324 
T1IE RURAL NEW-YORKER- 
April 13, 
NOTES FROM THE RURAL GROUNDS 
The Carnegie Orange. —In The R. 
N.-Y. for January 20, 1906, Prof. Van 
Deman gave the first authentic account 
of the Carnegie orange, a promising 
hybrid of the hardy Citrus trifoliata, 
raised by Mr. J. L. Normand, Marksville, 
La. Fig. 140, first page, somewhat re¬ 
duced in size, shows a cluster of this 
very interesting fruit just as borne on 
the tree. Though shriveled when re¬ 
ceived, having been cut for exhibition 
several weeks before, the oranges were 
still juicy and of pleasant, refreshing 
flavor; far better in quality than many 
commercial kinds found in our markets. 
The color is a good clear yellow, rind 
thin and seeds numerous, though not 
large. Mr. Normand says his trees have 
repeatedly endured temperatures as low 
as 10 above zero without harm, thus 
showing they have inherited much of 
the hardiness of the Trifoliata as well 
as the good quality of the tender Medi¬ 
terranean parent. Mr. Normand has 
other hybrids still more hopeful. The 
Washington Department of Agriculture 
describes in their Yearbook for 1905 a 
new Trifoliata orange hybrid nearly four 
inches in diameter, under the name of 
Morton Citrange, of agreeable quality, 
sweeter than the Rusk and W iHits varie¬ 
ties previously described. I his variety has 
endured the temperature of 18 degrees 
above zero without noticeable harm. Mr. 
C. Marti, Houston, Texas, is also, we 
believe, following up his successful, work 
of breeding Trifoliata with Mandarin and 
other sweet oranges, having produced 
varieties of excellent quality that en¬ 
dured without harm cold as severe as 
two degrees above zero. With these ex¬ 
perienced breeders in the field as well as 
amateurs not yet announced, there is 
good hope of securing useful orange va¬ 
rieties that may be grown successfully 
far north of the present Citrus fruit 
limits. 
Trifoliata Is Hardy. —One of the 
hardiest exotic trees on the Rural Grounds 
is Citrus trifoliata, the deciduous-leaved 
orange above mentioned as a parent of 
the new race. We have two trees 12 
years old from seeds. One stands in 
good soil in a protected situation, shel¬ 
tered on the north and west by buildings 
and evergreens, but crowded by tall-grow¬ 
ing shrubs. It is about 10 feet high, and 
has blossomed and fruited profusely for 
several years. 1 he other is on a bleak 
slope, in poor soil and is not favored by 
the slightest protection. Neither has ever 
lost a twig by frost, though we frequently 
have temperatures at and below zero dur¬ 
ing Winter. Cherry and European chest¬ 
nut trees established eight years were 
killed by the severe cold and wild storms 
of the Winter of 1903-4, yet these tough 
little Oriental orange trees suffered no 
harm. The exposed tree forms a dense 
thorny shrub six feet high, bearing a few 
blossoms and fruits each season. . 1 he 
dark green thorny twigs are distinctly 
decorative in Winter, while the foliage 
turns lively yellow before dropping in 
October. The white blooms are rather 
flimsy, but are otherwise of the true 
orange character and fragrance. 1 he 
small, yellow, seedy oranges hang on un¬ 
til freezing. A fair lemonade can be 
made of them but otherwise they are use¬ 
less, the rind having the intense bitter 
flavor of Seville oranges. This hardy 
orange was quite extensively tried for 
hedges in this vicinity 10 or more years 
ago, but found too slow in growth and 
likely to winter-kill before becoming es¬ 
tablished to find favor. There is no doubt 
of its hardiness when thoroughly estab¬ 
lished hereabouts, but it is understand 
that this is nearly the northern limit of 
reliability under ordinary conditions. 
While only worth growing as a curiosity 
in the North the hardy orange, is of the 
greatest prospective value to Citrus fruit 
breeders, as has frequently been men¬ 
tioned, and furnishes a most valuable 
stock for dwarfing and rendering hardier 
almost all lemon, lime and orange vari¬ 
eties. 
