376 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
May 4, 
FARMERS’ CLUB 
[Every query must be accompanied by 
the name and address of the writer to in¬ 
sure attention. Before asking a question, 
please see whether it is not answered in 
our advertising columns. Ask only a few 
questions at one time. Put questions on a 
separate piece of paper.] 
Forcing Wafer Through a Well. 
J. J. K., Rogersville, Tcnn .—A spring fur¬ 
nishes 40 gallons per minute. At 128 feet 
we have a fall of 10 feet, at 198 feet we 
have a fall of 13 feet. The house is 40 
feet higher than the spring. At the house 
we have a drilled four-inch well 73 feet deep 
with alKnit 40 feet of water. Can I put 
down in this well a 1 [4-inch pipe, put on a 
return of the same size, bring this water 
from spring and force it through this pipe 
to the bottom of well so as to have cold 
water in Summer, with any kind of hydrau¬ 
lic ram? What size ram? What size pipe? 
IIow much water can I expect from the 
spring under all the circumstances? 
With the size of spring and a fall of 10 
feet in 128 feet a No. 6 ram with a Sc¬ 
inch drive pipe, a one-inch discharge pipe 
should deliver at the house, under the 
conditions stated, about two gallons of 
water per minute. The providing of the 
house with running water at the rate of 
two to three gallons per minute,, regard¬ 
less of temperature, is quite a different 
proposition from that of supplying the 
house with running cold water. It must 
be remembered that the water in the well 
is stationary, or if not strictly stationary, 
the rate of the underground flo\y, which 
would change the water in the well, is 
probably very slow. This would have to 
be the case unless J. J. K.’s well happens 
to be supplied by a stream of water flow¬ 
ing through limestone fissures or similar 
channels, which might of course be the 
case in a limestone region of numerous 
large springs. If the water is compara¬ 
tively stationary the flow of the stream 
from the hydraulic ram through the well 
would tend to raise the temperature of 
the comparatively small volume of water 
in the four-inch well cqnsiderably above 
that which is normal to the well, and as 
the temperature of the water in the well 
is probably nearer 60 than 50 degrees, the 
cooling capacity of the water in the well, 
coupled with that of radiation from the 
walls of the well itself, is relatively small, 
and I doubt very much if it would be 
possible for the ram to deliver water 
into the house during the Summer months 
at a temperature much lower than 65 de¬ 
grees, while the direct flow into the 
house, independent of the well, would be 
likely to be under 75 degrees. 
F. H. KING. 
/I Cider and Vinegar Factory. 
J. J. B. Govesvillc, Pa .—I contemplate 
building a cider and vinegar establishment to 
manufacture cider and vinegar on a large 
scale. Will you give me plans for building 
such an establishment? 
Ans. —It is difficult to advise in regard 
to a building for a cider and vinegar fac¬ 
tory without more definite knowledge of 
the plans and surroundings of the person 
who is going into the business, and know¬ 
ing how extensively he expects to en¬ 
gage in it. The simplest cider mill and 
press of much capacity is compactly ar¬ 
ranged with the grater elevated so as 
to grind directly on to the press, a short 
elevator being attached into which the 
apples are shoveled direct from the wag¬ 
ons. Such an outfit would require only a 
small building which may be an open 
shed, or enclosed, according to circum¬ 
stances. From such an outfit to an elab¬ 
orate factory, arranged with storage bins 
for apples, with the elevator arranged to 
take the apples from them, regrinder for 
pomace, pomace trucks, tanks for cider, 
pumps for handling cider, etc., is quite a 
sten. Catalogues of cider machinery with 
suggestions for arranging building can be 
obtained from 'concerns advertising in 
The R. N.-Y. If cider is to be held for 
sale as a beverage, a place for storage is 
necessary where the extremes of temper¬ 
ature can be controlled, which in some 
localities may be an underground cellar 
or cave. A cold storage room would be 
an ideal place. 
