this at the height head of 
tree is desired, letting none form exactly op¬ 
posite so as to make a decided crotch. Then 
let three more limbs form In a similar way 
two arid a half or three feet above first set 
of three, and another set above these. This 
will bring top as high as desirable. Don’t 
thin too severely at any one time. He be¬ 
lieves the scald of Greenings in cold storage 
Is due to picking too early and hurrying to 
storage before they are thoroughly grown. 
Honest packing Is the best policy and Hie 
grower who follows this will be better off in 
the long run. He seeds down orchard at 
12 years of age. and turns in three hogs per 
acre. When grass gets growing faster than 
hogs, can eat it lie turns in sheep to keep it. 
down. A wash containing carbolic acid will 
keep sheep from gnawing trees. He uses 
large quantities of barnyard manure. If 
orchard gets too thick It is hotter to cut out 
pari of trees than try to head back. He 
hail one orchard a few years ago that was 
in tine condition, but getting too thick; but 
did not have tin 1 heart to cut out the trees, 
ns they were still bringing good crops, so lie 
tied strings around the trees he wanted out 
and left home for several days, leaving In¬ 
structions for trees to be removed. Spray 
and spray thorough ’y. The trees at the 
ends of the rows get a double dose of spray 
everv lime over and these trees showed less 
Bordeaux Injury than the others. He be¬ 
lieves this is duo to their getting more light 
Bird air. Prof. Hedrick here said that the 
foliage of these trees was stronger for get¬ 
ting this extra light and air. and thus less 
liable to Injury from Bordeaux. Leaves that 
do not gel sunshine are always weaker. Mr. 
Wilson has a Baldwin orchard 25 years old 
that yielded IK barrels of tine apples to each 
tree, lie heads quite high and as stated 
before believes It better to take out part 
of trees than try to cut back. Mr. Morrell 
believes in low-headed trees. Mr. Van Al- 
styne said top working had liecomo a fad, 
but with the exception of Twenty Ounce and 
King he has never seen a successful top- 
worked orchard aside from Mr. Wilson’s. 
He said he would give $200 to-day if he had 
not ton-worked an orchard of only f>0 trees. 
He befleves in letting the nurseryman work 
the trees from a known bearing tree and pay 
him accordingly. Mr. Cornell has had no 
trouble In top-working hut his trees have 
been cleft-grafted and are mostly pear. 
B. .1. Case then gave a paper on “Small 
Fruits.” lie said lie had not come to the 
Hudson Valiev to try to tell them how to 
grow small fruits, but merely to tell of 
some of tiie methods practiced in Wayne 
County. They grow hut few varieties and 
large plantations In western New York. 
Blackcaps have been the principal berry with 
them, but there are not as many grown as 
formerly. These are mostly evaporated, and 
the low prices on evaporated berries the last 
few years have cut the business very much. 
They need well drained, though naturally 
moist soli. Sand or gravel Is best:. Fit 
ns early in Spring as possible ; rows seven to 
eight feet apart and plants two to 2 1 /. feet, 
apart In row. They can be transplanted 
early In Spring before growth starts, or 
after the new shoots have made five or six 
inches’ growth. Grow potatoes between the 
rows the first year. Ohio has been the fav¬ 
orite for 30 years. Black Diamond Is now 
largely used because less subject to anthrac- 
nose. It Is a larger berrv and gives heavier 
yields the first and second years of fruiting. 
It also gives a better quality of evaporated 
fruit. Harvesters are used in gathering. 
They use no stakes, and head at from 20 
inches to two feet. Red raspberries are set 
the Kami' distances and cultivated In a nar 
row hedgerow. Cuthliert is the favorite, and 
Columbian for the purple fruit. Columbian 
has the same habit of growth as blackcaps. 
Blackberries are set. In rows eight feet apart 
amd two to 2 Vi feet In the row. They are 
cut hack at 2or three feet and allowed 
to branch. Erie is best. but. they also grow 
Fnvder, MJnnewaskl, Agawam, Klttatlnny and 
Ward. He told of a patch of Fries that 
bore profitable crops from 1887 to 1903, 
and were then killed bv rust. This Is ns 
good as most peach orchards. 
Among strawberries, near Rochester the 
old Wilson Is growin almost, exclusively for 
canning factories. Near Oswego the favor¬ 
ites are Wm. Belt, Marshall and Atlantic. 
