ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY. 
Moll. 43 
Avion empiricovum lives only one season, no specimens surviving the 
winter; Simroth (337). 
Paludina contecta and Planorbis covneus eaten by rats ; Oldham, Natu¬ 
ralist, x. p. 274. 
Unio , Anoclon , and Dveissenci eaten by birds and rats ; id. t. c. p. 181. 
Myicola metisiensis, Wright, Copepod parasitic on Mya arenaria , Gulf 
of St. Lawrence ; Wright (382). 
Tethys leporina infested by Phcenicurus ; Lacaze-Duthiers, C.R. ci. 
p. 30. 
Oysters preyed upon by Polydove (Leucodore) polybranchia, sp. n,, and 
other Annelids ; Haswell (163). 
Oysters destroyed by a sponge ( Ohalinula coxii ) ; v. Lendenfeld 
(230). See also Erjavec (116) and p. 65, posted. 
A new protozoan parasite on Truncatella truncatula (Scyphidiafischeri) ; 
Vayssiere (365). 
Anodonta, young attached to gills of an Axolotl ; Riehm, Z. ges. 
Naturw. (4) iv. p. 202. 
Poisonous effects of the bite of Conus geographicus in New Britain ; 
Hinde, P. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. ix. pp. 944 & 945. 
Poisonous effect of mussels from stagnant water; Science, vii. pp. 175 
& 176. Virchow (Arch. path. Anat. civ. pp. 161-180) discusses the case 
of poisoning by a Mytilns sp. which occurred at Wilhelmshafen. Sal- 
kowski (op. cit. cii. pp. 578-592) compares the poisoning by mussels to 
that of curare. 
Colours of Mollusks are treated of by Camerano, (65) p. 348. Black 
is rare ; brown, grey, yellow, white, and red, common ; violet, relatively 
abundant ; blue, not rare ; green, infrequent. Species with strong shells 
are more highly coloured, as a rule, than those with fragile shells. Often 
the bright colours are in less conspicuous parts. In naked marine forms 
mimetic colouring is often observed. *Eimer (Tag. Deut. Nat. Vers, 
lviii. p. 408), from observations on coloration, concludes that species 
originate mainly from variations due to constitutional causes. 
Simroth (337) has made experiments on the development of colour in 
slugs, and comes to the following conclusions : (a) The coloration is 
dependent entirely on the influence of temperature during the chief 
period of development (from March to May) ; other influences are con¬ 
fined to the black pigment, so soon as the sole of the foot* is entirely 
coloured. ( b ) Warmth inhibits the black pigment, or causes it to dis¬ 
appear, and augments the formation of the red. (c) Cold has the oppo¬ 
site effect. The red pigment appears to serve as a warning, for indi¬ 
viduals with that colour were either rejected as food by other animals or 
the viscera only were devoured. 
Green colour of oysters (huitres de Marennes) due to a bluish pigment, 
“ marennin,” taken up from Diatoms, Navicula ostrearia , on which the 
Mollusk feeds, and which accumulates in secretory cells of the gill and 
tentacles ; Lankester (229). 
Green colour of clams due to Diatoms ; Ryder, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm, 
v. pp. 181-185. 
Certes (71) has experimented on the power of oysters to take up 