To manufacture vinegar, the cider mus; 
be exposed to the action of heat and air, 
Cider in full barrels, bunged up, or in 
large tanks, will not turn to vinegar for 
a long time. There are two processes for 
making vinegar. One is the so-callec 
“slow process,” where it is allowed to 
make itself. In this process the barrels 
filled only three-fourths full, are stored in 
a warm place, 70 to 90 degrees, with the 
bungs out. The other is the generator 
process used in most large commercia 
factories, in which the liquid is allowed to 
drip slowly through tall tubs filled with 
beech shavings. The installation of a fac¬ 
tory of this kind requires the services o : 
an expert. A building on the “slow proc¬ 
ess” plan, then, should be built with 
double walls to retain the heat, and have 
some way of heating, the details depend¬ 
ing largely on the climate of the locality. 
In this building the barrels may be ranked 
up three feet high, the bottom tier about 
one foot from the floor for convenience 
in drawing off. A tank should be provid¬ 
ed, into which the finished vinegar can be 
pumped and so made of uniform strength, 
and from which it can be drawn off into 
clean barrels when ready to market. 
Twenty-four feet inside is a convenient 
width for such a building, and this will 
allow six ranks of barrels, side by side, 
with narrow spaces between. If desired, 
the building may be double-decked, thus 
doubling the capacity, but in this case 
heavy cross timbers and center posts are 
necessary to support the heavy weight, as 
each barrel and contents will weigh 400 
pounds. Seven feet, in the clear, should 
be allowed for the lower story and six 
feet for *the upper, allowing for 12-inch 
cross timbers; this will require 14 feet 
in height for the sides of the building. 
Such a building double-decked, 24 x 48 
feet, would have a capacity of 600 to 650 
barrels, with allowance for tank and some 
working space. The barrels can be placed 
in position and filled with a hose from 
an elevated tank or cask. A door should 
be provided large enough to permit the 
entrance of the storage tank, and win¬ 
dows in the ends only sufficient for light¬ 
ing. Windows and doors should be double. 
It should be understood that to manufac¬ 
ture cider and vinegar successfully as in 
other lines of manufacturing, axperience 
is required, and without that experience 
no one should enter into it extensively, 
without competent assistance. 
Bureau Co., Ill. l. r. bryant. 
A Sticky Whitewash. 
J. F., Redlands , Cal .—Will you Rive me a 
preparation of whitewash, that will stick to 
orchard trees throughout the Winter, with¬ 
standing frost and rain? I want something 
that will keep the trees whitened so the warm 
weather of February will not bring out the 
buds prematurely. Whitewash with common 
salt does fairly well, but will wash off. 
Ans. —There is nothing that sticks 
better to the trees than the lime, salt 
and sulphur wash. For permanence it 
takes the medal every time. There is 
no lime wash that will not weather to a 
greater or less extent. My suggestion 
would be to use the ordinary boiled Cal¬ 
ifornia wash; apply it thoroughly just 
before the rainy period and trust to 
luck. [Prof.] j. B. SMITH. 
Wire Netting and Borers. —I am very 
much interested in your contributors’ ar¬ 
ticles concerning using wire netting to 
overcome the ravages of mice. I have 
used tarred paper for this purpose with 
perfect success, but this method necessi¬ 
tates with me a renewal every Autumn. 
I feel that trees should have air and 
sunlight during the growing season, hence 
my custom to renew the tarred paper 
each Autumn. I am planning this Spring 
to use wire netting on 1,000 young trees, 
but before doing so would like to have 
an expression of opinion as to whether 
the wire netting prevents the possibility 
of borers getting into the trees. 
Boston. e. w. H. 
R. N.-Y.—We assume that these are 
apple trees. Our reports indicate that when 
the wire_ netting is pushed down into the 
soil an inch or so it does keep out the 
Apple borer. What do the wire netters 
say? 
When you write advertisers mention The 
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and 
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 14, 
Cutting 
]U[EN used to think that almost anything 
with an edge and a handle would do for 
corn cutting. 
Now we know a makeshift doesn't fay. 
The quality and shate of your corn hooks 
are of as much importance as the quality and 
shape of your mowing machine knife. 
Ask Your Dealer For 
IMTemper 
Tools. 
The True Temper label on a 
corn hook is the strongest 
guarantee expert manufactur¬ 
ers can give you, that the 
quality is the jdnest and the 
shate the most correct they can 
produce. 
