46o 
June 8, 
FARMERS’ CLUB 
[Every query must be accompanied by 
the name and address of the writer to in¬ 
sure attention. Before asking a question, 
please see whether it is not answered in 
our advertising columns. Ask only a few 
questions at one time. Put questions on a 
separate piece of paper.1 
A NEBRASKA SMOKE HOLE. 
A writer in The Dakota Farmer gives 
this account of his simple plan for smok¬ 
ing meat: 
“After the meat has been in the brine 
about two weeks I take it out, put it in a 
tub of cold water one day and night, and 
it is then ready to smoke. Take a box 
about four feet high and two or three feet 
wide, and knock both ends out. Dig a 
hole about 2/ feet deep and two feet 
square; then dig a trench the length of a 
stove pipe and eight inches deep. Dig a 
small hole at opposite end from the large 
hole, put in an old joint of stove pipe and 
cover over with dirt, then put box over 
the small hole and bank up with dirt. 
Put a tin over large hole; an old joint 
of pipe, uncoupled and flattened out, will 
do. Make a fire out of corncobs and you 
have a smoke box equal to any smoke 
house.”— H. F. JONES. 
Cement Tanks for Water Pressure. 
Reader, (No Address ).—Can I use a ce¬ 
ment tank underground for a hydraulic 
water system ? 
Ans. —The principle upon wliich this 
system operates is that of a large squirt 
gun. Water is put into an air-tight tank 
—usually underground. By means of a 
special pump air is forced into the tank 
with the water until there is pressure 
enough to force the water wherever it is 
wanted. Thus there is no need of put¬ 
ting a tank high in the air, or bringing 
water from a high hill. It would seem 
from the following letter that tanks made 
of concrete will not answer: 
It is absolutely impossible to use a ce¬ 
ment tank for air pressure service. A 
receptacle which will hold water may not 
hold steam. Air is thinner than either 
steam or water, and will leak through the 
smallest opening, especially when it <s 
compressed. When you get pressure in 
your tank varying from 20 to 60 pounds, 
it takes heavy steel plates especially 
calked and riveted by hydraulic machin¬ 
ery properly to contain the air. We ap¬ 
preciate that the use of cement is rapidly 
growing in favor. Concrete has revolu¬ 
tionized 'the possibilities in building con¬ 
struction. But, you cannot use either ce¬ 
ment or concrete for everything in the 
world, just because they are popular. You 
might make a concrete tank which will 
hold water all right, but it will not con¬ 
tain air under pressure. 
KEWANEE WATER SUPPLY CO. 
Pumping Water to Hilltop. 
E. A. D., (No Address).—! have a fine 
spring coming from hill out on the river 
shore: I want to get it to hofise on top of 
the hill, about 1,000 feet, and 100 feet high. 
If I dig back will I find the water rises with 
the hill? If so I could use a ram. As It 
It there is not any fall, and gasoline is the 
only alternative. Would %-inch lead pipe 
be large enough for that distance? 
Ans. —The level of the ground water 
generally rises as you go back from the 
outlets, such as drainage into lake shores 
and river banks. It is also probable that 
if the course of the spring referred to 
were followed back into the hill it also 
would be found to rise, but it is not likely 
that it would rise with sufficient rapidity 
to permit the required fall to be secured 
in a short distance. In order to work a 
ram successfully to elevate water 100 feet 
over a distance of 1,000 feet there ought 
to be secured a fall from the spring to 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
the ram of, if possible, as much as eight 
to 10 feet, although a smaller fall could 
be used if the capacity of the spring is 
large in proportion to the desired amount 
of water raised. Springs at their outlets 
often rise more or less vertically from 
the ground, and it is frequently possi¬ 
ble, where the ground is of a clayey char¬ 
acter about the spring, to dig out and 
sink a curbing into the clay over the 
spring and confine the water so as to 
cause it to rise several feet, and if E. A. 
D. is able to use a ram at all it is prob¬ 
able that it would be necessary to se¬ 
cure the needed head as just suggested. 
The case, however, is not very promis¬ 
ing, as it is doubtful if, under such con¬ 
dition, the head could be increased more 
than three or four feet. A spring that yields 
20 gallons per minute, with a drive pipe 
of 2 y 2 inches and a discharge pipe of one 
inch is estimated to discharge three gal¬ 
lons per minute where the length of the 
discharge pipe is 100 feet and the verti¬ 
cal elevation of the water is five times 
the fall from the spring to the ram. 
