8i8 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
November 9, 
they put up a big fight before they went in. The 
ropes were passed through the rings in the mangers 
(and I was glad that I had such strong ones made) 
and as the horse was urged ahead, I took up the slack. 
When the horse was in the stall the rope was tied to 
a post behind her. 
It is putting it mildly to say that I was tired, but 
there was no going to bed for me that night. I re¬ 
mained in the stable all night to keep those mares 
from breaking their necks. But all things must end, 
and they at last realized that their days of freedom 
were past, and that man is their master. I spent the 
next day in getting acquainted with them, and doctor¬ 
ing their bruises, for they are a good pair, and I want 
no scars to remain. I will say here that I was greatly 
pleased when I lifted the lip of each and found that 
the “corner” teeth were not shed, which shows them 
to be four years old, coming five. The following day 
I began “bitting” them and now, at the end of the 
week, I am driving them around with lines. I expect 
to hitch them each in turn with Dolly for a few times, 
and my “hunt” for this year will be over. 
Later.—I delivered my butter with one of them 
hitched by the side of Dolly to-day, less than two 
weeks from the wild state, yet they are still very wild, 
and don’t like to stand still at all. I have broken them 
with the aid of my two boys, and I can tell you that 
the first time we hitched them it was ticklish business.) 
They have never offered to kick, but the danger was 
that they would bolt and run away with only part of 
the traces hitched, when of course the pole would fall 
down and a smashup would be inevitable. We feel 
pretty safe when we get one safely hitched and a 
good hold on the reins, but sometimes we get a hair- 
raiser even then. To-day, as we neared the depot, we 
saw a train coming at a distance, plenty of time to 
get past. So we let them go. But just as we got 
near the crossing up came a big auto. No time to 
wait, so we must meet the thing. I braced my feet and 
got a better hold of the lines and whip. The boy 
grabbed the cord which we keep on the colt’s head in 
case of an emergency, and we drove past the auto 
without Miss Colt even looking at it. It is the un¬ 
expected that happens. j. grant morse. 
BUILDING A NEW BARN. 
I wish to build a new barn and put a horse stable in the 
basement if it can be done without its being damp and chilly 
in Winter. It will be a bank barn, with a wall on the 
south and west sides. The barnyard will be to the east. 
By reason of another barn located just at the southeast 
corner of the proposed new barn no direct sunshine can 
reach the stable until afternoon, except a little early in the 
morning through the east windows. My idea would be to 
put six or eight inches of small stones in the bottom of 
stable and cover with cement, and put plank or gravel 
on cement where horses stand, and cover with gravel in the 
open space. I would cover the walls with matched lumber; 
can have windows in the east and south sides and narrow 
ones in west side wall. Can such a stable be made dry and 
safe for horses? Some tell me it cannot. Also please give 
me a diagram showing how you would arrange the stable. 
I wish stalls for eight horses, five feet wide, with feed alley 
in front if possible. All manure must go out to the east. 
A carriage room will be located above the stable in the 
south end of barn, with hay storage above that, and hay 
will be taken in at south end. Ilow and where would you 
locate hay chutes? A part of my hay mow would come down 
even with floor of carriage room. A gambrel roof will be 
SJ > VI 
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36?X'/0 
put on. The walls shown in diagram are now constructed, 
and cannot be changed ; old barns burned. a. h. s. 
Clifton Springs, N. Y. 
If I understand the location, you will have no trouble 
whatever in making this stable dry. Stables are damp 
because of cold side walls and poor ventilation. These 
side walls, ceiled up inside as you suggest, would be all 
right so far as the walls are concerned. Now, to com¬ 
plete the plan you need ventilating flues, and I think 
the King system would be best adapted to your wants. 
Put in the flue equivalent to one square foot of area to 
each 5,000 pounds of live weight to be kept in the sta¬ 
ble. Run it from the floor of stable, at some con¬ 
venient point, to the highest point of the barn, pro¬ 
jecting through the roof five feet, with a single cap 
over the top, set about one foot from the top. I 
would suggest for the flue above the stable that you set 
up 3x3’s on the corners and ceil inside and out, stuf¬ 
fing the air space with straw as you board up. This 
will give you a 3-inch air space filled with straw, and 
will absolutely prevent condensation of moisture in the 
flue. In laying down cement, I would suggest that you 
first put down three inches of very weak concrete, 
about 1-3-10 well tamped, then put on tar paper two 
thicknesses with two coats of tar paint. Upon this put 
three inches or 3V 2 of concrete, 1-3 where there is light 
strain, and one-half where the horses come imme¬ 
diately in contact with it. This tar paper will prevent 
any moisture coming up from below. Be sure that the 
floor above horses is absolutely tight, so that no air 
will escape into your carriage barn above. If it does, 
the varnish will quickly come off the buggies, and it 
will also interfere with the ventilating flues. I should 
arrange the hay chute to enter a stall or place about 
the same size and use it for hay. Your hay storage 
A FRIEND OF THE R. N.-Y. Fig. 405. 
will be so far from your horses that it will be ex¬ 
pensive going up every time you feed them. I think the 
location of the stalls in the barn you can plan to suit 
your local convenience much better than I can at this 
distance. _ h. e. cook. 
ADVICE TO YOUNG SPECULATORS. 
