MO?. 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
327 
SOILING FOIl A SMALL DAIRY. 
I am a tracker and dairyman combined; 
my wife and I work alone. I have a 
farm of 26 acres, 12 arable land, the rest 
comprises chestnut timber, cedar and wal¬ 
nut. I have six cows, two horses, four 
acres in truck. I use the soiling sys¬ 
tem, having no silo; two acres in field 
corn to mature, three acres in oats, two 
acres to mature. When I sow oats, 2 J /2 
bushels to acre, I sow one-half bushel 
clover seed to acre also, that being all 
drill will put on. When I cut oats last 
year clover was knee high, oats chin 
high. The other acre, cut for hay, is 
sown to rye; the wheat stubble manured, 
10 two-horse loads to acre, plowed, har¬ 
rowed and 600 pounds high-grade fertil¬ 
izer, analyzing 3-8-10, run on to acre. 1 
finished planting July 14, worked twice, 
September 14 finished cutting, was 11 
feet high from brace root to end of blos¬ 
som ; corn in milk was hauled from field 
and stacked as cut; ground manured., 
plowed and seeded to wheat again, and is 
now top-dressed with a heavy coat of 
manure again. That is my style of farm¬ 
ing. I buy all my concentrated feed, such 
as distiller’s grains, gluten, cotton-seed, 
six tons a season, and I think it pays. I 
ship milk to creamery; test 4.20 average. 
Douglasville, Pa. R. d. h. 
ANOTHER COUGHING COW . 
In your reply to M. P., “A Cow with a 
Cough,’ page 239, I wish you would be more 
explicit as I have a cow with a cough, and 
she has it badly. She is 11 or 12 years old. 
I have had her about six months and she 
bad the cough when I bought her, but I did 
not know it, as she did not happen to cough 
when I went to look at her. She is thin in 
flesh, but not on account of lacking good 
care since I have had her. I have her in 
a good stall, give her two measures of bran, 
one of shorts and one of cornmeal twice a 
day; a handful of oil meal every other day; 
good hay at night and bright fodder; in 
the lot every day except stormy days. In 
reply to M. P., you say, “if tuberculosis 
bacilli are hanging round.” Now, what is 
that? Is it anything a man could hang his 
hat on? How or what is the test to know 
for sure if a cow has tuberculosis? This cow 
gives about eight quarts of milk a day and 
seems to be all right. j. p. d. 
Centralia, Kan. 
In discussing this question of tubercu 
losis, we must, to begin with, remember 
one thing—viz., that a cow may cough 
badly owing to some chronic lung or 
throat irritation like bronchitis and yet 
be free of tuberculosis and, on the other 
hand, she may have tuberculosis and yet 
give no indication of it by coughing. The 
lungs are only one of many organs that 
may be affected in the cow. In the hu 
man race, among adults at least, tubercu¬ 
losis most commonly manifests itself in 
the lungs. Still, if a cow coughs per¬ 
sistently, especially if it is associated with 
lack of thrift and poor condition, it is 
to say the least a suspicious circumstance. 
There is, however, only one sure method 
of finding out if the cow has the disease, 
and that is by the well-known “tubercu¬ 
lin test.” If this test is used with all 
due care by a skilled man, it certainly 
does detect the disease almost without 
fail even in the earliest stages. A physi¬ 
cal examination usually reveals the dis¬ 
ease only when it is so far advanced that 
the health and vigor of the cow begin to 
decline. 
What is tuberculosis and why does it 
occur? Some have had occasion to know 
it only too well and sadly as consump¬ 
tion. Just how much danger or possi¬ 
bility there may be of the transmission 
of this disease from the cow to man is 
rot known. It is a much debated point 
on which wise scientists differ widely. But 
we do know this much—that consumption 
or tuberculosis in man or animals is 
caused by very tiny, rod-shaped plants— 
bacilli—we call them. These are mar¬ 
velously small—smaller than anything we 
can well conceive of. To see them at all 
requires a microscope which will mag¬ 
nify them to several hundred times their 
real size, and even then we can see them 
only when stained or dyed some color dif¬ 
ferent from their surroundings. Yet they 
.are true plants— plants, however, that find 
their most favorable field for growth in 
the tissues of a living animal. When 
they find favorable conditions, as for ex¬ 
ample, in the lungs of a cow, they repro¬ 
duce themselves in vast numbers and are 
thrown off by millions in the matter 
coughed up, and if these little plants or 
germs find lodgment in the lungs of a de¬ 
bilitated cow, the same processes of re¬ 
production and spreading begin there. 
In other wordsjt is a contagious disease 
transmitted by the germs from one dis¬ 
eased animal by being carried into the 
body of another. Not every cow—or 
man—who has a slight attack of tuber 
culosis falls a victim to the disease. Very 
often nature steps in, checks the growth 
of the parasite, heals over the sores 
formed, and the patient suffers no further 
harm. 
One thing let us remember regarding 
tuberculosis—both for the safety of our¬ 
selves and of our cows, and that is this: 
that the germs of disease seem best able 
to establish themselves and grow in the 
bodies of animals—or men—whose vital¬ 
ity has been lowered for one reason or 
another. We cannot hope always to 
avoid breathing dust-laden air which may 
carry the germs of consumption, but this 
has little real terror to the men or women 
of abundant vigor and vital force. The 
same is largely true of cows. You may 
never be able to see the bacilli of tuber¬ 
culosis, which is the real cause of the 
disease, but you may with all confidence 
“hang your hat” upon the foregoing facts, 
which are as well established as most of 
the principles that go to make up agri¬ 
cultural science. If your cow is thin in 
flesh and has a cough, she should be ex¬ 
amined by a competent veterinarian and 
better, given the tuberculin test. Of this 
we may be sure, that a cow in the ad¬ 
vanced stages of the disease is a menace 
to the herd, and manv investigators fear 
to the baby of the household as well. 
Surely, the life of one little child is worth 
the life of a thousand cows. 
JARED VAN WAGENEN, JR. 
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THERE THEY GO! 
Suppose that every year from five to twenty good 
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