Planting the New Grape.—T he 
Brown’s Seedling grape is now being dis¬ 
tributed to R. N.-Y. subscribers, a pro¬ 
portion of whom are naturally not accus¬ 
tomed to caring for young vines. When 
received the packing should at once be 
removed and the roots, if at all drv, 
moistened with tepid water. lhe plant 
may then be ’"heeled in or covered, in 
the garden, with moist earth up to the top¬ 
most bud, or laid on a cool moist cellar 
bottom and covered with damp moss or 
earth until ready for planting. Brown’s 
Seedling is an exceptionally hardy grape, 
being as far as known a pure descendent 
of Isabella. Little consideration may be 
given the question of injury by frost ex¬ 
cept in the most northern regions,, but a 
sunny and airy situation should, if pos¬ 
sible be chosen that the foliage may be 
kept healthy and the fruits ripen early 
and perfectly. It is one of the earliest 
and most vigorous of all grapes, and 
may be safely planted where the grow¬ 
ing season is quite short. If to be 
trained against a building a southern or 
western exposure is best, as the greatest 
amount of warm sunlight is thus secured. 
No grape should be expected to thrive 
against a north wall, and an exposure 
limited to the east is not much better, for 
though the foliage is quickly dried by the 
morning sun the afternoon shade does 
not tend to good development of the 
grapes. Do not plan to train to a single 
stake or post. Free-growing native grapes 
seldom produce well when thus confined 
Give the new kind at least six or eight 
feet of trellis room not less than five 
feet high in a well-drained sunny place 
or train it on a high wall. '1 he trellis, 
however, will not be needed for a year 
or two after planting, a single stake af¬ 
fording the needed support for the time 
being. When ready to plant, unless the 
soil is exceptionally rich, dig out a good- 
sized hole, two or more feet across and 
18 inches deep and fill it with a com¬ 
post of one part fine old manure to two 
parts good garden soil, well mixed to¬ 
gether. If any old bones, are at hand 
they may well be placed in the bottom 
of the hole, where they will assist drain¬ 
age and as they decay give good account 
of themselves in promoting fruitfulness, 
the grape being is a great lover of phos¬ 
phorus and lime. The root ends may 
be freshened with a sharp knife and the 
grape planted, taking care to dispose the 
roots in a natural position with the outer 
ends lowest, and to pack and firm the 
earth well about and over them. The plant 
may be set a trifle lower in the earth 
than it grew before, endeavoring to have 
a plump bud come just at the surface 
of the soil. When the bud starts to 
grow the surplus vine above should be 
cut off and the tender shoot guarded in 
some manner until it can be tied to the 
stake or trellis, to which it should care¬ 
fully be seemed as growth progresses 
throughout the season.. Not more than 
two buds should be allowed to start 
under any consideration and in the long 
run it will usually be best to confine the 
first and second year’s growth to a single 
cane, which should always be kept tied 
up, as the plant will tliriye far better than 
if allowed to sprawl while young. 
Give the Plant a Good Start. —The 
object of feeding the plants so well at 
the beginning is to encourage rapid 
growth. To have grapes we must first 
get a strong vine, and a season or two 
may be saved by giving the young plant 
rich soil to grow in. The writer is aware 
that much has been published against the 
over-fertilizing of native grapes. 1 he 
theory, and at- times the experience, is 
that bearing grapes too strongly stimu¬ 
lated with nitrogenous manures are likely 
to “run all to vine” at the expense of 
the crop. While this is less common than 
supposed, it in a measure holds true. 