Noting a letter on page 709, signed “City Subscriber,” 
regarding the absolute certainties of Wall Street specu¬ 
lations, perhaps my experience, which is 99 per cent 
out of every 100, will do some one of your readers 
good. Two years ago 1 was in possession of a neat 
little home of four acres on the outskirts of one of 
Connecticut’s largest cities. The subscription to your 
paper was given me as a premium for a prize on one 
of the many birds I exhibited, and I cannot express in 
any written words its comfort to me in my present 
position. From my first boyhood memories there had 
been noted and put before me (as examples) such men 
WEEDS GROWN FROM MOLASSES FEED. Fig. 400. 
as figured in Wall Street during the last decade. I grew 
up, became an honored and respected citizen, with a 
family, wife, two little boys and a girl, the oldest a 
boy now 5J4 years. I succeeded to the highest position 
a private corporation can produce, handled thousands of 
dollars and held their respect. 
From my resources I had saved considerable, and 
as the future education of my children was in view, 
and no other means of making money as rapidly, I re¬ 
solved to risk some on the Street; I was posted by a 
far superior person to your subscriber; he was a man 
connected with one of the oldest banking houses in 
New York City and had been on the floor for 35 years; 
he forwarded a personal letter at the close of each 
day’s business, also wired me at any time when a new 
deal was heard of, and advised when to sell. Besides 
this I was situated so I could watch the board three 
hours per day. My first investment was of a 100-share 
lot, and in seven days closed it at seven points profit 
(to those who do not know it equals $700). Where 
can one make as much in one week on an investment? 
Ah! poor foolish boys, we try again without success; 
again we win, the brain is excited, the finances of the 
whole world seem to be within our grasp. But lo! 
the crushing blow comes, you dig deeper and deeper 
into your savings for the protection of your stock, until 
it is gone. I was desperate; where is the man of to¬ 
day who wouldn’t be? Just at that time I had detected 
a clerk (a personal friend of mine) in my charge appro¬ 
priating the firm’s money for his own use. He was let 
go, and two weeks later I began his game myself. I 
now have your paper in my cell, where I am doing a 
term of from two to five years. It is a comfort for 
me to read of the good deeds through the “square deal” 
which has been your motto, and your advice to the 
young man verifies mine. Don’t; $10,000 is no object 
where a man’s reputation is at stake, and if he hasn’t 
any of his own “don’t” borrow other people’s. 
_ F. E. L. 
THE SAN JOSE SCALE IN NEW YORK. 
Although there are some apparent contradictions, the 
present conditions with respect to the scale are more 
favorable to fruit growers than obtained at this time 
last year. On the whole, the fruit has not been so 
badly spotted, and there has not been the extensive 
breeding and the rapid and wholesale spread of the 
scale at this late season to uninfested trees and orchards, 
which last year so alarmed fruit growers in many com¬ 
munities where this pest is well established. This be¬ 
havior of the scale is undoubtedly the result of the late 
Spring, which checked the growth of the trees and re¬ 
tarded the appearance of the young scales. The dry 
Summer has also been favorable to the treatments with 
the lime-sulphur wash. 
At Geneva the young, active scales did not make 
their appearance this year till July 5, when normally 
they may be found about June 12-20. Other observers 
in this community did not detect evidences of breeding 
on their trees till July 9 and 12. While it is true that 
the Summer has made up for some of the lost time, due 
to a late Spring, still the crops have been and are still 
backward. The scale, I believe, has shared this same 
experience, and consequently there have not been, up 
to the present time, as many generations of offspring 
as usually obtain. Because of this reduction in broods, 
there has not been so far the number of young scales 
to infest the fruit and the bark. If the weather should 
change and there should be a warm spell which should 
be prolonged, the scale will continue to breed and to 
spread, and to aggravate present injuries, as neglected 
vines and trees are quite alive with this pest. 
In making these statements, I do not wish to be 
understood as saying that the scale has not been de¬ 
structive, or that it has not spotted fruit, for in all of 
our experiments where trees have not been sprayed 
there are to-day marked evidences of increased injuries 
over those of last year to the trees, and there has been 
enough spotting of the fruit to render much of it unsal¬ 
able. But as compared with last year, the apples and 
pears especially have not this season been so conspic¬ 
uously marked. 
Fruit growers generally have been very successful this 
year in controlling the scale, and I have seen almost 
perfect results by the use of such sprays as sulphur 
washes, oil emulsions and miscible oils. While the sea¬ 
son has been more favorable to them, the orchardists 
are taking more pains in their spraying operations, and 
in considering the present excellent results in many 
orchards, due credit should be given for the increased 
care that has been exercised in the preparation and 
application of the scale sprays. 
In several communities there are some odd trees and 
orchards which are anomalies. Usually these are of 
little value, but they are of interest in that they have 
been for a number of years infested with scale and 
have not been sprayed, or at least not treated for sev¬ 
eral years. Some of the trees to-day actually show less 
scale than last year, and on the majority of the trees 
the scale has made no headway. The reasons for the 
present condition of the trees with respect to scale are 
not always apparent. Some trees were once given exces¬ 
sive applications of clear crude oil, which caused severe 
injuries and checked their growth, rendering the bark 
less succulent. Other trees were once cultivated, but 
are now neglected and allowed to grow in grass. Some 
were badly injured by past Winters and have not recov¬ 
ered. The low vitality of such trees may perhaps 
account for the failure of the scale to maintain itself, 
while in other instances parasitic and predaceous 
enemies of the scale have perhaps assisted in the con¬ 
trol of the scale. I have mentioned these puzzling 
examples, as they are often used as the basis for the 
report that scale has had a setback. They are, of course, 
not representative of orchard conditions. 
Geneva Exp. Station. p. j. parrott. 
