1907. 
talks With a lawyer. 
If property is all left to wife and one 
dollar each to children, will it be valid in 
New York? a. s. 
Such a will if properly attested and wit¬ 
nessed by two signers is valid. We suggest 
that you state $1 is bequeathed to all the 
children living at the time of your death. 
A wife dies intestate, leaving no children. 
What does the husband take? s. i,. 
The husband takes all of the personal prop¬ 
erty and one-half interest in the realty, the 
balance of the realty descending to her near¬ 
est relatives. If there are no relatives the 
husband takes all. The same rule obtains in 
case of death of the husband. Of course 
either may make a will directing the dis¬ 
tribution of the property. 
Does the highway law of New York require 
an owner in cleaning out a ditch to throw the 
dirt on the roadway, not back on his own 
land? The duty of opening the ditch is on 
the town. m. h. c. a. 
There is no such requirement; the State 
law is general and does not go into silly de¬ 
tails. The commissioner of highways has ex¬ 
tensive discretion in making and repairing 
roads. This may be one of his rules, but 
as the owner is not working out his road 
tax, but improving his own land, he may do 
anything not injurious to the public. 
I bought a farm here, of which the title 
was in the man’s name alone. lie deeded 
it to me alone: his wife did not join in the 
deed. Is the title valid in this State, and 
has his wife any dower rights in it as she 
did not sign the deed? c. K. p. 
The wife has no rights in or to the prop¬ 
erty until the death of her husband, the sell¬ 
er. At his death she may claim her dower 
right which is one-third of the income of the 
place for the balance of her life. In case 
of a mortgage she must contribute her share 
of interest money. This is a cloud on your 
title, which will hinder you in the sale of it. 
Dower right is never outlawed, and is pro¬ 
tected by the courts, and is terminated only 
by divorce or deed. If the seller agreed to 
give you a gopd title he is liable for this 
defect. See if you can get the wife to sign 
off her interest in it. 
Is the tenant entitled to fruit of trees 
growing alongside roadside? 
New York. G. L. a. 
The tenant is entitled to the produce and 
crops of the farm owned by the landlord. 
The landlord owns to the center of the high¬ 
way and the tenant may gather hay, grass, 
crops and fruit growing on the roadside, pro¬ 
vided only that such crops do not hinder the 
use of the road. The public has a reasonable 
use of the road for travel, and must not 
bother the owner or tenant adjoining same. 
There is no reason in law why the strip 
along the roads should be neglected. 
WHITE SMOKE FROM GASOLINE 
ENGINES. 
One of our readers who uses gasoline to 
run an engine says he finds quite a ditference 
in the quality of the oil which is bought 
at equal prices. Some will cause little or 
no white smoke from the exhaust, while 
other samples will cause quite a large quan¬ 
tity. He wants to know if this white smoke 
indicates a lack of purity in the oil, a smaller 
ratio of power to the gallon. If so, is there 
any simple way to test it for quality? 
White smoke almost invariably indicates 
an excess of lubricating oil. This does not 
do any particular damage, but it means that 
more oil is used than is necessary to lubri¬ 
cate the engine. We do not think that the 
white smoke has anything to do with an 
excess of gasoline, as this will show a 
black smoke, and we are inclined to believe 
that a lower grade of fuel than could prop¬ 
erly be handled by the engine would also 
show up the presence of a black smoke. Of 
this, however, we are not sure, as our engine 
will handle satisfactorily a low grade of 
gasoline as well as benzine. If you refer to 
lubricating oil we think the difficulty might 
be accounted for in several ways. One oil 
might be heavier than another, and therefore 
with the same setting of the oil cups, feed oil 
more quickly, and thus explain the presence 
of the white smoke; or one oil might not be 
as well suited to the high temperatures and. 
therefore, burn where another oil would stand 
the heat and not show the white smoke. We 
know of no simple and exact way of testing 
these oils, but a comparative test can be 
taken by dropping samples of different oils 
on the exhaust pot and note which disappears 
the quickest, abenaque machine works. 
I am of the opinion that the quality of 
gasoline has nothing whatever to do with 
the amount of white smoke inquirer is get¬ 
ting. It would be my judgment that he is 
using too much cylinder oil, and perhaps of 
an Inferior quality. In answer to the ques¬ 
tion of whether or not the white smoke indi¬ 
cates a lack of purity in the oil, would say 
that it might, but we know of no way that 
one could ascertain this cause. For instance, 
the quality of gasoline depends on the amount 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
Of carbon, and if there was a poor quality of 
oil in the gasoline of course it would weigh 
the same as perhaps the carbon. 