Stated in more general terms, the water in 
the drive pipe will elevate about one- 
seventh of its volume through a height 
five times the fall or one-fourteenth of 
the volume through 10 times the fall. If 
E. A. D. was able to secure but five feet 
of fall, the amount of water lifted 100 
feet would not exceed 1-28 of that car¬ 
ried in the drive pipe, and if the dis¬ 
charge pipe must be 1,000 feet long the 
friction in the discharge pipe would have 
to be overcome and so would be equiva¬ 
lent to lifting the water more than 100 
feet, and consequently the water deliv¬ 
ered would be proportionately less. 
F. H. KING. 
A Problem in Cold Storage. 
8. 8. O., Callaway, Va .—I want some in¬ 
formation in regard to cold storage. I have 
water power (10 to 15 horse), a large build¬ 
ing connected with it that was formerly used 
as a tobacco factory; it is substantial. Can 
you give me some idea of the cost of a 
storage outfit for from eight to 10,000 bar¬ 
rels of apples? What should it cost to run 
such a plant for six months during the 
Winter, say from October 1 to April 1? 
With wliat success have small storage houses 
been run, that is. in regard to keeping 
apples? Would it, in your opinion, be prac¬ 
ticable to haul apples 10 miles over a rough 
road after they were taken from storage? 
My place is 10 miles from railway. The 
trouble is now the difficulty in getting apples 
in storage soon enough after they come from 
trees. 
Ans.—T he power you have available is 
ample for refrigerating a cold storage 
plant of 10,000 barrels capacity. In fact, 
if you can depend on 15 horse power at all 
times of year you should be able to handle 
with this power a cold storage plant of 
15,000 barrels, for the storage of apples 
from, say, October 1 to April 1. You might 
do even better than this by judicious 
handling and good insulation. An accu¬ 
rate opinion cannot be formed as to 
whether the tobacco factory mentioned 
would be well adapted to remodeling into 
a cold storage plant, but if the building is 
substantial, with floors which, will sustain 
fairly heavy loads, and with a height of 
floors of from nine to 12 feet, it is prob¬ 
able that this building would be suitable 
for the purpose. For the storage of 10,000 
barrels of apples about 100,000 cubic feet 
of cold storage space would be required. 
This is a trifle in excess of actual space 
occupied by the apples, but it is necessary 
to leave space for piling, handling, etc. 
The probable cost of the refrigerating 
equipment for 100,000 cubic feet of space 
would be in the neighborhood of $6,000 
to $8,000, and the cost of insulating the 
building and necessary changes to same 
would be from $8,000 to $10,000. A plant 
half this size, or with a capacity of 5,000 
barrels, would cost more than half as 
much, probably two-thirds as much. The 
operating costs of such a plant from Octo¬ 
ber 1 to April 1 would be almost nominal, 
provided the power was not figured and 
provided plenty of cold water for con¬ 
densing purposes was available. The cost 
of operating would practically resolve it¬ 
self down to the actual expense of help 
employed, and this would be from $4 to $6 
per day for a day and night engineer. The 
cost of handling the goods in and out of 
the house can be determined from local 
conditions. There is no question about 
the success of a plant of this kind. In 
fact, there are many successful plants 
much smaller than 50,000 to 100,000 cubic 
feet. The writer knows of only 5,000 
cubic feet which has much more than paid 
for itself in the last two or three years. 
This, however, is equipped with the grav¬ 
ity brine system, using ice and salt as a 
cooling medium. 
The question of whether it is practi¬ 
cable to haul apples 10 miles over a rough 
road when removed from storage must 
be determined by local conditions and the 
time of year they are to be sold. If the 
apples are hauled in the ordinary wagon 
without springs they will certainly be 
damaged, whether they were hauled be¬ 
fore or after storing. If apples are prop¬ 
erly stored there is no reason why they 
will not stand almost as much handling 
when they come out of storage as before. 
It is, of course, well known that apples 
ripen in cold storage, and they are there¬ 
fore softer and will bear less handling 
than before placing in storage, but with a 
modern cold storage, where the temper¬ 
ature is maintained at a low point, the 
apples should come out of storage with 
sufficient vitality to bear hauling this dis¬ 
tance, provided the road is not extremely 
bad and the wagons are equipped with 
springs. It would, in fact, seem an ex¬ 
tremely good investment to haul all fruit 
on springs under conditions mentioned. 
With a cold storage plant right at your 
orchards you can of course place apples in 
storage daily, and avoid the damage they 
suffer in being exposed to high temper¬ 
atures for several days or longer before 
they can be placed in the cold storage 
room. This in itself will make a hand¬ 
some saving, and will very much more 
than offset the difficulty from handling 
over a rough road after being stored. 
