1907. 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
383 
KAINIT FOR PRESERVING HEN 
MANURE. 
J- D., Tynysboro, Mass .—Ivainit is recom¬ 
mended to mix with hen manure. I thought 
kainit was composed largely of potash and it 
seems to me to mix it with hen manure 
would be like mixing wood ashes with hen 
manure, which would be very bad unless 
put into the soil at once. Again, kainit is 
recommended for scattering about henhouses, 
stable floors, etc., but I thought it con¬ 
tained salt. Salt is wholesome, and under 
certain conditions a preservative, but I don’t 
want it on a stable floor. We know how 
it is where some is spilt or where a bag 
of it stands; the place is damp. Kainit is 
something I have never handled or heard 
much of until last Spring, when I put it on 
asparagus with, I thought, good results. I 
am indebted to The R. N.-Y. for that, but 
found that others used it for the same pur¬ 
pose. 
Ans.—F irst let us understand what 
kainit is and what it is supposed to do. 
It is well known by agricultural chemists 
that kainit is fully as good or better 
as a preservative of manures than land 
plaster. It contains the potash in the form 
of sulphate, but in addition a double chloride 
of magnesia and soda. Since it has the 
sulphate form of potash it would act simi¬ 
larly to the sulphate of lime in land plaster 
as a preservative of nitrogen. It has con¬ 
siderable chloride of magnesia and soda, 
which would be a disadvantage as an absorb¬ 
ent, continually absorbing the moisture from 
the air. Prof. Brooks, of Amherst, Mass., 
has experimented with it under hen roosts 
in preserving hen manure, and highly recom¬ 
mends the practice, and suggests a pulver¬ 
izing of the salt crystals and mixing with 
dry earth. This would overcome your ob¬ 
jection. We have here practiced using land 
plaster because of? its relative cheapness. I 
should think that land plaster and kainit 
might be mixed without suffering any loss 
of ammonia because of the lime, yet I would 
hardly care to advise it. 
GEORGE A. BILLINGS. 
New Jersey Ex. Station. 
Thus the kainit contains a large 
amount of salt and chloride of magnesia. 
We all know how salt prevents the decay 
of meat. In manure it will have much 
the same effect, and “preserves” am¬ 
monia by preventing decomposition. Plas¬ 
ter, on the other hand, instead of keeping 
the manure moist as salt does, dries it 
into hard chunks. The action of plaster 
in preserving the ammonia is different 
from that of salt. This plaster is a sul¬ 
phate of lime, which is supposed to 
"break up” and form sulphate of am¬ 
monia when put with the manure. In 
saying that “potash” or “lime” will have 
a certain effect we must remember that 
it is not the potash itself that is respon¬ 
sible, but the combination in which it is 
found. We should not use wood ashes 
with manure because it contains a form 
of lime which would unite with ammonia 
to form a gas and thus escape. We may 
use plaster or sulphate of potash because 
in this form the lime or potash will form 
a solid. Regarding the use of kainit 
under the roosts Prof. C. K. Graham 
writes: 
I do not see where anything could lie 
gained by using muriate of potash or kainit. 
As I understand it, anything mixed with 
salt would increase the moisture, and if 
there is anything we wish to avoid on the 
dropping board or under roosts, it would be 
that moisture. For this reason I would not 
care to use it even if it had no salt; i. e., 
so far as the salt is concerned. I have 
found ordinary land plaster to be the most 
satisfactory thing that I could use. 
At the Maine Experiment Station Prof 
Gowell reports the use of kainit with 
sawdust in preserving manure. As we 
understand it the dung accumulated in 
three nights by 180 hens was gathered 
and mixed with 15 pounds of sawdust and 
54 pounds of kainit. This was kept six 
months with practically no loss. We do 
not understand that the kainit was scat¬ 
tered in the house, but that it was mixed 
with the manure after the latter was re¬ 
moved. We should not care to try the 
experiment of scattering so much salt 
under the roosts and leaving it there. 
Plaster would be better to dry the manure 
or finely-ground raw phosphates would 
answer. Kainit will without doubt pre¬ 
serve the ammonia and will be best used 
not in the stable or henhouse but in the 
manure pit or shed where the hen manure 
is kept. The potash in the kainit will be 
needed in the manure. 
FEEDING YOUNG ANIMALS. 
1. How can I feed young pigs after they 
are four or five weeks old if milk is scarce 
and can only be given once In a while? Shall 
I use grain, and what kind, if any, is best? 
I have just bought two young ones, and they 
refuse to eat. How can I make them eat 
from the trough? 2. I have a young heifer 
calf that I am feeding six quarts of milk a 
day, with a little hay at noon. Can I cut 
down the milk any and substitute something 
else? I want some of the milk for other 
purposes. How long does the calf require 
milk? f. s. M. 
Andover, N. H. 
1. Fresh skim-milk may be given in 
place of new milk, and should be fed three 
times a day at first. With the skim- 
milk mix finely-ground oats from which 
the hulls have been screened, or mid¬ 
dlings and add a little flaxseed meal. 
Dried blood meal may also be given in 
small quantities to good advantage, and 
twice a week we would mix limewater in 
the slop at rate of one-eighth part. Grad¬ 
ually, if difficult to obtain, the skim-milk 
may be left out and warm water used in 
its place. Soak shelled corn and scatter a 
little of it about the feeding pen once 
daily. Allow pigs free range on grass 
or clover as soon as possible, and seed a 
patch to Essex rape that it may be ready 
for use as a soiling crop or pasture when 
most required. Pigs cannot be forced to 
cat what they do not relish, from a trough 
or elsewhere. Give them sweet milk at 
first, which they will take with relish, 
and gradually substitute the skim-milk 
slop and then the warm water slop. 