THE AIR-COOLED MOTOR CO. 
White smoke from' the exhaust indicates the 
use of too much cylinrer oil in the engine. 
The smoke from gasoline is blue and from a 
very low grade of gasoline or kerosene is 
black. Smoke from the exhaust indicates 
unconsumed fuel and is caused by the gaso¬ 
line not being properly vaporized and mixed 
with a sufficient quantity of air. An en¬ 
gine properly constructed will develop its 
full power without requiring sufficient fuel 
being turned on to cause smoke from the 
exhaust. The hydrometer may be used for 
testing such liquids. c. h. Canfield. 
One would think from the description of 
the case that inquirer is getting gasoline 
sometimes which is mixed with kerosene. Oils 
of this kind are usually tested for the 
“flash” point, but this would not give him 
the desired information in case he is getting 
a mixed oil of this kind. Possibly the only 
test which would be satisfactory would be a 
distillation of (lie sample to determine at 
what temperature it vaporizes, and whether 
part of it vaporizes at a very much lower 
temperature than the other part. 
THE TEMPLE FL’MP CO. 
According to our experience there is al¬ 
ways a slight difference in the quality of 
gasoline, but if the inquirer wishes to make a 
test this can be done by using a hydrometer 
pipe, that can be secured at a small cost 
from any drug store. We believe that the 
white smoke noticeable at times from the 
exhaust is caused by the use of too much 
lubricating oil or a variation of the gasoline 
supply rather than the quality of oil. 
WATERLOO GASOLINE ENGINE CO. 
Cement in Place of Clapboards. 
S. M. W., Ripley, N. Y.—Would a coating 
of cement applied outside a building be as 
warm and as durable as one-inch boards 
(hemlock), and how would same compare in 
price with lumber at $22.50 per 1,000 feet? 
Ans.—I answer on the theory that S. 
M. W. means to apply the cement mortar 
to lath, which should be metal lath, in 
this case. In some sections that is a very 
common method of covering the outside 
of buildings, and I believe a very satis¬ 
factory one, if done well. I have never 
had anything to do with a job of the 
kind, but it is a simple matter of putting 
on the lath and having a good plasterer 
put on the plaster, and the inquirer can 
very likely find a mason in his locality 
who would know how to do it and be 
able to give him the estimates. As to the 
matter of keeping out cold or retaining 
heat, I think such a covering would be 
warmer than inch lumber, as there would 
be no crack or holes to let in wind or 
storm, and so it must make the air cham¬ 
ber a more perfect dead blanket. As to 
its durability. I cannot say. but think 
that if it were applied thoroughly it 
would be a permanent thing, r. c. a. 
“When do you break your horses?” I 
asked a ranchman. “Pardner,” was the 
solemn answer, “pardner, we have no 
time to break horses in Texas, we just 
climb on and ride them.”—Credit Lost. 
••• * • * • ii get u ijmciv reply 
a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8. 
SYSTEM OF STEAM OR 
HOT WATER HEATING. 
Mother and child need Healthy heat. 
Not the devitalized kind that comes 
from stoves and furnaces but the 
temperate, even warmth distributed 
throughout the house evenly by 
“PIERCE” SYSTE . S. 
They are absolutely free from disa¬ 
greeable and dangerous features. They 
can be installed at any season of the 
year without nuisance. They never 
cause trouble, require little attention, 
and save their cost in fuel. Installed 
by local dealers everywhere. 
Note— 'We have a brooder heater with perfect 
temperature regulator that will save your chicks in 
the hovers. Write us if you are interested. 
“Common Sense Heating and 
Sanitary Plumbing,” 
an interesting booklet that gives 
valuable information about these 
two important equipments. 
Sentlfree on request. 
PIERCE, BUTLER & 
PIERCE MFG. CO., 
902 James St., 
Syracuse, N. Y. 
TBROWm 
r/A-IrPAYS THE. 
[HEAVIEST FENCE MADE 
All No. 9 Steel Wire- Well galvanized. Weighs 
■ \ 'V? ro th 5“ ™ ost fences. 15 to 85c per rod. 
. dell yered* W © send free sample for inspoction 
L and test. Write for fence book of 133 styles. A 
The Brown Fence «fc Wire Co. 
Cleveland, Ohio. 
