1907. 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
371 
# 
ANOTHER SHEEP TALK. 
I want to build a shed in which to stable 
my sheep. How much floor space should be 
allowed for each sheep? How much space 
at feeding rack? Would six-foot posts be 
sufficient in height? If fronting south would 
muslin curtains be a good protection? In a 
cement stable for cows and horses, how wide 
should the stalls be? e. h. 
Westminster, Mass. 
From 20 to 25 feet of floor space is 
sufficient for a sheep, depending on the 
size. The Merino type will stand closer 
crowding than the English mutton breeds. 
I find a pen 40 by 30 feet ample for 50 
breeding ewes, weighing from 120 to 150 
pounds each. Six-foot posts would be 
hardly high enough. That would just 
allow a man of my height to stand erect 
when there was no litter on the floor. 
Where lambs are expected to be dropped 
in the pen, it is better to leave all the ac¬ 
cumulation of the Winter in the pen 
under the sheep. This has some warmth 
in it. If the lambs are dropped on the 
ground, they are much more likely to be 
chilled. I would have the posts high 
enough so as to afford eight feet in the 
clear. This will allow of a foot and a 
half at least of material on the floor by 
Spring, and a tall man caring for the 
sheep will not bump his head. A rack 12 
feet long will accommodate 10 sheep, but 
that is the limit. It is bad for breeding 
ewes to crowd coming up to the racks or 
mangers. 
I have never tried muslin curtains for 
a sheep shed, but from the satisfaction 
I know they give in the henhouses after 
our second Winter’s experience, I should 
not hesitate to try them. In spite of 
many days below zero again this Winter 
my son has not had a frosted comb, his 
hens have laid all Winter, and though 
they have not been out of the houses till 
this week, his eggs are hatching finely. 
Again, several who have tried the muslin 
windows for a cow stable, speak highly 
of them. Sheep do not need so warm a 
pen as cattle, but one that is dry and well 
ventilated. Tho muslin gives both. 
There should be no difference in the 
width of stalls, no matter what the mate¬ 
rial. Three and a half feet is the usual 
width for cows of ordinary size; from 
four to five feet for horses. For the lat¬ 
ter I like a wide stall, as there is less 
danger of their knocking themselves in 
getting up. It also affords plenty of 
room for cleaning or harnessing when 
this is done in the stall. 
EDWARD VAN ALSTYNE. 
BUTTER FAT AND BUTTER. 
What price per quart Is producer getting 
for milk when the butter sells for 25 cents 
per pound? The milk tests butter fat four 
per cent, five per cent and 4.4 per cent. What 
has been the average wholesale price in New 
York City for extra creamery butter during 
the past year, ending February 1, 1907? 
p. m. c. 
This is a question that cannot be an¬ 
swered in simply so many figures. The 
amount (pounds) of butter that may be 
made from a given quantity of milk de¬ 
pends not only upon the per cent of fat it 
contains, but upon several other factors as 
well, such as the completeness of separa¬ 
tion, the amount of fat lost in the butter¬ 
milk, the amount of water incorporated in 
the butter and the proportion of salt re¬ 
tained—and these factors arc all quite 
variable. A hundred pounds of butter of 
average good grade will contain, say: 83 
to 85 pounds of fat; 15 to II pounds of 
water; two to four pounds of salt; and 
of course very small amounts of casein 
and other materials which may be deemed 
unavoidable impurities. Thus it is that 
a hundred pounds of butter fat will, if 
skillfully handled, produce considerably 
more than a hundred pounds of butter, 
the amount of this “overrun” or “above 
test” depending upon several variable con¬ 
ditions as outlined above. The gld meth¬ 
od, now fortunately almost out of date, 
of testing a cow by churning her cream 
was about as much a test of the butter- 
maker as it was of the cow. It is a com¬ 
mon and fairly correct plan to assume 
that butter is 85 per cent fat, and then the 
theoretical amount of butter is ascer¬ 
tained by dividing the pounds of fat 
shown by the test by .85 (85-100), or an¬ 
other way which is perfectly simple and 
easy to remember, is to add one-sixth to 
the weight of the Jat and call that the 
butter. These results are full high in 
ordinary practice, and leave no room for 
incomplete separation or faulty churning. 