Set three feet apart and from 15 Inches to 2Vi 
feet apart In rows according to the ability of 
the variety to make runners. He saw a 
patch of Marshall set 3 by 2V> feet and ouly 
two plaints allowed to set from each mother 
plant, taking the second set of runners 
formed, which gave each plant 15 Inches’ 
space In row. They were fertilized heavily 
with commercial fertilizer, and yielded 7,000 
quarts of extra fine berries per acre. Jessie 
Is a favorite In Wayne County, and seems 
to do its 1 st there; only doing Indifferently, 
In many places. Cherries are grown mostly 
for canning factories. They spray with 
Bordeaux to prevent rot. Ninety per cent 
of the farmers In northern Wayne county 
have evaporators of their own. with a capac¬ 
ity of from 50 to 300 bushels dally. In an¬ 
swer to questions of cost for an evaporator 
of from 250 to 300 bushels daily capacity 
he said It depended on the kind built and 
advised anyone contemplating the building 
of one to visit the evaporating section of 
western New York. Mr. Morrell said that on 
a visit In Wayne County he saw more dried 
apples in one pile that lie ever saw before 
In his life. Several remarks were made on 
the pure food law and adulterations. One 
member brought down (he house by saving. 
“I have just retired from the wholesa'e drug 
business, and know all about adulterations,’’ 
but hi- joined in the laugh and went on to tell 
of the different foods In which we have been 
eating coal tar. One member thought if .some 
evaporators and canning factories could lie 
established in the Hudson Valley It would 
hep) solve the problem of gatherin'* perish¬ 
able fruit on Sundays, as is now quite com¬ 
monly practiced. The meeting was then ad¬ 
journed. R ' s> 
CROP PROSPECTS. 
i do 
not 
bear 
ma ny 
report > 
i on 
pea 
icll 
Injury 
yel, but 
i t 
hi ilk 
it must 
bo 
gene 
ral 
and severe. 
In 
my 
orchard I am tin 
itthle 
to 
find a 
single 
live 
bud 
a fter 
two 
hou 
rs' 
search. 
A. 
I L, 
Brie 
Co., 
Pa. 
The 
While 
*r 
lias 
been 
long 
and 
seve 
re. 
iroinuH y f luarcu i w, ;i mi/,/,iiui aummi 
ail day.’ Wheat Is looking very poor; some 
sickness among farm stock. A great epidemic 
of typhoid fever In New Castle, our county 
seat, owing to bad drinking water. Hay, 
$20; apples, $1 per bushel; potatoes, 7 
cents; eggs, 30 cents a dozen; butter,’ 
cenls. J. c. T. 
New Wilmington, I’a. 
Steady amd cool, mercury about 20 In 
morning and 30 at noon. Have had a peas¬ 
ant Winter without, any heavy fall of snow; 
very little sleighing and only a few ex¬ 
tremely cold days; two degrees below zero 
the coldest here. . Prospect good for wheat 
and rye. Prices good for all farm crops; 
live stock healthy, and prices the best In 
years. Indiana State Grange session will be 
held this year, December 10 to 13 Inclusive, 
at. Lawrenceburg, Ind. s. s. 
Oakwood, Ind. 
WANT TO KNOW. 
Shingles Dipped in Tail —Has anyone 
tried dipping shingles In hot coal tar be¬ 
fore using? What were the results? 
Little Falls, N. Y. jr. k. 
Selling Mohair. —<We would be glad to 
hear from some one who has had experience 
In selling Angora goat wool as to best place 
to sell and price they have received. We 
have several small fiocks in the neighborhood 
and we have been selling In local market at 
about same price as sheep's wool, sometimes 
less. a. B. 
La Grange, Mo. 
W e ve given you the 
strongest possible 
reasons why the STER¬ 
LING “Has No Equal,” 
and want you to send 
for the 
Steruno-> Range 
Booklet, 
so that when the question 
of a new range comes up, 
you’ll have before you all 
the facts and figures to 
prove this is the stove 
you should buy for life¬ 
time satisfaction. It’s free. 
Write to-day. 
SILL STOVE WORKS, 
5 Sterling; PL, Rochester, N. Y. 
aums w|ll d|g y ° ur 
POTATOES 0. K. 
[POTA TO DIG GER 
1907 
Send for Our 
Special 
G.ET THE RIGHT GARDEN TOOLS 
It pays to get Planet Jr farm and garden tools. 
No other kind docs the work so well or lasts 
P 1 
nearly so long. 
Planet Jr tools increase a man’s capacity three to six times. 
No 25 Planet Jr Combined Hill and Drill Seeder and Double-Wheel Hoe, Cultivator 
and Plow. Simple and easy-running. In one operation, it opens the furrow, sows the seed accu¬ 
rately in drills or in hills 4 to 24 inches apart, covers, rolls, and marks out the next row. 
