24 Moll. 
MOLLUSCA. 
Kobelt & Weinkauff, has reached its 337th fascicule.. For particulars, see 
Doiirn (106), Clessin (76), Lobbecke (233), and Weinkauff (376). 
Tryon has completed vol. vii. of his Manual of Conchology, and has 
commenced the issue of a second series, treating of the Pulmoncita , of 
which vol. i. has been published [see (358)]. 
Kobelt (210) commences a second edition of Rossmassler’s “ Icono- 
graphie.” The first two parts treat of the Palasarctic Unionidce ; three 
spp. nn. are described, and many figured for the first time. 
Adams (1a) has issued a neat handbook of British Land and Fresh- 
Water Mollusca. 
Clessin’s second edition of his “ Deutsche Excursions-Mollusken- 
Fauna” is completed (78). 
Nevill (277) continues his catalogue, and ends it, so far as his own 
personal work is concerned, with vol. ii., which treats of the Tcenioglossa 
(Families Ampullariidce to Melaniidce). The species enumerated are, of 
course, mainly Indian, but the Museum contains also a good many from 
other localities. 
Kobelt & Spengel give an account of the literature on Mollusca 
during 1884, in Zoologische Jahresbericht, part iii., 123 pp. Berlin : 8vo. 
E. von Martens gives an account of that during the year 1883. Arch, 
f. Nat. 1. 2, pp. 522-614. 
Anatomy and Physiology. 
Phylogeny of the Mollusca as a whole is briefly treated by Herdman, 
(166) pp. 27 -39, based mainly on Lankester ; also some remarks by Sedg¬ 
wick, Q. J. Micr. Sci. (2) xxiv. p. 71. 
Wagner (373) gives a detailed account of the anatomy, physiology, 
and habits of Clio borealis (see also pp. 39 & 44). 
Yayssiere (364) has examined 37 species of Tectibranchiata , and finds 
them all Opisthobranchiate ; he follows Fischer in dividing them into 
Cephalaspidea (20 spp.), Anaspidea (6 spp.), and Notaspicha (9 spp.). 
Notarchus possesses a minute shell, situated in the integuments near the 
anus ; the lateral portions of the foot pass upwards, and fuse throughout 
almost their whole length in the middle line of the back. Oscanius , 
Leach, with amended characters, is used for Pleurobranchus membra- 
naceus and P. tuberculatus, in which the generative openings are com¬ 
pletely separate, the vulva somewhat anteriorly to and above the branchia, 
the penis nearer the head and protected by strong folds of the mantle- 
margin. 
Pleurobranchcea has no shell, so far as the author could observe, though it 
may possess a microscopic one, like Notarchus. In Umbrella mediterranea 
there is a very delicate suboesophageal commissure : the otocysts are 
difficult to find ; they lie upon the pedal ganglia, and are connected with 
the cerebral ganglia by a very slender connective ; the otoliths are very 
numerous (150-200) ; nervous system of Tylodina resembles that of 
Umbrella , but three visceral ganglia are present : eggs are contained in 
a yellowish nidimental ribbon, and the embryo possesses a nautiloid 
shell. 
