THE RURAL NEW-YORKER* 
827 
190?. 
PASTURING COWS IN BARN. 
I have just read II. W. C.'s article on page 
781 under the caption of “A One-Acre Dairy 
Farm,” and think it may mislead some young 
enthusiast who might venture into the dairy 
business. The one acre cuts no figure, except 
to supply room for a stable and yard, neither 
does the baled hay which he says is “turned 
into profitable milk.” Nor does the milking 
by electricity account for his success with 
“32 cows on one acre.” Its advantages over 
the old way are trifling. lie says "absolutely 
nothing is grown for stock food." Of course 
not. Then why lug in this one-acre claim? 
lie takes a fling at “silos and clover fields,” 
but be would not if that “brewery” was 
miles instead of “a few blocks away.” Clover 
and Alfalfa bay supply the roughage without 
which no cow can be healthy, but his milk 
flow comes from those warm wet grains 
fresli from tlie brewery. I also keep cows 
and am close to a brewery. Now if any 
reader thinks lie can keep 32 cows on one 
acre, without this cheap, wholesome food 
at from six to 10 cents per bushel, even if 
he gets his cows milked for nothing, he is 
riding to a fa.l. II. W. C. should have used 
for head lines: “The use of fresh brewery 
grains in milk production.” 
ARTHUR. T. GOLDSBOROUGH. 
Mr. Goldsbcrough did not get the point 
of the article. Mr. Shimmel is close to 
his market. He produces high class 
milk and has no middlemen to feed. He 
can pay the middleman’s charge on hay 
and grain better than he could on the 
finished product. We said that the sweet 
brewers’ grains are a fair substitute for 
silage. Without them the business could 
not be made so profitable. We wanted to 
describe this dairy as one extreme of the 
business. Next to it comes the soiling 
system where large crops are grown on 
few acres. As an example of this sys¬ 
tem, we take the farm at the Experiment 
Station of New Jersey. The figures are 
not complete for this year, but last year 
the following crops were grown on 76 
acres: 
Green forage crops. 225.56 tons 
Corn silage . 222.30 tons 
Oat and pea hay. 20.15 tons 
Alfalfa ... 17.45 tons 
Crimson clover hay. 9.30 tons 
Millet hay . 3.25 tons 
Mixed hay . 26.25 tons 
Com .. 18.91 tons 
Cornstalks . 43.90 tons 
This makes a total of 587.01 tons, or 
225.56 tons of green forage, 222.30 tons 
of silage, 76.70 tons of hay, 46.96 tons of 
dry cornstalks and 18.91 tons of corn—all 
from 76 acres. 
1 here may be some whose operations 
are limited to one crop on each field in -a 
season who will say this is impossible. 
Others may say that the story is too large, 
and will lead beginners astray. The fig¬ 
ures are true. '1 he soil of this farm is 
well suited to this sort of farming. It is 
naturally strong, level and thoroughly tile- 
drained so that it can be worked quickly 
after a rain. On thin rolling land it 
would not be possible to produce such 
crops. It was not possible to do so here at 
first. 1 he use of clover, cow peas and 
Alfalfa, part plowed under and part fed, 
adds nitrogen to the soil, and 34 tons of 
grain were bought and fed—the manure 
going back to the land. 
The following table shows what the 
green forage crops were. They were 
mostly cut before they were ripe and fed 
green to the cows. If there was any of 
one crop left when the next one was 
ready, this surplus was cut and cured as 
hay : 
Green rye . 20.70 tons 
Green wheat . 19.43 tons 
Grass . 19.25 tons 
Alfalfa . 22.46 tons 
Japanese millet .26.10 tons 
White flint corn. 12.40 tons 
Southern white corn. 11.50 tons 
Cow peas . 53.78 tons 
Kaffir corn and peas. 12.60 tons 
Combination . 7 00 tons 
Second crop grass. 20.34 tons 
makes his profit through the ability to 
buy sweet brewers’ grains at a low fig¬ 
ure. At the New Jersey Station another 
problem is found. Here the effort is to pro¬ 
duce as much green forage as possible on 
a comparatively small area of good land 
lying close to the buildings. Later we 
would like to compare these systems with 
that of feeding fresh cows on pasture 
through the season and then keeping 
them cheaply through the Winter. 
Total .225.56 tons 
This supplied green forage to 35 cattle 
and 12 head of young stock for 142 days, 
and represented about 20 acres, since 
much of the land produced two crops. 
For example, five acres cut 20.70 tons of 
green rye, feeding stock from May 2 to 
May 18. On May 24 two acres of this 
feed were seeded to Japanese millet, and 
from July 27 to August 3 gave 15.40 tons 
of forage. On May 22 one acre of this 
field was sowed to cow peas and cut Aug¬ 
ust 20 to 23 7.63 tons. On July 16 the 
remaining two acres were also seeded to 
cow peas and cut September 22-28 12.60 
tons of forage. 1 bus these five acres 
gave during the year 56.33 tons of forage, 
and at the close of the season were again 
seeded to rye or wheat for the next year’s 
early cutting. The manure on this farm 
is used freely, nearly every crop receiv¬ 
ing its share with potash and phosphoric 
acid also purchased. The value of all the 
forage crops, green, dry, and also silage, 
is given at $3,024.51 for 76 acres. Here 
then is another side of dairying. Mr. 