It is easv to conduct butter making so 
carelessly that the pounds of butter will 
hardly exceed the pound of fat. If the 
milk tests four per cent fat, then 100 
pounds of four-per-cent milk equal 4.00 
pounds of fat -4- .85 = 4.71 pounds of 
butter; 4.71 pounds of butter at 25 cents 
per pound = $1,177, value of 100 pounds 
of four-per-cent milk. A quart of milk 
weighs 2.15 pounds, therefore a hundred 
pounds of milk equals 46.5 quarts, and 
$1,177 -4- 46.5 = 2.53 cents per quart. By 
precisely the same line of calculation, we 
find that five-per-cent milk will be worth 
3.16 cents per quart and 4.4-pcr-cent milk 
will be worth 2.78 cents. It mu.st not 
be forgotten, however, that these are 
merely gross results, and that under fa¬ 
vorable conditions it will cost three cents 
per pound to manufacture and sell this 
butter. Tables have been prepared show¬ 
ing the number of pounds of butter that 
may be expected from a hundred pounds 
of milk of any given richness. 
In regard to the second part of the 
question, the price paid on the floor of 
the New York Mercantile Exchange for 
“fresh extra creamery” has, during the 
year ending February 1, 1907, averaged 
25.34 cents per pound, the highest price 
during that period being 32 cents, reached 
in December and again in January just 
passed, while the lovycst price of the year, 
19J4 cents, was in May and again in June 
last year. These may be regarded as the 
“official” quotations for large lots, but 
it is only fair to say that a considerable 
proportion of the regular receipts of fine 
butter sell at figures somewhat higher 
than these. Selling butter, like everything 
else, is largely a matter of “private 
treaty.” jared van wagenen, jr. 
When you write advertisers meulion The 
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and 
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8. 
Three Htamlard books written, printed and 
pubUMheti by the United 8tate« Government. 
FOR FARMERS 
_ AND 
STOCK RAISERS 
Diseases of the Horse. 
COO PAGES (Cloth) 
TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
Tho examination of a sick horse—Methods of administering 
medicines—Diseases of the digestive organs—Diseases of the 
urinary organs—Diseases of the respirutory organs—Diseases 
of the generative organs—Diseases of the nervous system— 
Diseases of the heart, blood vessels, and lymphatics—Diseases 
of the Eye—Lameness—Diseases of the fetlock, ankle, and 
foot—Diseases of the skin—Wounds and their treatment— 
General Diseases—Surra 
Fully illustrated with 47 full page engravings and 12 colored 
charts. Mailed to any address on receipt of price. 
Price 65 cents. 
Special Report of the Sheep Indus¬ 
try of the United States. 
Prepared under direction of Chief oi V. a 
Bu JS. a ,V. of A n, . mttl Industry. (Cloth) XOOO pag- 
es, 96 illustrations. 
TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
The Sheep Industry in States East of the Mississippi River. 
The Wild Sheep of America, and earliest introduction of Do¬ 
mesticated Breeds—The Household Woolen Industry, 1607-1804 
—Introduction of the Spanish Merino Sheep—The Dissemina- 
tion of the Spanish Merino throughout New England—Progress 
ofthefine-woolindustryand its decline—Introduction of the 
Finc-Wooled Sheep into the Middle and South Atlantic sea- 
board States, and the subsequent progress of Sheep Ilusban- 
dry—Ihe Sheep Husbandry of Western Pennsylvania and the 
I an-IIandle ot West V irginia—The Sheep Husbandry of Ohio 
Indiana, Illinois, Michigan and Wisconsin—The Sheep Hus- 
bandry of Kentucky, Tennessee, Mississippi, Alabama, and 
Florida—( ondition of the Sheep Industry West of the Missis?, 
ippi River—The Sheep Industry in Montana and North and 
*Y i t£ , ! Kot ,?“" Tho S,,PC P Industry j n Wyoming, Colorado, and 
Ltali— I be Sheep Industry in Minnesota, Iowa, Nebraska, Mis. 
eotiri, and Kansas- Tho Sheep Industry in Arkansas, Texas. 