When cropping begins relatively large 
amounts of potash, and phosphoric acid 
are needed, and the nitrogen may be 
lessened, but trials show a distinct ad¬ 
vantage in liberally feeding the newly 
planted vines with animal manure or 
other highly nitrogenous material to build 
up rapidly a strong framework of vine 
and an extensive root system.. A barrow¬ 
load or even a cartload of rich compost 
will be pretty well exhausted before bear¬ 
ing begins, and the after-fertilization may 
be conducted from the surface according 
to the needs of the plant. We would 
like to give a photograph or drawing of 
a properly trained grape vine, but train¬ 
ing systems vary so widely and the us¬ 
ual neat diagram is so utterly at variance 
with the actual appearance of the vine 
that we fear at this time it would prove 
misleading. We hope to call attention to 
the matter and illustrate from time, to 
time the progress of one of these vines 
under normal treatment. w. v. f. 
When you write advertisers mention The 
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and 
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 14. 
S AVE YOUR BACK 
Save time, horses, work 
I and money by using an 
Electric Handy Wagon 
Low wheels, broad tires. No 
living man can build a better. 
Book on “WheelSense”free. 
Electric Wheg*Co.Bi 88, Quincy,111. 
mum 
Riding Cultivators 
The great adjustability of these light, 
strong tools make them valuable to all 
farmers from the corn grower to the 
market gardener. 
Adapted for cultivating a large variety 
of crops—young or matured in any 
kind of soil,and adjusted for rows of 
elillcrent wid.h, without reducing the 
number of teeth. 
Our new 1907 Iron Ace Book 
describes the complete line of Iron Age 
Horse Hoes. Wheel Hoes. Seed Drills, 
Sprayers, Potato Planters, Diggers, 
etc. Write for it— free* 
Bateman Mfg. Co. 
BOX 10SN 
3Grenloch,N.J. 
No. 6o 
Iron Age 
Pivot 
Wheel 
Cultivator 
V - 
Boy 
Gan Work It 
Accurate, thorough cultivation with the 
Kraus Divot-Axle bulky Cultivator is only a 
matter of steering ; not of work. Instead of 
pulling and pushing the entire gang of shovels 
from side to side as with the ordinary cultiva¬ 
tor the Kraus is steered by the slightest touch 
of the foot, wheels and shovels moving side- 
wise simultaneously. p|ygj 
SULKY 
CULTIVATOR 
Perfect for hillsides or 
crooked rows. Instantly 
adjustable for width of 
row and depth and ancle 
of shovel. High wheeled, 
light draft,and perfectly 
balanced. 
If your dealer doesn’t 
handle the Kraus, don’t 
accept a subst itute, write 
us. Catalogue free. 
AKRON CULTIVATOR CO, 
DEPT. 13 AKRON. OHIO. 
*'s UL ^ : 
t h*dl wa plt ' 
Meeker 
Disc Smoothing Harrow 
Onion Seed Drills, and Wheel Hoes 
Southport Globe Onion Seed 
Send for Catalogue and Prices. 
THE C. 0. JELLIFF MFG. C0RP., 
Southport, Connecticut 
KJ BTlUiPlJJO. 20th 
nHlll*ri d Century 
Steel Ball Goupling Pivot Axle 
Cultivator row D c°o b rn 
Planter and Fertilizer 
Attach Complete in 
One Machine. 
Awarded 
COLD MEDAL 
at World’s Lair, St. 
Louis. A woiiderful- 
iinproveiuent in culti¬ 
vators, combining every 
^possible movement ci 
gangs and wheels re¬ 
quired. Easily changed 
” •’to different 6tylee 
Thousands in use. M’f’r'sof all kind of Ag’r’l 1 
plements. Agents wanted; write for circular. 
The Hench & Dromgold Co., Mfrs., York " 
6tyles. 
:’r’i Im- 
ilar. 
k. Pa. J 
SPRAYING 
FRUIT TREES 
is no longer an experiment, 
but a necessity. Prevents 
wormy fruit by destroy¬ 
ing all insect pests 
and fungus diseases. 
Every farmer, gar¬ 
dener,frui t or flower 
grower should write 
for my free cata¬ 
logue, describing 21 
styles of Spraying 
Outfits, and contain¬ 
ing a full treatise on 
spraying fruit and vege¬ 
table crops, and much 
__ valuable information. 
WM. STAHL SPRAYER CO., Box 70 LQuincy, III. 
