ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY, TESTICARDINES. Brack. 8 
apparatus. There is a nerve collar round the oesophagus, and the 
brachial nerves are the largest ; Joubin (4). 
No anatomical work upon Discina has appeared since that of Owen in 
1835. The mantle which lines the valves is perforated by ramifying 
canals, which arise by four trunks from the general cavity ; their branches 
open into a large intra-pallial lacuna, and their extremities into a 
circular vessel which runs round the margin of the mantle ; here nume¬ 
rous bristles are inserted arising from glandular follicles. Under the 
visceral mass is situated the peduncle, which is a kind of oval sac attached 
by its upper face to the mantle, and by the lower adhering like a sucker 
to the subjacent rock. Its walls are flexible, and it contains three 
vertical muscles and a circular one. The arms are formed—(1) of a solid, 
immovable portion, attached to the body by a large base, and (2) of a 
slender flexible portion situated above the first. The first turn of the 
arm is attached to the visceral mass ; its curvature is dorsal, thus differ¬ 
ing from that of other inarticulate Brachiopods. There is a double row 
of cirri along the arms. The musculature of Discina resembles that of 
Lingula rather than that of Crania ; a table showing the muscular homo¬ 
logies is given. The digestive tract presents a long narrow oesophagus, 
followed by an ovoid stomach, into which three ducts from the large liver 
open. The intestine forms a complete bend, then turns to the right and 
expands, and after a thin S-shaped portion opens through a wide rectum 
at the side of the body. As in Lingula , the digestive tract is not sus¬ 
tained by a vertical membrane. The nervous system consists of a slender 
oesophageal collar, from the dorsal side of which are given off three pairs 
of nerves, of which the first goes to the arms, the others to the muscular 
and digestive organs. The genital glands form two distinct groups, 
attached to the gastro- and ileo-parietal membranes ; they are bulky, and 
have an arborescent framework of connective tissue. The oviducts con¬ 
sist of a pair of laminated spaces ; they lead into a long canal situated 
between the anterior adductor muscles and the wall of the body, and 
opening not far from the base of the arms ; Joubin (5). 
Shipley (12) replies to criticisms of Schulgin on his paper on Argiope , 
and claims that his description is more accurate and complete than that 
of the latter. 
According to Krukenberg (7), chitin is more extensively distributed 
in Brachiopods than in Cephalopods. In Lingula cinatina it. not only 
forms the chief constituent of the calcified skeleton, but also the thick 
elastic sheath of the peduncle and the supporting framework of the 
internal organs. 
TESTICARDINES. 
Terebratulidas. 
Platiclia anomioicles (Scacchi), having been found already on both sides 
of the Atlantic, is recorded from San Diego and Todos Santos Bay, Cali¬ 
fornia, by Orcutt, (9) p. 551. Specimens from the various localities are 
compared by Dali, ibid. 
