825' 
lSOt. 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
Hope Farm Notes 
_ • - ~ - ■- d __ 
Ripening Up.—I f you were with me 
this Sunday afternoon, late in October, 
you could look down upon the ending of 
the season in our valley. Range after 
range the hills sweep away to the east, 
bright with color—from the green of the 
peach and apple to the red maples. I do 
not think I ever saw before such a vari¬ 
ety of colors. I probably say that every 
Fall, for though the colors are much the 
same from year to year, we grow to real¬ 
ize more and more of what they mean as 
we grow older. There is a storm brew¬ 
ing in the sou': vast. The wind is keen, 
and in the woods the leaves are falling 
like snow. The clouds have covered the 
sun, and the day has a gray, mournful 
aspect. If you were here to-day we 
would sit on the stone wall and do a little 
mental harvesting. As a farmer you 
would first run your eye over my crops. 
The corn is all ready for husking, and I 
should not be ashamed to have you pull 
out an ear or so. While the flint ears 
seem small to one who grows the large 
dents, I think I could soon convince you 
that the yield of grain on an acre is 
satisfactory. You would also admit that 
the smaller stalks make better fodder. 
You could find no reasonable fault with 
the clover and turnips in the cornfield, 
though you might say there ought to be 
more sound heads in the cabbage field. 
1 should not fear your opinion of the 
strawberries—as for the Alfalfa it would 
depend upon how much you know about 
it. You might think that the trees where 
We have plowed and cultivated look bet¬ 
ter than those in sod, but people of our 
age know well enough that looks do not 
tell it all. I should point out to you that 
some trees retain their foliage plump and 
green, and cling to it in spite of wind 
and frost, while others are nearly bare 
already. If you will wade through the 
snow to the top of my hills in February 
I can show you apple trees still holding 
many of their leaves. They will be 
strong, vigorous trees that have been well 
cared for. They were sprayed to fight off 
insect and disease, well fed and pruned— 
for I regard this ability to hold the fo¬ 
liage against the frost and wind as evi¬ 
dence of vigor and strength. 
Well, what would that have to do with 
two old fellows sitting on a stone wall 
through a dull October afternoon? Very 
likely they were brought up in such a 
way that they could not be sprayed and 
fed and nurtured in the proper way. 
You break in before I quite get to the 
point I am after. The leaves on the trees 
are not the fruit, but they are the things 
that give life and character to it. If they 
are not strong and vigorous the fruit 
cannot succeed, no matter how large the 
branch or how deeply the roots are fixed 
in the soil. In a man likewise the things 
that give character to the fruits of a life 
are more important, after all, than the 
work itself. You and I cannot run or 
play baseball or pitch hay as we could 
20 years ago, and if doing those things 
were the aim and end of life and living 
we would sit here to-day like some of 
these neglected trees, stripped bare of 
all that gives character. But, thank God, 
those things are but a part of life, and 
the poorest part at that. As we sit on 
the stone wall through the gray after¬ 
noon, with the leaves falling and the un¬ 
easy crows flying over us, we can smile 
as we realize how ambition and love 
through the hard-working years have 
bred a philosophy and hope which will 
stick to us like the leaves to my trees. 
Yes, it would be pleasant to have you 
here to-day. We could talk this thing 
out better than I can write it and then, 
as evening fell, walk down to a dish of 
baked apples and an evening before the 
fire. 
Farm Notes. —We got the apples 
picked at last. Two or three hard frosts 
got at the last of them, but they were 
not injured. We have shipped a good 
many to commission men with fair re¬ 
turns, but the balance we shall try to 
handle at retail. We write letters to 
people in town, tell them what we have, 
quote prices and inclose a card for an¬ 
swer. It is quite surprising how many 
people there are who will buy a supply 
of fruit or potatoes from a farmer if 
you give them the chance. We can go to 
a family with an offer to supply apples, 
potatoes, turnips, cabbage and squash, 
and make just as good a proposition as 
any storekeeper. I think this sort of 
business is often neglected by farmers. 