No 8 Planet Jr Horse Hoe and Cultivator will do more things in more ways than any other 
horse hoe made. Works the ground thoroughly, any depth desired, with perfect safety to plants. 
Strong, simple, perfectly adjustable. Plows to or from row. A splendid hiller. 
Write today for 1907 Catalogue of these implements, also Wheel Hoes, One- 
and Two-horse Riding-Cultivators, Harrows, Orchard- and Beet- 
Cultivators— 45 kinds in all. 
S. L. Allen & Co., Box v , Philadelphia, Pa. 
No. 42. Light Double Buggy or Carriage Ilar- 
m m. l’rloe complete wttli collars and nickel or 
Imitation rubber trimmings, $24.00. As good as 
sells for*6.00 to 18.00 more. 
34 Years Selling Direct 
Our vehicle* and harn©H8 have bunn *o1d direct 
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selling to the consumer exclusively. We make 
200 s vies or V'hides, 65 styles of Harness. 
Bund lor large, m o catalogue# 
Elkhart Carriage & n rness Mlg. Co., El! hart, Ind. 
No 309 Fine Canopy Top fturrev. Price rom- 
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No one else make* 
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“■sssS^Efnchor Fence 
FARM AND 
ORNAMENTAL 
Handsome, easy to build, alwav- 
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ANCHOR FENCE A MFC, CO. 
Cleveland, Ohio. 
-I — Combines strength and 
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^gOliard steel wires. Heavily 
galvanized. 
tltllfThfTl' 
IIIIIIHIHI 1 
JlllHlllll j * 
FENCE 
Strongost 
Made—** 
Made of High Carbon colled wire. Wo 
have no agonte- Boll direct to near at 
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Wo pay all freight. Catalog shows 37 
stylos and heights of farm and poultry 
fence. It’sfroe. Buy direct. W rite today 
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Box 2 ffi{ WINCHESTER, INDIANA 
with your money In 
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Absolutely no money 
or note required 
while you use the 
buggy 30 days. 
Write for catalog 
and selling plan. 
The 
ANDERTON 
Mia- to. 
19 Third Street, 
Cincinnati, Ohio- 
WITH GROOVED TIRES 
4 in. wide. The Groove protects 
the heads of spokes from wear, 
which makes wheel good and 
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make plain tire wheels in other 
widths. We make wheels to fit 
any thimble skein or straight 
steel axle. Getot.tr free catalog 
of Steel Wheels and Low Down 
Handy Wagons. 
HAVANA METAL WHEEL CO.. 
Box 17 Havana, Ill. 
There Is no uncer¬ 
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W e guarantee every rod 1 
It. You’ll find it the eheapoi 
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We algo sell High Carbon, Colled' 
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Freight pr®pald. tVrltu fur free catalogue. 
THE SUPERIOR FENCE CO.. Cleveland. Ohio 
r 
THE 
CYCLONE 
Catalogue, 32 pages, 
showing Ornamental 
Fences Gatos,Arches 
Vines, Trellis, Lawn 
Border, etc., will in¬ 
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Tl 
long 
nsed. 
FERTILIZER LIME, 
For prices, 
' etc., uddruss 
WALTON QUARRIES, Harrisburg;, Pa. 
...„ most satls- 
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^ FROST WIRE FENCE 
, (>wlng to It s weight and wearing 
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Wire Fence 90r 
48-in. stock fence per rod only ' 
Best high carbon colled steel spring wlr(v 
Catalog of fences, tools and suppl lew FREE, 
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MASON FENCE CO. Box 07, Lecsbiug, 0> 
FEKTOE 
«=< p* The life of a fence is no 
. „ _, . longer than the life of the 
^ F 3 smallest wires In It. Ru 1 
soon cats through small wire. 
There are no small wires in 
“EMPIRE." Every wire is 
of uniform size. The Knot, 
stays, laterals are 
ALL No. 9 HARD STEEL 
WIRE, heavily galvanized. Every rod is guaran¬ 
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less cost than any other fence. Write today for 
prices, also ask about, the "Bond Splice, the best 
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Address. BOND STEEL POST COMPANY. Adrian, Mich. 
T 
[HEAVIEST FENCE MADE 
\ jVll No* 0 Hied Wire. Well galvanized. Wvlghuf 
TU more than most fences. 15 (o li5o per rod j 
tdeltvered. Wo tend free Rumple for Inspec- 
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stylo*. The Brown Fence As Wire 
Co., Cleveluud, Ohio. 