New Mexico and Arizona—The Sheep Industry in California. 
Oregon, and Washington. 
Price $1.40. 
Special Report on Diseases of Cat¬ 
tle and Cattle Feeding. 
pages by ° rder of Congress. (Cloth) 490 
TABLE OF CONTF.NTS. 
Administration of Mcdiclw-s—Diseases of tho DIgostivo Or- 
£“ n Vf, oiMone “ n<1 Pohonlng—Disease, of tho Heart and 
Blood-\ ossols—Non-contagious Disease, of tho O rim ns of 
Respiration—Diseases of tho Nervous System—Diseases of tho 
Ur nary Organs-Diseases of tho Generative Organs-Dlseases 
following Parturition—Diseases of Young Calves—Bone-Dis- 
eases and Accidents—Surgical Operations—Tumors—Diseases 
oi the Skin—Diseases of the Foot—Diseases of the Eyo and its 
Appendages—Diseases of the Ear-Infectious Diseases ot Cattle 
— The Feeding and Management of Cattle. 
Fully Illustrated with 44 full page engravings 
and 1.1 colored charts. Frlee 05 cents. 
. ‘J™ standard works ure published by the 
«8ed?or V s e ale“ entandf0rtlle flr8t t,me adver- 
a J .?Wch these books are offered 
ar ? last what they cost the Government to 
print. They will be mailed prepaid to any ad- 
v>i?m r 'i ?t ate s, Hawaiian Islands, 
1 hlllpplues and Porto Rico on receipt of price. 
u/am 1 ” 1 by Post Office Money Order, Postage 
stamps and personal cheeks will not be accepted. 
spechdfnbjVcte. 8t ° f GOVernment b °° k8 ou 
piirehascr? U ' aU ° ne ° f each book to one 
nwisiJV. 88 fauertiitendent Q f Documents, Sub 
WashTngton 1 ,l,?cr CrmUent Prtotln * 
Driver 
or Worker 
To do his best, a horse 
needs the whole food value 
of his ration. To produce 
flesh and milk this Is also 
true. In c, heavy fed ani¬ 
mal only about half of the 
food Is usually digested, In 
an unthrifty animal It Is 
less. i._ 
Dr. Hess Stock Food the (s' 
prescription of Dr. Hess I 
(M.D., D. V. S.) increases 
the powers of digestion 
and assimilation and 
makes every pound of grain yield a 
larger amount of profit than is pos¬ 
sible without it, besides curing the 
minor stock ailments. When we re¬ 
member it is not the food consumed but 
thefood digested that produces the profit, 
we comprehend tho necessity for tonics. 
Professors Quitman, Winslow, Finlay Dun 
and all the leading medical authorities 
recommend the bitter tonics In 
dbhess 
STOCK F25D 
for improving digestion, iron for the blood, 
nitrates for expolling poisonous material 
from the system and besides it is 
Sold on a Written Guarantee, 
100 lbs. 
$5.00) 
25 lb. Pall. $1.60r 
Smaller quantities at a ' 
slight advance. 
Where Dr. Hess Stock Food differs in par¬ 
ticular is in the do»e—it’s small and fed but 
twice a day. which proves it has the most diges¬ 
tive strength to the pound. Onr Government 
recognizes I)r. Hess Stock Food as a medicinal 
tonic and this paper is back of the guarantee. 
If your dealer cannot snpply you, we will. 
DR. HESS &. CLARK, Ashland, Ohio. 