No tool—Fork, Hoe, Rake, 
Hook, Weeder, whatever it 
may be, is allowed to wear the 
True Temper Label until it 
bas been tested and found to 
come up to its standard of re¬ 
quirements. 
* * * 
The special steel used in 
True Temper corn hooks 
makes a short cutting edge that 
) holds. 
The correct shape gives you 
' the right siuing and enables 
you to work rapidly, cutting 
your corn slick and clean. 
Ask your dealer to show 
you the complete True Tem- 
E er line. ‘The best tools you 
aye ever bought at the same 
prices you have always paid." 
* * * 
Write today for our FREE 
BOOK, "Tools and Their Uses.” 
It tells how to save time and 
money, by the use ol proper 
tools. 
AMERICAN FORK & HOE CO. 
vest. 14(4 Am. Trust Bldg., Cleveland, 0 . 
m 
Buffalo braND 
No rubber wears as well as new pure 
Para rubber. It has stretch and don’t 
crack. Put on good canvas and duck 
it will outwear any other kind three 
times over. 
Buffalo Brand 
Rubber boots are made of new pure 
Para rubber. They stretch where 
the strain comes. That's why they 
wear better. Other kinds of rubber 
will crack because there’s no 
stretch in it. To any user of 
Rubber Boots who will send 
for our beautifully illustrated 
Booklet C, we will send a 
handsome Souvenir Watch 
Fob FREE. Supply is lim* 
ted. Write today. 
Established Over Fifty Years 
WM. H. WALKER & CO.. 
77-83 So. Rearl St.. 
Buffalo. N. Y. 
F OR SALE— Crimson Clover Seed, @4.50 bushel. 
Red Clover Seed, @7.50 and @8.00 bushel 
Onion sets, @2.00 and @2.50 bushel, Cow Peas 
@2.50 tO @2.75 bushel. Joseph E. Holland, fillllord, l)el. 
ASPARAGUS PLANTS-™*," 1 ™;* 11 ' iSl 
plants, $4.00 per 1,000; $35.00 for the lot. 
M. GARRAHAN, Kingston, Pa. 
DASPBERRY ROOTS— 7,000 Gregg Black Rasp- 
■* berry Roots for sale at $5 per 1,000. Hardy and 
well-rooted. ALBERT LAWRENCE, Maeedon, N.Y.. 
, Best 
SEED Potatoes, Corn & Oats ™„. 
eties at Lowest Prices. Catalog Free. 
McAdams Seed Co., Columbus Grove, O. 
FREE 
GARDEN 
BOOK 
If you state the 
publication iu 
which you saw this 
advertisement, we 
will send you free 
DREER’S 
GARDEN BOOK 
Beautiful color and duotone 
plates, 224 profusely illustrated 
pages describing everything worth 
growing in vegetable, flower and 
f n pm 
HENRY A. DREER, Philadelphia 
TREES 
FRUIT and 
ORNAMENTAL 
Evergreens, 
Shrubs. Robes, 
Harot Plants. 
_I colored plate of theNew Hardy W 
QUEEN (Fran Karl Drugchki; mailed FREE on request. 
ELLWANGER A: BARRY, 
Mount H ope Nurseries, Nurgerj men—Hortlcultnri «t», 
Eitabliahed 1840. Rochester, New York. 
DNIflN ?FFn~ Prize Taker, $1.00 per lb.; Southport 
umuri OCCU Yellow Globe, $1.50 per lb.; South- 
port White Globe, $2.00 per lb. Subject to being 
unsold. EDWARD RIGG, Jr., Burlington, N. J. 
ALFALFA 
—Best seed for sale. Write 
forsamples, prices, andFRKK 
directions “23" on growing. 
J. E. Wing & Bros., Box 23, ,°- 
ARE YOU READY 
to place your order for Fruit Trees now, 
while the Nurseries have a full stock, 
and while you have time to attend to 
it? Call’s Nurseries, Perry, O., make a 
specialty of dealing direct with their cus¬ 
tomers. They employ no agents, hut 
have the reputation of sending out the 
finest trees that can be grown. Write 
them for Price List. 
