8 Prot. 
PROTOZOA. 
102. Howchin, W. Occurrence of a Deep-Sea Foraminifer in Australian 
Miocene Rocks. Am. Nat. xix. p. 1092. 
Astrorhiza angulosa, a rare N. Atlantic Arenaceous Foram, has been 
found by Howchin in the Miocene strata of Victoria. 
103. Munier-Chalmas, —, & Schlumberger, C. Note sur les Milio- 
lidees trematophorees. Bull. Soc. geol. (3) xiii. pp. 273-323, pis. xiii. 
& xiv., 44 figs. [Abstr. C.R. c. pp. 818 & 819.] 
104. Pantanelli, D. Radiolarie negli schisti silicei di Monte Catini in 
Yal di Cecina. Atti Soc. Tosc. (p.-v.) iv. pp. 168-170. 
105. Rust, — . Ueber fossile Radiolarien aus Schichten des Jura. Jen. 
Z. Nat. xviii. pp. 40-44. 
General Anatomy and Physiology. 
Biitschli (10) continues his account of the structure of the Flagellatci. 
Butschli (11) describes and figures the nuclei of Peneroplis , Orbitolites, 
Lagena , Textularia , Spirillina, Calcarina , A mphistegina. The body sub¬ 
stance or plasma has a finely reticulated structure. He finds parasitic 
yellow cells ( Zooxanthella) in the plasma of Peneroplis planatus, P. per- 
tusus , and Orbitolites complanata. 
Lankester (58) describes a new minute Moneron, Archerina boltoni. 
No contractile vacuole is present; chlorophyll corpuscles, which multiply 
by quaternary division, occur and appear to functionally replace the 
nucleus ; there are numerous delicate, stiff, filamentous, non-streaming 
pseudopodia; food is engulphed by lobate pseudopodia. A spiny 
encysted stage occurs. [_Cf. also Archer (1).] 
Gruber (37) gives more particulars concerning the multinucleate con¬ 
dition of many Protozoa. He finds that nucleoli may be absent, and that 
before division there is a fusion of the nuclei. The number of nuclei in 
Amoeba is irrespective of division. In another paper (38), on the arti¬ 
ficial division of Infusoria, from experiments on Stentor he draws the 
conclusions that cell-protoplasm can only produce its like, and can never 
give rise to nuclear protoplasm ; pieces without a nucleus did well, but 
never grew up into complete animals. If an individual be incompletely 
divided, even a thread-like connecting strand is sufficient to cause the 
pieces to act as one physiological individual ; thus nervous function is not 
restricted to certain tracts, but is generally diffused throughout the pro¬ 
toplasm. In a Volvox colony the bridges of protoplasm serve more for 
nervous correlation than for the mutual nourishment of the separated 
organisms. \_Cf. also Zool. Rec. xxi. Prot. pp. 5 & 9, and No. 17.] 
Wallich (95) reprints extracts from Leidy, Martin Duncan, and his osvn 
works, to prove that he had anticipated Gruber in some of his observa¬ 
tions, and that the latter has not acknowledged it. He also criticizes 
Gruber's remarks as to pressure being the cause of the movement of 
granular particles, &c., in the body-substance of Amcebce. 
After some general remarks on Rhizopods, Wallich (94) criticizes at 
great length Leidy’s treatment of the genus Difflugia. 