MADISON COOPER. 
Farmer Medders : “Was Deacon Bur¬ 
lap buried from the house?” Farmer 
Green: No, from the back yard. His 
wife was house-cleaning.”—Life. 
When you write advertisers mention The 
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and 
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8. 
S WEET POTATO PLANTS FOR SALE. 
Jersey Yellow and Big Stem, $1.25 per M. Plants 
ready May 20. John Oasazza, Vineland, N. J. 
F OR SALE— Crimson Clover Seed. #4.50 bushel. 
Red Clover Seed, #7.50 and #8.00 bushel 
Onion sets. SZ.OO and #2.50 bushel. Cow Peas 
#2.50 to #2.75 bushel. Joseph K. Holland, Milford, Del. 
nil I PROD ™s FROM OUR MID SUMMER 
TULL onur STRAWBERRY PLANTS. Send 
for List. Kevitt’s Plant Farm, Athenia, N. J. 
CTKAWBEHRY PLANTS-None better grown. Buy 
direct from a specialist. Catalogue free. 
GEO. K. SCHAUBKR, Box It, Ballston Lake.N.Y. 
O ADD line PLANTS.— 2,000,000 stalky plants. 
UADDAUU Fine large roots. Plants taken up 
with forks to preserve all the roots on each plant. A 
customer who ordered 40,000 plants last year wrote: 
"The plants you sent me were the finest I ever sav 
come into this place.” All Head Early, Succession, 
Danish Ballhead, Early Jersey Wakefield, $1 per 1000; 
5,000,$4. F. W. ROCHELLE, Drawer 24, Chester. N.J. 
ALFALFA 
—Best seed for sale. Write 
forsamplcs, prices, and FREE 
directions “23” on growing. 
J. E. Wing & Bros., Box 23, ■■SSST.’i.. 0 ' 
Binder Twine 
Farmers wanted an Agent* 
AUGUST POST, 
Moulton, - Iowa. 
VI | Save and bind the 
U Iff A I hfOChOfC straw in neat bun- 
li WC I III Wwll vl W dies and clean the 
w grain perfectly. 
400 bu. a day. Small power required. Also Manure 
Spreaders, Silos, Horseand Dog Powers, Cutters. Catalog free 
HARDER MFC. CO., Box 1 1 , COBLESKILL, N. Y.. 
Galvanized Iron Tanks 
, 12 and 15 
barrel capacity. 
Light, Durable, 
Inexpensive. 
BOWEN & QUICK 
Auburn, N. Y. 
THE LEVIN PRVNER 
The best pruner. Cuts J^-inch dry 
branch. Quick, clean, easy cut. We 
will send it post paid for club of two new 
yearly subscriptions at $1 each, or for 
club of 7 ten weeks trials at 10 cents each. 
The Rural New-Yorker, New Y^ork. 
APPLE TREES 
NOTHINTGr BUT A] ^ r ! :L ! :E8 
ROGERS ON THE HILL, Dansville, N. A. 
IMPORTANT 
CROP FACTS 
Farmers generally in almost every section are very “blue” 
over the unfavorable grain crop outlook at this time, hut there 
Is one crop that they need not feel doubtful about and which 
becomes of more than usual importance to them by reason of 
the uncertain outlook as to other crops, and this is the MILK 
CROP, which continues month in and month out and of which 
it has well been said “ the harvest never ends.” 
There is nothing doubtful about the outlook for the MILK 
CROP. Dairy product prices have been high and promise to 
continue so. The uncertainty about other crops makes it all 
the more important to make the most of the one that is sure. 
There is only one way to make the most of it, to be certain of 
recovering all the butter-fat with the least effort and under 
the most favorable conditions, and that is with the help of 
A DE LAVAL CREAM SEPARATOR 
Every farmer with milk to separate needs a separator, and 
there jnever was a better time to make the purchase of one. 
There can hardly be good reason to defer putting in a machine 
or replacing a poor one with a DE LAVAL. Machines are 
made in all sizes to meet all conditions, and may either he 
bought for cash or on such liberal terms that they will actually 
save their own cost while you are paying for them. 
Catalogue with full particulars is to had for the asking. 
The De Laval Separator Co. 
Randolph & Canal St«. 
CHICAGO 
1213 & 1215 Filbert St. 
PHILADELPHIA 
Drnmm X- Sacramento Sts. 
SAN FRANCISCO 
General Offices: 
74 Cortland St. 
NEW YORK. 
173-177 William Street 
MONTREAL 
14 St 10 Piineess Street 
WINNIPEG 
107 First Street 
PORTLANO, OREC. 