NEW WHITE FIELD BEAN r 11 be 
JONES 11L If Hill It IILLU BLHI1 „ leader. 
• Great producer. Send for circular to JONES, 
the Wheat Grower, Batavia, N. Y. 
Clippi IIC D| AUTC for @1.50 per IOOO. 
dUnrLUa r LAH1 O climax, Kxcelsior-Gandy, 
Haverland. Johnson Early, Klondike, Lady Thomp¬ 
son, Oakes Early, Parson Beauty, S. L. Champion, 
Senator Dunlap, Warfield. For $2.00 per 1,000; Corsi¬ 
can, Fairfield, Sharpless, Jesse Arnout. Catalog free. 
SLAYMAKER & SON, Dover, Del. 
(](][] Dollars from one Acre. The second 
$I,UUU year 21,000 seven hundred and 80 quarts of 
Strawberries per acre. A variety l want you to 
plant, It will do you good 1908. List free. 
Kevitt’s Plant Farm, Athenla, N. J. 
CTRAWBEKRY PLANTS—None better grown. Buy 
direct from a specialist. Catalogue free. 
GEO. R. SCHAUBER, Box It, Ballston Lake. N.Y. 
STRAWBERRY PLANTS 
new catalog free.today. Prices from $1.25 per 1000 up. 
- —.. "”*■ Bl, 
Send and 
get my 
DAVID RODWAY, 
Hartly, Del 
R ED RASPBERRY PLANTS-Cuthbert, one 
of the best. Mail, doz., 350; 100, $1.50; express, 
100, $1.10; 1,000, $9.00. L. M. Loveless, Pulaski, N.Y. 
w 
ARD BLACKBERRY — Hardy and reliable; 
one of the best. Well-rooted plants, by mail, 25, 
75c.; 50, $1.00; 100, $1.50. For larger quantities. As¬ 
paragus Roots, Trees and other small fruit plants, 
send for price list. Ohas. Black, Hightstown, N. J. 
Bargains Bargains 
LAST CALL! 
Apple and Peach Trees in the following 
varieties, No. 1 stock : 
APPI F<s @1.00 per doz., @6.00 per C. 
Baldwin, R. I. Greening, Sutton 
Beauty, Wealthy, King, Rox. Russet, N. W. 
Greening, Yellow Transparent. 
PFAflHFS @1.00 per doz., @6.00 per C. 
I'ErJ-VW'i ICO Elberta, Stump, Crawford 
Early, Crawford Late, Old Mixon, Mt. Rose. 
r Immediate Shipment; Send your order'to-day; 
Satisfaction guaranteed. 
C. R. BURR & CO., Nurserymen, 
Manchester, Conn. 
SPY, SPITZ, SUTTON, McINTOSH, 
GRIMES, JONATHAN, RED CANADA, 
STAYMAN WINESAP and CORNELL 
BALDWIN. These are the leading 
kinds we grow. They are the 
kinds you need if you want to 
grow the best apples in the world. 
Why not plant safe trees once 
more? We are closing out. No 
time to lose now. Our trees are 
g oing. We will grow them until Fall for you if 
esired. Our Apple Breeder tells more. It’s free. 
ROGERS ON THE HILL, The Apple Breeder, DansrtUe, N. Y. 
THE RIGHT SEED POTATOES 
The Stock is right. The Prices are Right. I will Use you Right. Write me 
for free descriptive catalogue, containing every standard variety grown. 32nd 
anniversary. S. J. CONNELLY, Fishers, Ontario Co., N. Y. 
HEALTHY NATIVE-GROWN FRUIT TREES. 
ORNAMENTAL TREES, VINES, SHRUBS, ETC. 
We offer for Spring of 1907 the finest and most complete list of Nursery Stock we have ever grown. 
Our stock can always be relied upon for It is all selected and grown on our own grounds under constant 
expert Inspection. We guarantee every specimen true to name and free from disease. Give us a cliance 
to figure on your list of wants before ordering elsewhere. We do LANDSCAPE GARDENING In all 
Its Branches. Write now for our Free Illustrated Catalogue. Address 
T. J. DWYER £> COMPANY,.Box 1, Cornwall, New York 
