GENERAL MORPHOLOGY. 
Pol. 3 
of Flustra rnembranaceo-truncata , Smitt, and Barentsia bulbosa , Hincks, 
have been published in a most complete monograph. 
Nicholson & Foord (11) draw attention to a species of Fistuliporci, 
in all probability identical with Berenicea megastoma , M‘Coy. 
Affinity of the Polyzoa. 
Speaking of ’the affinity of the Polyzoa with other organisms, Harmer 
says (2) the Entoprocta —larval and adult—are true Trochospheres, and 
that the nervous system of Loxosoma, develops in almost exactly the same 
manner as that of Dentalium. The Entop>rocta have certain affinities with 
ActinotrocJia ; but the gut flexure differs from that of the adult Phoronis. 
To the Brachiopocla the affinity is more doubtful than to Phoronis , but 
the nearest allies of Entoprocta are the Trochosphere larvse of Mollusca, 
or Chcetopoda, and the adult Botifera ; and his conclusions are that the 
Entoprocta form the most archaic of the groups of the Polyzoa, their 
relation to other forms being somewhat doubtful. 
Lankester (6) thinks that the Polyzoa are probably more closely 
related to the Sipunculoid Gephyrean worms than to any other group 
of the animal kingdom ; but he recognizes the extreme difficulty of 
interpreting the facts of their ontogeny. 
The larval form described by Fewkes, (1) p. 305, and supposed by him 
to belong to the Annelid group, and regarded as forming a connecting 
link between the Annelids and the Polyzoa , Harmer pronounces to be 
(2) “simply a very characteristic larval LoxosomaP 
In his investigations of the Cyphonautes-stage of Membranipora 
repiachowi , sp. n., and M. denticulata , Busk., Ostrooumoff (12) says that 
the “ enigmatical ” organ of Schneider is nothing but the “ internal sac ” 
filled with a substance which afterwards spreads out on the surface and 
becomes an adhesive membrane. 
CTENO STOMATA. 
Vigelius, (17) p. 104 et seep , considers, with Salensky, the crown of the 
Peclicellina not as the equivalent of a polypide, but as the horqologue of 
a polypo-cystide, of which the stalk is an integral part, and he would 
thus deal with the structure of Barentsia. 
Entoprocta. 
The anatomy and morphology of the adult Loxosoma have been worked 
out by Harmer, (2) pp. 261-337. The species investigated are L. crassi- 
cancla , L. pes, L. singulare (?), and L. leptoclina, sp. n. The adult Loxo¬ 
soma possess a large sub-oesophageal ganglion, hitherto described as 
a part of the generative apparatus. The excretory organ (paired) pro¬ 
bably begins with a flame cell; and the nephridia are completely 
