4 Verm. 
VERMES. 
38. Zenker, F. A. Ueber den Cysticercus racemosus des Gehirns ; Bei- 
trage zur Anat. u. Embryol. als Festgabe J. Henle, &c. Bonn : 1882, 
pp. 119-140, pi. xiii. 
39. Zscijokke, F. Ueber den Bau der Gescblecbtswerkzeuge von Tania 
litterata. Zool. Anz. viii. pp. 380-384. 
General Morphology. 
Lacaze-Duthiers (15) finds that Phcenicurus is accelomate, and regards 
it as one of the Dendroccela ; but a complete statement of its position 
must be deferred till its gonads have been investigated. 
Delage (6) describes the nervous system of Convoluta schultzii , and a 
sensory organ other than the optic or auditory, which he calls the frontal 
organ, and regards as having a testing function. 
General account of Planarians; Graff (9). 
The development of Linens obscurus has been studied by Hubrecht (13); 
see also (12). 
Salensky (27) has investigated that of Borlasia (for which he suggests 
Monopora , g. n.) vivipara. He compares the nervous system of Nemer- 
tines with that of Annelids, and the proboscis and its associated parts 
with their homolognes in the Rhabdocoela. 
Oudemans (22) recognizes three types of vascular system in the 
Nemertinea, and describes the arrangements of the nephridia. 
A short notice of the Nemertinea of the ‘Challenger’ is given by 
Hubrecht; Chall. Nar. i. pp. 830-832. 
Niemiec (19) gives an account of the nervous system of the Tceniidce , 
based on a study of T. ccenurus, T. elliptica , T. serrata , and T. meclio- 
canellata. He recognizes a nerve-ring, from the ganglionic swellings on 
which eight branches are given off, four of which pass into the piv.glot- 
tids ; and he compares his results with those of other observers, and the 
facts with those seen in Trematodes and Annelids. The nervous system 
of Bothriocephalus (20) is simpler and more primitive. 
Hamann (10) and Zschokke (39) contribute to our knowledge of the 
structure of Tcenia. 
Schauinsland (28) discusses the resemblances of the life-history of the 
Bothriocephalidce with those of Tceniidce and other Platyhelminthes. 
Looss (17) describes the anatomy of Distomurn palliatum and D. reticu¬ 
la turn, spp. nn. He thinks that the Distomata will have to be broken up 
into smaller groups, but does not expect to find any assistance from the 
number or arrangement of the suckers. Poirier (25) describes the mus¬ 
cular system of D. clavatum , regards the canal of Laurer as a kind of 
safety duct for superabundant genital products, and doubts whether the 
nervous system of Trematodes always consists of six longitudinal trunks. 
The structure and development of various Cercarice have been studied by 
Schwarze (29). Wright (34) describes a free-swimming Sporocyst. 
Genera and Species. 
Turbellaria of fresh waters ; Duplessis-Gourret (7), Imhof (14), Zacha- 
rias (35, 37). 
