ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY. 
Moll . 25 
SiMROTH (336) has given a detailed account of the anatomy of the 
various German slugs, the systematic conclusions based upon which will be 
found abstracted on p. 66. 
Jourdain (205) considers that the species of Limacidce should be 
determined by the internal anatomy (especially of the generative organs) 
rather than by such variable characters as the colour, form of the shell 
and jaws, &c. An excretory canal runs through the pedal gland for a 
variable distance in the middle line ; it is lined with cilia, and opens at 
the bottom of a ’transverse groove, which separates the buccal papilla 
from the anterior border of the foot. In the Limacidce it is branched 
and glandular. The author reduces the species of St. Yaast to 5 : 
Arion rufus , Limax agrestis , L. maximus, L. variegatus, Milax gcigates. Of 
these he gives diagnoses, based mainly on characters hitherto neglected. 
Lacaze-Duthiers (225) gives a morphological comparison between 
Testacella and Limax , the homologies being based upon the nerve supply. 
In Testacella , the mantle and respiratory cavity have become inferior and 
diminished in size, and the viscera, not finding space below them, have 
passed into the neck ; whilst in Limax , the foot has developed into a 
large sac, containing the viscera. Testacella may have been developed 
from Limax by adaptation to subterranean existence. 
The same author (222) corrects some mistakes of Dali regarding the 
structure of Gaclinia garnotii, the pulmonary sac of which is a kidney, 
and encloses water,, but is not specially vascular. Respiration is probably 
carried on by the margin of the mantle surrounding the border of the shell. 
Gibson (137) gives an account of the anatomy of Patella vulgata. 
Epithelial cells elongated, connected with subepithelial connective tissue ; 
not absent between the circular muscle and the shell ; they are modified 
to form an eye at the base of the tentacle ; the cells are pigmented, and 
the cuticle forms a double layer ; the muscle fasciculi are so disposed as 
to create a vacuum under the foot, by which the animal is attached ; the 
fibres are non-striated, save in the heart. Gills are morphologically pro¬ 
cesses of the ventral surface of the mantle. Tactile papillae occur in 
pockets along the edge of the mantle skin ; the structure and behaviour 
towards reagents of the right and left kidneys are different. Blood cor¬ 
puscles are colourless and amoeboid. The author describes the aliment¬ 
ary canal, and finds a hard plate in the floor of the buccal cavity, hitherto 
overlooked, against which the radula plays. The microscopic structure 
of the various parts is given. Nervous system consists of eight pairs of 
ganglia, the three primary being much the largest; the fibres are elong¬ 
ated nucleated cells; ganglia consist of neuroglia, with many triangular 
or irregular nerve cells; in the pedal 'and visceral ganglia are many bi¬ 
polar cells. The conclusions of Brandt & Spengel are confirmed. The 
histology of the reproductive organs is given, and the author agrees with 
Cunningham that the .reproductive organs have no ducts. 
Lacaze-Duthiers (223) replies to criticisms of Spengel regarding his 
views on the epipodium of Haliotis , and fortifies his position by argu¬ 
ments drawn from Trochus , Fissurella , and Emarginula. 
A female of Hcdia priamus (Risso) from the mouth of the Gambia has 
been examined by Poirier (294, 295). The foot is large, and resembles 