FENCE 
Madeof High Carbon Double Strength 
Lolled Wire. Heavily Galvanized to 
prevent rust. Have no agents. Sell at 
factory prices on 30 days’ free trial. 
We pay all freight. 37 heights of farm 
land poultry fence. Catalog Free. 
COILED 8PRING FENCE CO. 
'Box 203 Winchester, Indiana 
Every 
Good 
Farmer 
Knows 
that it pays to keep stock, 
grain, hay, tools, vehicles 
and implements under 
good, tight roof. 
REX 
FLINTKOTE 
ROOFING 
is the kind of roof that’s easy to 
lay—any ordinary workman can 
do it. 
Proof against water, tight against 
wind, resistant to fire, and sure to 
satisfy. Won’t give taste to cistern 
water; won’t stretch, warp or 
crack. Highest in quality. “Look 
for the Boy”—the trade-mark on 
every roll that protects you. 
SAMPLES SENT FREE 
to prove how good it is, with a 
booklet full of roofing information. 
Send for these, and also enclose 
4 cents for our booklet, “Making 
Poultry Pay,” which every farmer 
ought to have. 
J. A. & W. BIRD & CO. 
70 India Street, Boston, Mass. 
Agents everywhere 
The Best j 
Fencing! 
for fanners’needs, the I 
most satisfactory and sub-1 
stantial—and the cheapest, are I 
FROST HEAVY WEIGHT 
KNOCKED DOWN and WOVEN | 
WIRE FENCES. Catalogue free. 
WE PAY FREIGHT. 
THE FROST WIRE FENCE CO., Cleveland, Cijio. I 
H. B. DRAKE & CO.. 90 West St.. New York, N. Y. I 
Havana Low Wagons 
All steel, made to last; wood gears also. Save high 
lifting, hard pulling, avoid cutting up Helds. Tires any 
STKI:I ‘ W'HKELS furnished TO ITT 
OLD GEARS. Write for free booklet. 
HAVANA METAL WHEEL CO., Box 17. HAVANA, ILL. 
My Price—the Lowest 
W The ONLY m 
■:y Spreader Guaranteed^® 
' for 25 Year* with a\ 
$25,000 Bond Guarantee 
TO PROTECT YOU 
My 
Spread¬ 
er is 
Really 
Sold 
from 
My 
Factory 
to Your 
Farm 
at ONE 
Profit. 
_ Day Free Trial In Your Pocket 
Y OU don t have to pay me or any one else a single cent 
on the price of my spreader bef oreyou try it or after 
you try it, if it doesn’t prove itself to be the best 
made. I am not beginning in the spreader business I 
have built spreaders for years. So I know what be¬ 
ginners don’t know. I know how to and do build the 
Galloway Spreader so it can’t break and wear out where 
experimental spreaders are sure to break and wear out. 
I challenge any other manure spreader seller or manu¬ 
facturer to put his spreader alongside of the Galloway 
the hardest kind of a test. I don’t care what oth 
spreader you try—it won’t cost you a cent to try tl 
Galloway at the same time. So it’s certainly to your a 
vantage to try the Galloway at no cost to you even i f y< 
do put up your money to try any other spreader. If tl 
Galloway doesn’t beat any other that you try, all y< 
have to do is return it at my expense and you’re n 
out a penny and you haven’t risked a penny. 
Galloway w B a ox on Manure Spreader 
Special 
Low 
iPrices on 
Spreaders 
with 
Trucks 
T^HE Galloway has the best im- 
A provements—all patented so 
you can’t get them on other 
spreaders. The Galloway is 
Lightest Draft—Feeds as 
You Wish—and is the 
Only Spreader that Fits 
Quickly and Easily to 
the Different Widths ot 
Wagon Wheels. 
Send me a postal and I will 
send you, absolutely free, my 
special proposition to you, and 
the Best and Biggest Manure 
Spreader Book, Free. 
669 Jefferson St. 
_ v WATERLOO. I A. 
Prompt delivery to you from Waterloo Factory or transfer polnta at’ 
Kansas City; Minneapolis; Madison, Wisconsin, etc. p 
The ONLY 
Spreader with 
MALLEABLE 
f and 
Hi*. STEEL 
||p|| for ALL 
W m Parts 
that 
break 
and wear 
out in 
other 
v rL l l(8pread- 
~ers. 
The 
ONLY 
Endless 
Apron 
Force 
Feed 
Spreader 
in the 
World 
Fits the 
wagon 
Fears you 
already 
have. 
