32 
PROCEEDINGS OF THE CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 
Series 4, Volume 65, Supplement II 
collected in Angola in 1948. While the most famous result of his Angolan expedition is the adult 
male elephant still on display in the Goteborg Museum, he also collected a few amphibians and 
reptiles in Namibe and Huila provinces that were never published upon. From May 1952 to April 
1954, the Zoological Museum of Hamburg promoted the Hamburgische Angola-Expedition that 
explored the provinces of Kwanza Norte, Kwanza Sul, Huambo, Benguela, Huila, Namibe and 
Cunene and produced a large number of herpetological specimens, collected mostly by Gustav 
Adolf von Maydell (1919-1959) and Dr. Schonfeldt. This collection was described by the German 
Herpetologist Walter Hellmich (1906-1974) (Hellmich and Schmelcher 1956; Hellmich 1957a,b) 
and included the type material of Agama agama mucosoensis and Gerrhosaurus nigrolineatus 
ahlefeldti. The material is currently deposited in Munich and Hamburg. Werner Ladiges (1910- 
1984) led the Angola Expedition of the Zoological Museum of Hamburg in 1959, but his herpeto¬ 
logical collections were never subsequently studied. Gert Hermann Heinrich (1896-1984) led the 
Conover Angola Expedition sponsored by the Chicago Natural History Museum (Field Museum), 
which explored many areas in Angola (Zaire, Luanda, Malanje, Kwanza Norte, Kwanza Sul, 
Huambo, Benguela, Huila, Namibe, Lunda Norte and Lunda Sul provinces) from 1953 to 1955. 
A total of 560 herpetological specimens were collected, but with the exception of some lacertids 
studied by Hymen Marx (1925-2007) and used to describe the Mount Moco endemic Ichnotropis 
microlepidota in 1956 (Marx 1956), the rest of the collection was not intensely studied and remains 
at FMNH. 
As part of the political project for the sci¬ 
entific study of the colonies, the Portuguese 
Junta das Missoes Geogrdficas e de Investi- 
gagdes Coloniais (created by decree in 1936, 
later renamed Junta de Investigagoes do Ultra¬ 
mar, and from 1973 onwards Junta de Investi- 
gagoes Ciendficas do Ultramar) promoted 
extensive multidisciplinary surveys to all of 
the Portuguese overseas territories. Under the 
Junta, the responsibility for zoological studies 
was given to the Centro de Zoologia de Lisboa 
(CZL) that was led by the Portuguese zoologist 
Fernando Frade (1898-1983; Fig. 24), who 
from 1957-1959 conducted several field sur¬ 
veys in Angola related to colonial apicultural 
studies, especially in Mexico Province. During 
these surveys, Frade made a considerable col¬ 
lection of amphibians and reptiles (more than 
600 specimens) that were partly studied by 
Mananas (1963, 1973) and Ruas (2002). This collection, recently relocated to the Museu Nacional 
de Historia Natural e da Ciencia (former Museu Bocage) in Lisbon, is currently being restudied 
since many specimens were never cited and represent important range extensions to known distri¬ 
butions. Another contribution to the Angolan herpetofauna are the collections by Antonio Arman¬ 
do Themido (1891-1960) from the University of Coimbra. He catalogued the small African 
herpetological collections of the Zoological Museum of the University of Coimbra, which includ¬ 
ed some Angolan specimens such as duplicates sent to Coimbra by Bocage, as well as few new 
records based on the collection donated to the museum by Manuel Paulino de Oliveira (1837- 
1899), the former curator of Coimbra Museum (Themido 1941). 
Figure 24. Fernando Frade, during fieldwork in Guinea 
Bissau (souree Instituto de Investiga^ao Cientiflea Tropieal). 
