DISTRIBUTION-METHODS. 
Spong. 19 
turbo , sp. n., 18 fath., Sarcocornea nodosa , sp. n. ; Dysidea Icirlcii , Bk., 
depth variable, D. hirciniformis , 19 fath., D. chaliniformis , 19 fath., 
Spongelia stellidermata, 3 fath., Carteriospongia caliciformis, spp. nn. ; 
Stelospongus levis , Hyatt, 19 fath., S.flabelliformis , 5. tuberculatus, 18 
fath., Geelongia vasiformis , 20 fath , Dactylia chalmiformis , 19 fath., D. 
impar , 6 fath., D. palmata, 16 fath., Ilircinia solida, 20 fath., II. inter - 
texta , 18 fath., H. flabellopalmata, H. pulchra, spp. nn., 19 fath. 
Japan. 'Carter (4) describes (Hexactinellida) Farrea occa , Bk., Pm- 
phragella elisce , Marshall, Hexactinella (g. n. ?) ventilabrum , sp. n.; 
(Lithistida) Racodiscula asteroides , Crtr. ; (Choristida) Pachastrella stel- 
lettodes , sp. n. ; Pachastrella sp. ; (Monaxona) Chalina polychotoma var. 
mauritiana , var. n. ; PiPa lineata var . flabelliformis, D. & M., T. poculum , 
sp. n. : all from off Misaki, Bay of Tokio. Euspongia anfractuosa , sp. n., 
19 fath. ; Coscinoderma lanuginosum , Carter, 19 fath. ; Paraspongia laxa , 
sp. n. 
JVew; Zealand. (Calcarea) Sycanclra inconspicua , sp. n., Leucandra 
bomba, H., both from the East Coast ; Lendenfeld (19). 
Fossil Sponges. 
Various Fossil Sponges are described by Hall (8), Pocta (26, 28), 
Seeley (39), Sollas (43), Zahalka (52). 
Methods. 
Sollas (41) describes a method of isolating the sclerites of Lithistids 
by boiling with caustic potash ; of obtaining sections of the Lithistid 
skeleton; and (42) various methods of studying the characters of siliceous 
and calcareous spicules. 
