4 Ech. 
ECHINODERMATA. 
52. Wachsmuth, C., & Springer, F. Revision of the Palceocrinotdea. 
Part in. Discussion of the Classifications and Relations of the 
Brachiate Crinoids, and Conclusion of the Generic Descriptions. 
P. Ac. Philad. 1885, pp. 225-364, pis. iv.-ix. 
53. Walter, A. Ceylons Echinoderraen. Jen. Z. Nat. xviii. pp. 
365-384. 
Geographical Distribution. 
Eehinoderms collected during the expedition to Point Barrow, Alaska ; 
Report, Washington, 1885, pp. 156-162: of Shetland Islands ; Pearcey, 
P. R. Phys. Soc. 1884-5, pp. 404 & 405 : Coast of Netherlands ; Horst, 
Tijdsehr. Nederl. Dierk. Yer. (2) i. pp. 69-76: of Channel Islands ; Koehler, 
Bull. Soc. Nancy (2) xviii. pp. 74-76 : West Coast of France; Barrois 
(2) : of Beaufort, U.S.A. ; Nachtrieb (35) : of Italy; Camerauo & Les- 
sona, Compendio della Fauna italica (Torino, 1885), pp. 297-300: of the 
Adriatic ; Stossich, Boll. Soc. Adr. viii. pp. 90-110 : of Ceylon ; Walter 
(53) : of Campbell Island ; Filhol, Rec. Venus, iii. (2) pp. 572 & 573. 
Asteroids and Ophiuroids of South Georgia ; Studer (51). 
Asteroids of Mediterranean, Red Sea, and N. Atlantic; Perrier 
(39, 40, 41) : of Mauritius ; de Loriol (29). 
Echinoids of Gulf of Mexico ; Rathbun (48) : of Japan ; Doderlein 
( 11 ). 
Geographical and Bathymetrical Distribution of Grinoidea ; P H. 
Carpenter, Rep. Brit. Ass. 1884 (1885) pp. 758-760. 
Eehinoderms in relation to American Fisheries ; Rathbun, Fishery 
Industries of the United States. Section i. (Washington : 1884, 4to) 
pp. 838-841, pi. cclxxvii. 
Colouration of Eehinoderms ; Camerano, Mem. Acc. Tor. xxxvi. 
p. 343. 
Phosphorescence of do. ; McIntosh, Nature, xxxii. p. 478. 
Larvse of do. ; Conn, Stud. Biol. Lab. J. Hopkins Univ. iii. pp. 188-191. 
A general account of Eehinoderms is given by Lockingtou, in the 
Standard Natural History (Boston : 1885, 4to, ed. Kingsley) i. pp. 135-184. 
General Morphology. 
Carpenter (3) and Koehler (26) continue to discuss the characters of 
the vascular system ; the former (5), Perrier (38, 42), Wachsmuth & 
Springer (52) have contributed to the morphology of the Crinoidea. 
Haacke (20, 21) describes some quadriradiate specimens of Arnbly- 
pneustes, and raises the question of the primitive pentamerism of the 
Ecliinodermata. 
Nachtrieb’s note (35) contains some suggestions on the phvlogeny of 
the Echinodermatci. 
Hamann (22) has made important contributions to the histology of 
Asteroids and Holothuroids ; the Sarasins (50) describe the eyes on the 
test of Diadema ; Niemiec and Perrier (36, 37) discuss the suckers ; and 
