1907. 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
3o9 
SCOURS IN CALVES. 
Several calves have died from diarrhced 
and dysentery. The walls of the calf stables 
are covered with the excreta of the sick 
ones, and a well calf soon catches the disease. 
The stables are made of rough domestic 
lumber with dirt floors. How shall I thor¬ 
oughly disinfect these stables without tearing 
them out and building new? a. n. b. 
Connecticut. 
The questions concerning what causes 
scours in calves are not very well under¬ 
stood, and what knowledge we have on 
the subject is mainly from European 
sources. It seems pretty well established 
that there are two distinct types of diar¬ 
rhoea in calves, the first a non-infective 
kind, the result of bowel irritation or di¬ 
gestive disturbances due to a variety of 
causes, such as irregular or excessive feed¬ 
ing, dirty feed pails, sour or cold milk, 
or in a general way lack of skill and at¬ 
tention in caring for them. Of course, 
there are calves that seem to come into the 
world poor, weak things at best, and no 
amount of care will make them thrifty, 
while there are other vigorous youngsters 
which insist on thriving in spite of neglect. 
This kind of scours may occur at any time 
during the first few weeks of a calf’s life, 
and sometimes proves quickly fatal, but 
more commonly with a little attention re¬ 
covery takes place. Often the calf seems 
to feel pretty well, but looks unthrifty, re¬ 
fuses his milk at times, passes movements 
which are light yellow in color, thin, and 
yeasty or frothy, and maybe streaked with 
blood or mucus. These cases will com¬ 
monly recover if the milk is cut down to 
very moderate proportions, and that fed 
at frequent intervals warm and out of a 
clean pail. Medication may be of some 
help, and lime water mixed with his milk, 
or a dose of castor oil with a little lauda¬ 
num are among the very many remedies 
that are recommended. Probably we may 
say that this form of scours indicates a 
little carelessness on the part of the feeder 
rather than any specific disease. 
Rut there is a second and more to be 
dreaded form, where the calf begins to 
scour almost at birth, sometimes before it 
has even sucked. The calf refuses food, 
the eyes sink back in the head in a most 
peculiar and unmistakable fashion, the ex¬ 
tremities become cold, a semi-conscious 
condition comes on, and usually the calf 
dies within 48 hours. I remember one or 
two instances, however, where a calf ral¬ 
lied after he seemed at the very point of 
death. European bacteriologists say that 
in these cases a distinct bacterial form is 
found in the blood and mucus secretions, 
and the almost universally accepted theory 
is that this organism obtains entrance to 
the body through the fresh wound caused 
by the rupture of the umbilical cord. The 
proper treatment then is to dress the 
navel at birth with some disinfectant 
which shall destroy any germs present and 
prevent others getting a foothold there. 
These preparations have been used for this 
purpose: A five per cent solution of creo- 
lin, or the same of lysol; a mixture of one 
part tincture of iodine and two parts of 
glycerine; a one-to-100 solution of forma¬ 
lin. Dr. E. Von Behring, of anti-toxin 
fame, recommends that the calf be fed 
with milk containing 1-18,000 of commer¬ 
cial formalin, or say about (roughly 
speaking) 10 drops in three quarts of milk. 
He reports one case coming under his ob¬ 
servation in Austria where 18 calves had 
died in succession, and the adoption of 
this treatment resulted in the saving of 
every calf thereafter. This theory of in¬ 
fection and treatment seems perfectly rea¬ 
sonable and is almost universally accepted. 
Then, too, of course, we want disinfec¬ 
tion of pens and stables. But it must be 
remembered that to disinfect a cow stable 
thoroughly, with its rough surfaces, its lit¬ 
ter and its cracks in which germs are so 
easily sheltered, is a very difficult, if not 
an impossible thing to do. Perfect disin¬ 
fection is hardly attainable outside of the 
operating room of a modern hospital. 
However, much can be done. I would, on 
general principles, replace the present 
earthen floofs by good, smooth concrete. 
It will be more satisfactory in every way, 
outside of the question of disinfection. Dr. 
Wilson, bacteriologist and veterinarian of 
the New Jersey Station, says no better dis¬ 
infection of a barn is possible than first 
to scrape thoroughly and cleanse all soiled 
or manure-covered surfaces,'and then most 
liberally apply a boiling hot solution of 
creolin—say five per cent, depending fully 
as much upon the hot water as upon the 
germicide, and then all surfaces higher up 
may be painted with a heavy lime white¬ 
wash made of the same solution. This not 
only destroys germs, but it seals over 
those that may escape. It seems hardly 
necessary to say that the parturient cow 
should be liberally bedded with clean 
straw, and I would give at least a fair 
trial to the preventive method by binding 
a pad wet with a five per cent solution of 
creolin over the navel of the young calf, 
beginning at once, and keeping this pad 
renewed at least twice a day for three 
days. Let us just add this one observa¬ 
tion, that even bacterial troubles come and 
go again in a way that is not easy to ex¬ 
plain. VA.N WAGENEN. 