Also Manufacturers of Dr. Hess Poultry 
Pan-a-ce-a and Instant 
Louse Killer. 
Kxc.pt In Canada 
and extreme 
Weat and South. 
—Distil¬ 
lers Dry 
Grains 
CORN PROTEGRAN 
make the ideal dairy feed. High protein, and fat. 
Produces milk at one-third less cost than Bran. 
Keeps indefinitely. Send for proofs. 
THE DEWEY BROS. CO., Box 056, Blanchester.Ohio 
You Can’t Cut Out 
A BOG SPAVIN or 
XHOKOUGHPIN, but 
jygSORBiNE 
will clean them off, and you work the 
horse same time. Does not blister or 
remove the hair. Will tell you more if 
you write. $2.00 per bottle, delivered. 
Book 4-C free. 
A BSOBBINE, JR., for mankind, 
#1.00bottle. Cures Varicose Veins, Vari¬ 
cocele, Hydrocele, Ruptured Muscles or 
Ligaments.Knlarged Glands, Allays Pain. 
Genuine mfd. only by 
V/, F.YOUNG, P.D.F. 88 Monmouth St, Springfield,Mass. 
ICKM0RC3 
CALL CURE 
la sold by all dealers 
and they will pay the 
money back if it does 
not cure harness and 
saddle galls, wire 
cuts, speed cracks, 
scratches or grease 
heel while you work 
the horse. Nothing 
better for bruises, 
rope burn, old sores 
or cracked cow’s 
teats. No substitute 
r one half so good. Write 
today for Bfckmore’s 
Horse Book, illustrated, and large FREE 
Sample box Gall Cure for 10 cents topay 
postage on both. Sold by dealers. Bick- 
more Gall Cure Co., Box 912 Old Town, Maine. 
mm 
f 
Rough- On-Flics. 
Every gallon guaranteed. Upon 
receipt of $2 we will send one gal¬ 
lon and a good sprayer by express 
prepaid. A fter using half the oil, 
>i not satisfactory, upon receipt 
of notice, we will refund the 
money and receive back the 
sprayer and can, paying return 
charges. 
EUREKA MOWER CO., 
Utica, N. Y • 
LABEL 
DA/VA’S EAR LABELS 
are stamped with any name or address with serial 
numbers. They are simple, practical and a distinct 
and reliable mark. Samples Free. Agents Wanted. 
C. H. DANA, 74 Main St., West Lebanon, N.H. 
Death tho Stomach 
Worms Guaranteed 
Wo will send you 100 lbu. of DR. 
HOLLAND’S MEDICATED STOCK 
SALT on 60 days’ trial, freight pre¬ 
paid. If you derive no benefit, it 
costs you nothing; i f you do, it 
costs you tr.,00. Give us your or¬ 
der at once. * 
The HOLLAND STOCK REMEDY 
COMPANY, Wellington, Ohio, 
Warranted to Give Satisfaction . 
GombauH’s 
Caustic Balsam 
Has Imitators But No Competitors. 
A Safe, Speedy and Positive Cure for 
Curb, Splint. Sweeny, Capped Hock, 
Strained Tendons, Founder, Wind 
Puffs, and all lameness from Spavin, 
Ringbone and other bony tumors. 
Cures all skin diseases or Parasites, 
Thrush, Diphtheria. Removes all 
Bunches from Horses or Cattle. 
As a Human Remedy for RheunAtism, 
Sprains, Sore Throat, etc., it is inv.Aable. 
Every bottle of Caustic Balsam sSId Is 
Warranted to give satisfaction. Price $1,50 
per bottle. Sold by druggists, or sent by ex¬ 
press, charges paid, with full directions for 
its use. tarSend for descriptive circulars, 
testimonials, etc. Address 
The Lawrence-Willlams Co., Cleveland, 0. 
REID’S 
Hand 
Separators 
Lightest running; closest skimmers. 
Easiest to care for. Guaranteed to 
do just what is claimed or money 
refunded. 80 days’ free trial, if desired. 