. . . The work of the San Jose scale 
is very evident in our section this Fall. 
Five years ago there were many profitable 
orchards, and through late Summer and 
Fall there was a constant succession of 
wagons hauling fruit to the Paterson 
market. This year there are barely half 
a dozen farms that produce first-class 
fruit. Many trees have been killed out¬ 
right, while others are so badly weak¬ 
ened that they produce nothing but small, 
hard fruit. In five years more most of 
these trees will be entirely dead, and yet 
the majority of them could have been 
saved by cutting out the tops and thor¬ 
ough spraying. Over the stone wall from 
my young orchard is a block of apple 
trees which was pronounced two years 
ago by an inspector the worst he ever 
saw. Last year I do not think there was 
an apple in that orchard free from scale 
marks. I advised the owner to cut most 
of the trees down, but instead of that he 
had the tops cut back and in April gave 
what was left a soaking with soluble oil. 
The trees have made a good growth this 
year—a crop of corn being grown among 
them. With so much of the wood cut 
away of course there was not a large 
crop of apples, but the fruit was of good 
size, and I do not think five per cent of 
it showed scale marks. That is the 'great¬ 
est object lesson I ever saw in an apple 
orchard, and it convinces me that we can 
hold the scale in check if we will work 
for it. . . . The pigs have run in the 
orchard since May. They have eaten 
windfall apples, grass and weeds, and 
have torn up the orchard until it looks as 
if a dozen spring-tooth harrows had been 
competing for a prize. With the first 
heavy frost we separated the pigs in 
blocks of three, and put them in some 
small pens here and there where they can 
be fattened. We feed all the cabbage 
they will eat, boiled small potatoes and 
cornmeal. The Summer’s run has given 
them bone and frame, and now we shall 
pack on the fat.' There is a good de¬ 
mand for pork this year. It has cost less 
than usual to raise these pigs, while meat 
promises to bring more. . . . The 
clover and turnips promise to keep on 
growing until the ground freezes solid. 
We might pull many bushels of Cow-horn 
turnips for feeding, but I expect to let 
most of them rot in the ground. I think 
the clover will have a better chance for 
letting the turnips stay. . . . Every 
year at about this time I figure the cost 
of gathering forest leaves for bedding. 
The woods are full of leaves. There is 
some value to them as fertilizer, and I 
have been told that they have some power 
to absorb nitrogen from the air. They 
make fair bedding, but the difficulty of 
gathering them makes it a doubtful prop¬ 
osition when corn husking, cabbage har¬ 
vest and Fall plowing all come together. 
I generally stop gathering after two or 
three loads. Baled planer shavings make 
good bedding. I think it pays better to 
sell rye straw at $20 or more. 
I have the following question from 
Pennsylvania: 
If you had 50 bushels of buckwheat, what 
would you do with it to get flu* best returns? 
Would you sell it for what it is worth on 
the market, or would you feed it to young 
shotes ? 
That question suits me well, not be¬ 
cause I know much about buckwheat, but 
I can tell what I would do, and have it 
understood I am not giving definite ad¬ 
vice. If I had this buckwheat I would 
have it ground into flour at our local 
mill, and bring the bran home to feed 
the cows. I would have some bags made 
with “Hope Farm Buckwheat’’ printed on 
them. During the Winter I would fill 
these bags and peddle them out or put 
them on sale at a grocery store. I would 
do that because local-made buckwheat 
flour is a novelty in our country. It 
probably is not in Pennsylvania. If I 
did not do this I would sell the buck¬ 
wheat and buy oil meal or bran to feed 
with my corn. I have found small quan¬ 
tities of buckwheat very useful in feeding 
poultry and other stock. Too much 
buckwheat will affect the skin in about 
the same way that too many buckwheat 
cakes affect a human being. At present 
prices oil meal seems one of the best 
foods to buy, provided we feed it prop¬ 
erly. h. W. C. 
'ave your Back,Save Steps, 
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