TWO POULTRY PROBLEMS. 
1. Our hens moulted last .Tune, and from 
then on (twice at least) until now and some 
not through yet. How can I guard against 
it this Summer? 2. I have 20 acres of land: 
the buildings to house 600 hens, fencing, 
six incubators, brooder houses to house 800 
chicks at one time, but with my land it is 
too much to see to, and I do not feel that 
I can hire a man to attend the poultry 
properly so thought best to offer an interest 
in the business to some young man to see 
to it. What would be the proper offer, sup¬ 
posing he took one meal per day here and 
slept at his own home? (Board runs about 
$10 per month here.) I now have 250 hens 
and 200 pullets and would want him to take 
hold about May 20. At the time I mean 
to sell off my hens, leaving pullets (200) 
and all the young chicks hatched by that 
time to see to. The young man is now get¬ 
ting $22 to $25 per month and board as a 
hired hand at a dairy. o. g. h. 
Nebraska. 
1. Hens moulting in June is a new one 
to me. A moult can be forced by check¬ 
ing the hens by starving them and then 
high feeding, and this may be the cause 
of this June moult. Avoid radical changes 
either in quality or quantity of feed. 2. 
The question of a fair offer in this case is 
a hard one, as it must be fair to both 
owner and worker. A good man should 
be able to clean up $1,000 on this plant, 
and this man is now getting $300 a year 
and his board. That would make a fair 
offer amount to one-half of the profit, the 
owner to furnish plant against the work¬ 
er’s labor. If the man has a "knack” with 
hens this should pay both well; if he has 
not that “knack” they will both wish to 
end the agreement at the end of the year. 
FLOYD Q. WHITE. 
REID'S MiU( 
Coolers 
Simplest and best, tliat money can 
buy. Easy lo clean. Guaranteed 
to give satisfaction or money 
refunded. We sell everything 
for the dairy and creamery. Get 
our free catalogue before you buy. 
A. H. REID CO., Philadelphia, Pa. 
IMPORTANCE OF BUYING 
CREAM SEPARATORS 
THROUGH LOCAL AGENTS. 
This heading voices a most important consideration in the 
purchase of a Cream Separator, and points a most serious 
objection to the purchase of such a machine by the “mail order” 
method, even if good separators were sold in that way. 
While the Cream Separator is a simple machine when once 
understood, it is nevertheless of the greatest possible importance 
that it be set up and started just right, and that the user have 
the brief personal use instruction necessary in its handling 
and operation. If not it may mean several years of difference 
in the life of the machine and a good many dollars of difference 
in the results from its use. 
Then, no matter how carefully used, things do happen even 
to the best of separators. It makes a lot of difference if you 
have a competent man near at hand to tell you just what is 
wrong and how to fix it. It makes even more difference to be 
able to get necessary repair parts right and quickly instead of 
having to send off to some distant concern for them which only 
sells machines somebody else makes and whose employees would 
not know a separator if they saw it and the parts for which are 
more likely to be wrong than right when you do finally get them. 
All this is the business of the local agent for DE LAVAL 
machines. It is just what he is expected to do for the users. 
Of course he makes a small commission out of it, but the user 
can mighty well afford to pay that commission and it would be 
a big mistake to try to save it even in the purchase of a good 
separator. It is still more so in the purchase of the kind which 
is sold in the “mail order” way. 
The buyer of a Cream Separator should never lose sight of 
the big DAILY difference in dollars-and-eents results between 
the good machine and the poor one. A DE LAVAL catalogue 
to be had for the asking helps to make plain these differences. 
The De Laval Separator Co. 
Randolph & Canal Streets 
CHICAGO 
1213 & 1215 Filbert Street 
PHILADELPHIA 
Drumm & Sacramento Sts. 
SAN FRANCISCO 
General Offices: 
74 Cortlandt St. 
NEW YORK. 
173-177 William Street 
MONTREAL 
14 & 16 Princess Street 
WINNIPEG 
107 First Street 
PORTLAND,OREG. 
Saw Mills 
There are some GOOD mills. 
There are some BETTER mills. 
There is only ONE BEST MILL 
I T IS THE AMERICAN. 