Shimmel buys everything, and evidently 
SELF-WATERING DEVICE. 
I am one of the firm making and selling 
a watering device, and to judge from our 
yearly sales, the practice is steadily but 
surely on the increase, as we each year 
sell more than the previous year. Years 
ago quite a number of dairymen installed 
a continuous trough before the cows, 
having an opening at each stall. This 
had a very serious fault, as the water was 
all in one body. As each cow drank, 
more or less feed and dirt, as well as the 
drool of the cows, got into the water and 
soon it became very foul, and more than 
this, if one cow became diseased, it spread 
through the whole herd. Later some put 
in cement feeding troughs, and once or 
twice a day flowed water through these 
for the cows. This system was about as 
bad as the continuous trough so far as 
spreading disease was concerned, and be¬ 
sides, it involved a lot of extra work in 
ridding the manger of the surplus water 
before it was fit to receive the food of 
cows. Most of these have been aban¬ 
doned. There are several styles of basins 
or troughs now on the market which are 
fixed to supports and from which the 
cows can drink at will, and which give 
fairly good satisfaction. 
Cows are ruminating animals, and as 
such are eating (ruminating) most of the 
time. Now to do this to best advantage, 
the contents of stomach must be in prop¬ 
er condition as to moisture, and a cow 
to give maximum quantity of milk, if a 
large milker, requires a lot of water each 
day (a cow at Michigan Experiment Sta¬ 
tion drank over 200 pounds of water 
daily.) No cow can possibly drink this 
qmount of water at one time, or at twice 
in a day, and if she could, the water 
would soon pass from her stomach and 
the contents be left too dry for best rum¬ 
ination. Consequently, the cow to do her 
level best, should be able to ‘'drink a lit¬ 
tle and often.” We have very many 
statements of results of stopping water 
supply, and all of the same character, al¬ 
ways of falling off. Most of the water¬ 
ing devices are faulty in some one or 
more ways. A basin should not be too 
large ; it should carry but little water, and 
the inlet should be so small that every 
time the animal drinks, all the w ater 
should be quickly taken out; each basin 
should have a valve so that while water 
might enter, none could pass out. This 
prevents all water from passing between 
the basins and insures that each cow gets 
fresh water direct from the supply tank 
and that no disease germs can be com¬ 
municated from one cow to another 
through the drinking. The basins should 
have smooth bottoms so as to be easily 
cleaned out, and be so made that nothing 
can pass down through them to clog the 
pipes. Lastly, they should be fitted with 
automatic or self-closing covers, so that 
no feed or dirt can get down into the 
water. 
My firm guarantees an average increase 
in milk yield by using them of from five 
to 15 per cent over watering twice a day 
out of doors. Another and great saving 
made by using self-watering is the amount 
of the time saved, to say nothing of the 
danger of injury to cows by slipping and 
crowding about the icy water trough out 
of doors. j. s. WOODWARD. 
Mrs. Mommer: “According to this 
paper boiled cow’s milk is not good for 
babies.” Mr. Mommer: “I can see 
where the paper is right. A raw cow 
gives better milk than a boiled one.”— 
Chicago Daily News. 
“I don’t read of as many gold-brick 
swindlers as I used to,” said the man 
who watches the news. “No,” answered 
the man with the diamond breastpin; 
“what’s the use of going to the trouble 
to fix up a gold brick when you can get 
bigger returns on a prospectus?”—Wash¬ 
ington Star. 
The Sunday-school superintendent was 
reviewing the lesson. “Who led the 
children of Israel out of Egypt?” he 
asked. There was no answer. Pointing 
to a little boy at the end of the seat, he 
demanded a little crossly, “Little boy, 
who led the children of Israel out of 
Egypt?” The little boy was ready to cry 
as he piped out with a quavering voice, 
“Please, sir, it wasn’t me. We just moved 
here last week. We’re from Missoury.”— 
The Circle. 
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DE LAVAL CREAM SEPARATORS 
THE WOR LD’S ST ANDARD. 
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Then why buy an inferior separator of any make, and why 
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A De Laval catalogue to be had for the asking tells the whole story. 
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THE DE LAVAL SEPARATOR CO. 
Randolph & Canal Sts. 1213 & 1215 Filbert St. 
CHICAGO PHILADELPHIA 
Drumm & Sacramento Sts. 
SAN FRANCISCO 
General Offices: 
74 Cortlandt Street, 
NEW YORK. 
173-177 William Street 14 & iS Princess Street 
MONTREAL WINNIPEG 
107 First Street 
PORTLAND, OREG. 