I 
— 
No Money in Advance—pay when 
\convenient. The “FITZ-ALL” fits- 
lon-any-barrel or tank. Sprays nil so 
llutions. Proven best and mostdnr- 
lnble. Guaranteed Five Years. 
I lira ns Ball Valves Cylinder. Plunger , 
| "tc.Strainer Cleaner and3 Agitators. 
I >00 lb. pressure. A boy can operate it 
1 After trial if you keep it—pay when 
I von can. Wholesale price where no 
I a pent— Agents Wanted. Special 
j Fre* Offer for first in each locality. ‘‘Spray- 
ling Guide*' and full information FRKF,. 
Sh.L.H urst Mfg.Co., g North St.,Canton,0- 
The Perfection Sprayer 
combine* hand and horse power, and has both cart and barrel, 
11*s simple, reliable, practicable and durable. Sprays everything 
trees, potatoes, vines. Catalogue telling how to spray and con 
tainlng valuable formulas, FRKJJ. 
THOMAS PEPPLER, Box 70, Hlghtstown, N. J. 
VALUABLE BOOK FREE . 
In connection with our Hi-Grade Brand of Pure 
Paris Green we have issued a new booklet on Insecti¬ 
cides, containing many useful hints to the farmer, 
truck grower and gardener. It is authoritative and 
up-to-date. Better send for a copy to-da.v. It costs 
nothing and will tell you all you want to know about, 
fighting insect pests. MORRIS HERRMANN & 
CO., GO William Street, New York City. 
Tree Ills Cured—, 
” The Good’s Caustic Potash Whale-Oil 
Soap 1 used on my orchard and garden last 
year gave me great satisfaction. San Jose 
Scale, apple tree scab, peach curl and rot. 
have all yielded to the-treatment.” 
L. W. M., Kensington, Maryland. 
Good’s Ca v&e-oii sh Soap No * 3 
Write for Manual of Plant Diseases, free. 
James Good, Sl/fp'ront SlI Philadelphia. 
Increase Crops in Orchard and Field with 
THE AUTO-SPRAY 
It is guaranteed to be the most power¬ 
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sprayer made. With it a boy outworks 
three men with ordinary device. Used 
by U. S. Government and State Experi¬ 
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Pop Nozzle itis equal to large opera¬ 
tions as well as small. Writeifyou want 
agency. Spraying Calendar Free. 
E. C.Brown Co., st. Rochester, N.T, 
GET THE BEST 
A Good Spray Pump earns big 
profits and lasts for years. 
THE ECLIPSE 
is a good pump. As 
practical fruit growers 
we were using common 
sprayers in our own orchards 
-—found their defects and 
invented the Eclipse. Its 
success forced us to manu¬ 
facturing on a large scale. 
You take no chances. We 
have done all the experi¬ 
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Treatise on spraying FREE. 
MORRILL & MORLEY. Benton Harbor, Micb. 
i 
THE DEYO 
Power Sprayer 
Mounted complete with mechanical agitator. 
Better than ever. New air-cooled engine. Other 
new features, all important to the man who 
sprays. Write for new catalogue 19—just out. 
R. H. DEYO C$ CO., 
BINGHAMTON, - NEW YORK 
Use Fairmount Brand 
Concentrated Bordeaux Mixture 
To one gallon add 49 gallons of water 
and it is ready for use. Only makers 
Fairmount Chemical Laboratory, 
N. W. Corner Broad St. and Fairmount Ave., 
Philadelphia. Pa._ 
PRATT’S 
66 
SCALECIDE 
99 Soluble 
Petroleum 
WILL POSITIVELY DESTROY 
SAN JOSE, COTTONY MAPLE SCALE, PEAR PSYLLA, ETC. 
Without Injury to the Trees. Samples, Prices and Endorsement of Experiment Station s on A pplicat ion . 
33 . Gr. PRATT CO., Dept. A, 11 Broadway, NEW YOR.K OITY 