2. Skim-milk may be used instead of 
the new milk if fed often, in small quan¬ 
tities while fresh, and with flaxseed meal 
jelly as an adjunct. Hay tea also is ex¬ 
cellent for calves. Stewart fed two gal¬ 
lons of hay tea in which one-fourth of a 
pound of flaxseed and one-fourth of a 
pound of wheat middlings had been 
boiled to each of live calves 30 days old. 
1 lie experiment was continued 60 days, 
with a gradual increase, during the Iasi 
30 days of the middlings to one pound 
per day. These calves did remarkably 
well, gaining an average of a little over 
two pounds per head per day. Skim-milk 
should be fed at a temperature of 85 to 
90 degrees Fahr. Cornmeal has been 
found by Curtiss, of the Iowa Experi¬ 
ment Station, a suitable adjunct to skim- 
milk and flaxseed meal as a feed for 
crlves. Calves can get along without 
milk, as shown above, after 30 days. 
[dr.] a. S. ALEXANDER. 
POLL EVIL. 
I have a young mare that has a sore on 
her head, on the off side, back of the ear, 
where halter strap comes. I have thought 
that it was caused by pulling on th* halter, 
but think now it may be something more 
serious. I have used flour of sulphur, suipho- 
napthol and some other simple remedies on 
it, and am able to heal it up. but it will not 
stay healed; it keeps breaking out. This has 
been going on for the last year, as I bought 
her in Boston about that time. I noticed 
she was rather touchy about her head, but as 
she seemed high-spirited I laid it to that. I 
think now her head may have been sore at 
that time, as it broke out soon after she 
reached the farm. The sore is about the size 
of a silver dollar, and the discharge is thin 
and watery. p . E . G 
Dunbarton, N. II. 
By use of a probe we fear you will 
find that there is a sinus (pipe) lead¬ 
ing to a deep-seated sac where diseased 
tissue is present Such a condition would 
constitute a “poll evil” which seldom can 
be successfully treated at home, as free 
cutting is necessary to lay open the dis¬ 
eased parts to allow drainage from pipes 
and pockets, and this requires the skill of 
a trained veterinarian. Even when prop¬ 
erly operated upon poll evil is difficult 
and tedious to remedy, and entails more 
work than most farmers are willing to 
undertake. If professional help cannot 
be called in remove hair from enlarge¬ 
ment and blister twice a month with a 
mixture of one dram of biniodide of 
mercury in two ounces of cerate of! 
cantharides. Rub the blister in for 15 
minutes; wash it off in three days, then 
apply lard daily. Once daily inject a 
five per cent solution of protargol. Keep 
mare tied up short while blister is acting. 
[DR.] A. S. ALEXANDER. 
When you write advertisers mention The 
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and 
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 14. 
WHEN 
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FARM GATES- 
IS A GATE NOT A GATE 
I HAVE SOMETHING NEW 
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THE 
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|Used since 1885. Absolutely 
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ijllalf cent’s worth saves 8 
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AO LICE in Poultry Ilouse, or any place it Is 
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Rough- On-Flies. 
Every gallon guaranteed. Upon 
receipt of $2 we will send one gal¬ 
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prepaid. After using half theoil, 
it not satisfactory, upon receipt 
of notice, we will refund the 
money and receive back the 
sprayer and can, paying return 
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V; 
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We have just pub- 
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This book tells wbat to grow for sil¬ 
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It also tells the size silo you should 
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cost of the different size silos, as well 
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Box 62, Manitowoc, Wis. 
PILLING 
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Postpaid with full directions $3. Most suc-l 
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Printers 
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Cures Strained Puffy Ankle*. 
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Make Money With Fowls 
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M. M. JOHNSON CO.. CLAY CENTER. NEB. 
WORLD’S BIGGEST CREAMERY 
ON BUYING 
CREAM SEPARATORS 
The Beatrice-Continental Creamery Companies gather the 
cream from more than 50.000 Farm Cream Separators, nearly all 
of which are DE LAVAL machines, being by far the largest 
creamery concern in the world. Their advice may well be 
accepted as the highest possible authority by every intending 
buyer of a cream separator: 
Topeka, Kans., March 26, 1907. 
We are sorry to note quite a tendency to buy cheap sepa¬ 
rators. If the farmer properly understood what he was doing 
he would not buy cheap machines from a ‘mail order’ house or 
anybody else. This is a case where the cheapest costs most and 
the best least, in the long run. These cheap separators only last 
a year or two and cause lots of trouble while they do last, 
whereas a good machine like the DE LAVAL will last ten to 
twenty years with proper care. However, the ability to RUN 
A HEAVY CREAM and skim clean is of even greater im¬ 
portance. Cheap ‘mail order’ machines skim cream of about 
twenty per cent, of fat. DE LA VAL machines easily skim forty 
per cent, cream. There is a big difference of course in the cost 
of transportation, and a still greater difference in the QUALITY 
of the cream when it arrives at the creamery. The thin cream 
will not keep sweet, especially in hot weather, and must fre¬ 
quently be made into second grade butter. The average farmer 
using a cheap separator loses from $ 50 - to $60 - annually through 
this cream difference alone,—usually to save $25.- or $30.- in first 
cost of the separator.” 
THE CONTINENTAL CREAMERY CO., 
W. F. Jexsen, Vice-Pres. & Gen. Mgr. 
The De Laval Separator Co. 
Randolph & Canal Streets 
CHICAGO 
1213 & 1215 Filbert Street 
PHILADELPHIA 
Drumm & Sacramento Sts. 
SAN FRANCISCO 
General Offices: 
74 Cortlandt St. 
NEW YORK. 
173-177 William Street 
MONTREAL 
14 <t 16 Princess Street 
WINNIPEG 
107 First Street 
PORTLAND.OREG. 