Write for free descriptive booklet of 
Reid Hand Separators and pricelist 
of Dairy Supplies. 
A. H. REID CO., Philadelphia, Pa. 
a Boss Cream Raiser 
In your home, if not 
as represented return 
atour expense. More 
satisfactory than a 
' $100 Separator. Runs 
Itself, raises cream 
quickly, Gets More 
Cream, keeps milk 
and cream sweet dur¬ 
ing hotestweathor.no 
'skimming or crocks 
and pans to handle. 
During cold weather set In house, water need not bo 
changed.'60,000Gravity Separators sold in 1006. More 
Boss than any other kind. Price $3.25 and up. Write 
today for free Catalogue. It will save you money. 
Blufton Cream Separator Co. box m Blufton, 0. 
DEATH TO HEAVES I newton’s 
U .,,,. U * Heave and Cough Cure 
GUARANTEED.^* a Specific for Wind and Throat 
' troubles. 25 years in Veterin¬ 
ary practice, 15 years on the 
market, provesits worth. One 
to two cans will effect 
a permanent cure for 
Heaves. $1.00 per can. All 
dealers or sent direct, express prepaid. 
Send for booklet of endorsements. 
THE NEWTON REMEDY CO., Toledo, Ohio 
Tuttle’s Elixir 
cures lameness, splint, curb, thrush* 
colic, founder, distemper, etc* Stand* 
Ing offer, good everywhere: flOO. for % 
failure where we say it will cure. “Vet* 
orlnary Experience" free. lOOpages, 
tho perfect home horse doctor. Write for » oopy. . 
Tuttle’s Elixir Co., 
30 Beverly St., Boston, Mass, 
CANADIAN BRANCH: 
82 St. Gabriel Street, Montreal, Q,ueb#4o 
BANNER LICE AND 
VERMIN POWDER 
\pr' l A cheap, effective dis- 
l infectant and remedy, 
j n powder form to be 
dusted on. Perfectly 
harmless. 5 oz. 15c. 1 lb. 40c (postpaid) 
31bs.50o. 6X lbs. $1.00. (f. o.b.N. Y. City) 
Excelsior Wire and Poultry Supply Co.. 
[ Dept. HQ 26-28 Vesey St., New Ybrk City! 1 
<0, 60 or 90 Days’ Trial on 
"Old Trusty* 
Try chicken raising on the John¬ 
son plan. My people are an en- 
thusiastic lot. We get the results. 
Johnaon ■ 2-year guarantee. Low price. Old 
F»y» the Trusty Catalogue tells the whole 
Frelgh t story—It’s FREE—write for it today. 
V M. JOHNSON CO., CLAY CENTER. NEB. 
EARLY GHIGKS PAY BIG 
nr our 
Guarantee 
Protects you 
Hatched in January, Feb¬ 
ruary and March, they make 
big profits. Hatch them in a 
BANTA INCUBATOR 
Heat uniform, case tight, 
ventilation gives strong 
chicks, regulator reliable. Ten 
minutes work daily. New cata¬ 
log free. Banta-Bendtr Mfg. Co Dept. 46. Ligonlsr.lnd. 
METAL MOTHERS 
Complete fireproof 
HATCHING AND BROODING PLAI 
for #7.50. 2 qts. oil wi 
hatch and brood the chick 
Our nest system is the late 
discovery. Full line poult; 
supplies. Lowest prices. Fri 
catalogue. Write to-day. 
CYCLE HATCHER CO. 
Box 212, Elmira, N. 
INE'LAN I 
INCUBATORS and BROODE 
Easy Hatching with aPineland 
.. -J nl y 10 min. work a day, regulator rel 
oPJ e G bea ’ ; uniform, ventilation gives pur 
air. Guarantee protects you. Catalog fre< 
j|jWEL<NDJHCU 8 <T 0 H co.. Boa DP iametburg, R. J. 