This Is true of our Edgers, Trimmers, Lath and Shingle Machines, Drag 
Saws, Band Saws, Planers and other wood working machinery—ask 
for our new handsome catalog and learn why. Price right too. 
AM EH. SAW MILL M1CUINEH1 CO. EV3Kir.7iX‘!2SSS , *£- 
K 
ELLY 
dvplex 
IGrindingMills 
THE only mill in the world made with a double set of grinders or burrs. Will 
„ , ernnd far corn, shelled corn, oats, rye, wheat, barley, Kaffir corn, cotton 
sejM, corn in shucks, sheaf oats, or any kind of grain, coarse,medium or fine. 
ihe Kelly has a grinding surface just double that of any other mill of 
6Qual size, and can, therefore, do twice as ^— 
much work with less power, as it is the 
EASIEST RUNNING 
mill made. Simple in construction, easily 
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pPPP A copy of Farmer’s Guide, the most useful 
Book of Records, Recipes and General Inform¬ 
ation, will be mailed upon request to any first class farmer 
or Stock grower, if you menition the RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
THE 0. S. KELLY COMPANY,157 Limestone St., SPRINGFIELD, OHIO 
A Common-Sense Talk On 
Manure Spreaders 
T HERE’S no doubt that the right kind 
of manure spreader is a good tiling for 
you to have. It is probably true that 
there is no other farm machine that, if right- are strong and simple. The frame is care- 
IV chosen. IS as va lllflh tli** farmor Tf _ l ... II «« , . r 
I. H. C. Corn King and 
Cloverleaf Spreaders 
, . . . : . .., “ “b 111 aic &uuiig cinu simpie. 1 ne irame is care- —^ 
ly chosen, is as valuable to the farmer. If fully-selected, well-seasoned lumber and is 
manure is spread properly and at the right strengthened by heavy cross sillsand truss P- roper spreading The teeth on the vibra- 
time, its money value far exceeds what you're rods.They have steel wheel! with daggered ‘ C d m J >lac . e M c ° ile d steel 
a Pt t° think. spokes, and both hind wheels have clutches ® p . rin | a s ° tlie y nev er break but adjust them- 
But when you buy a manure spreader have The box is made of selected stock and is se A Ve !l t0 * ie s,iCe . of the load, 
a care. There are many of them on the securely fastened to the frame byheavy steel t>1 And aS , a TG - * sim A ple construction, 
market, and many with various "special cleats. Corners are re-enforced with stee *, h °P eratlon is simple. Any one who can 
features"-fancy affairs that do them more plates. Everything is of the verv best dr,ve a wagon can operate an I. H. C. 
harm than good. y Both of the rear wheels are Hrivers spreader, for one lever does it all. There 
When you buy a spreader look out for insure plenty of power. A large sprocket f re , ten feeds ’ ra "f n & fr om ten to thirty 
these things—and avoid them. What is with heavy chain drive transmits the cower lo ads per acre. T >e apron stops of its own 
chiefly to be desired is strength and simplicity to the cylinder. The cylinder is large and accord w j\ en . the !° ad 1S a11 f jr d out - B V 
of construction. strone and the smnrptpptli ipvtra => ra rever smg the lever it returns and again stops 
Strength is essential because a manure inade^of the besAighcVrboi steel. g when back in position. No need to watch 
spreader has to cai ry a heavy load and the The power for driving the apron is aDDlied 1 n-i a , , 
rear end—the machine end—has hard work on both sides, giving an even movement and ^ h iT B . are t ? ome of the reasons why you 
to do. _ making binding 8 impossible. The rXrsare ft° uld , in ? estiga j e I- H- C. Corn King and 
Simplicity of construction lessens the attached to the under side of the slats in- Cloverleaf spreadersbeforeyoubuy. There 
chance of the machine getting out of order stead of to the frame are mai ** ot,ier good points about them that 
and gives light draft. You know there are a The vibrating rake is a most imDortant f re explained in our catalogues. There are 
good many manure spreaders that don’t get feature, and is found only on CornKing and W °i ! unds —Cloverleaf, an Endless Apron 
out of the shed after the first year. They Cloverleaf spreaders. It'levels the load and mac ?! ne> and Cor " King a Return Apron 
make too much trouble and cause too much bri ngs the manure squarely upto thecyllnder machine: each made in three size *- 
a thing which is absolutely essential to Call on the Local Agent or write lor catalogues. 
INTERNATIONAL HARVESTOR COMPANY OF AMERICA, Chicago, U. S. A. 
(INCOKPOKATED) ** ’ 
